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Importance of micronutrients in patients with celiac disease
Dolanská, Pavla ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of celiac disease with a focus on the importance of micronutrients in treatment and clinical monitoring of patients with celiac disease. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with celiac disease in general - history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and complications of celiac disease. Procedures for clinical monitoring of patients with celiac disease are also discussed. Last but not least, cereal proteins are analysed with a focus on gluten and its importance in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. The second chapter describes gluten-free diet as the only available possibility how to treat celiac disease. Furthermore, the pitfalls of the gluten-free diet and its possible nutritional imbalances associated with a gluten-free diet. The issue of gluten-free products is discussed, both in terms of legislation and in terms of selecting suitable foods. The possibilities of supplementation of micronutrients in celiac and other investigated possibilities of treatment of celiac disease outside the gluten-free diet are also mentioned. The practical part of this diploma thesis has two main goals. The first goal is...
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Issues relating to nutrition in patients with atopic dermatitis
Krejčí, Lenka ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with issues relating to nutrition in patients with atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its prevalence is still increasing and it can significantly affect the quality of life of patients as well as their families. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with etiology and pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, its prevention, risk factors for its development and dietary recommendations for patients with atopic dermatitis. Other chapters of the theoretical part deal with methods of diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, epidemiology and prevalence of the disease, potential complications that can arise from atopic dermatitis, treatment principles of atopic dermatitis and principles of skin care. The main aim of the practical part is to check whether the diet of adult respondents, who are suffering from atopic dermatitis, affects clinical manifestation of atopic dermatitis and find out the proof of it. Another aim is to find out whether the extent of affected skin area is related to perception of limitations in activities of daily living caused by atopic dermatitis. The data was obtained through the questionnaire survey among patients attending the Department of Clinical...
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Prognostic Siginificance of Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Kozlova, Marina ; Brůha, Radan (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and has a significant negative effect on the clinical outcome and prognosis of patients. Sarcopenia is manifested by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle strength and overall physical performance. X-ray examination is the most accurate method in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, but it is unknown to what extent the prognosis of liver cirrhosis can be predicted by non-invasive and broadly available anthropometric measurements and functional tests combined with the analysis of routine laboratory data. The aim of the work is to find factors related to the severity of liver cirrhosis, the occurrence of complications and survival of patients with a focus on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: The observational study included 20 patients of the IV. Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague (VFN) - Clinics of Gastroenterology and Hepatology diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. The progress of cirrhosis was assessed with MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Patients were examined twice, once during hospitalization and 3 months later. Functional tests of hand grip strength, chair stand test, NCT test and quality of life questionnaire were performed. Other measurements included...
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Influence of targeted nutritional intervention on postoperative results in patients after intestinal resections
Hlaváčková, Iva ; Šerclová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on patients who are undergoing surgery - intestinal resection. In a surgical patient, malnutrition is a frequent and significant negative factor that affects postoperative morbidity and lethality. Proper nutritional care has an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Nutritional elements are part of the perioperative care of the modern ERAS concept, which leads to reduction in the frequency of postoperative complications and a shortening of the hospitalization duration. The concept emphasizes early physical rehabilitation and shortening of the fasting period around the time of the operation, which leads to a significant saving of body protein. The theoretical part describes particular diseases that lead to surgical treatment. Special attention is paid to idiopathic intestinal inflammations and colorectal cancer. It also includes current recommendations of professional companies. The primary objective of the practical part is to compare two groups of patients who underwent intestinal resection. To find out whether targeted nutritional intervention (before, during and after surgery) has an impact on postoperative convalescence, the frequency of complications and the overall length of hospitalization. The aim was also to improve the quality of...
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Organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly
Konopická, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes connected with it, nutrition of the elderly, evaluation of nutritional status and accreditation of nutritional care. In the last part of the theoretical part I deal with the international project NutritionDay worldwide. NDay's vision is to minimize malnutrition in institutional care patients through the systematic collection and analysis of nutritional status data in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the organization of nutritional care in individual facilities and find out the nutritional status of clients in individual facilities by participating in the project nutritionDay worldwide 2018 (nDay) and comparing it with other facilities in the world. A partial objective was to find out the awareness of employees in the nursing section about the organization of nutritional care in their institution and also to obtain more detailed information about nutritional care in individual institutions. To the project nDay held on 15. 11. 2018 were involved three facilities, which I have labeled 1, 2 and 3 for the sake of...
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Indirect calorimetry in patients with home parenteral nutrition
Neradová, Andrea ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Introduction: Establishing the energy expenditure of patients with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a key component of nutritional care, just as important as being aware of how HPN affects energy expenditure. This helps prevent complications associated with excessive or insufficient nutrition. Certain studies have aimed at these issues have been carried out around the world, but little attention has been devoted to this subject in the Czech Republic as of yet. Several methods of ascertaining energy expenditure exist, with indirect calorimetry being considered the gold standard, however, in practice, various predictive equations are predominantly used instead. Aims: To compare the difference between the base metabolic rate (BMR) and the resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with home parenteral nutrition. When measuring REE, to also establish the extent of the thermic effect of parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, to compare the results for energy expenditure (BMR, REE) obtained via indirect calorimetry with the results obtained via the frequently used predictive equations for calculating BMR and REE, and to ascertain which predictive equation most closely matched the measurements obtained via indirect calorimetry. Methodology: Outpatients with HPN seen at the 4th internal clinic of the...
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Calcium intake in individuals with dietary restrictions of milk and dairy foods
Novák, Ondřej ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
The goal of my master's thesis is to research calcium intake in individuals with partial or complete dietary restriction of milk and dairy products. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part mostly originates from foreign scholarly articles and describes calcium from various points of view. This part informs about calcium's functions in different parts of a human body, describes its metabolism and factors that could alter it. Furthermore, it describes homeostasis and results of homeostasis corruption. Additionally, this thesis analyses disorders related to calcium phosphate metabolism disorder like osteoporosis, osteomalatia and rachitis. Another disorder analyzed is lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy which are disorders requiring restriction of milk and dairy products. The theoretical part also discusses content and efficiency of calcium in different articles of nutrition as well as daily recommended dosages appropriate for age and sex of individual. The practical part consists of a questionnaire aimed at calcium intake in researched group. Among other things the questionnaire investigates lifestyle of respondents and lifestyle connected risk factors of disorders like osteoporosis. It considers other osteoporosis risk factors such as disorders,...
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The influence of nursing procedures on the incidence of vascular access complications during home parenteral nutrition
Chalušová, Petra ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Pražáková, Zuzana (referee)
(EN) Home parenteral nutrition (DPV) has become a routine part of patients care whose oral intake is reduced or completely eliminated. An integral part of the application of DPV is also the permanent or temporary need for functioning vascular access. Catheter complications negatively affect the quality of life, morbidity and in case of catheter sepsis the patient mortality. In addition it also brings increased costs for therapy and the need for patients re-hospitalization. The main objective of our study is to analyze catheter-related complications and to determine whether use of catheter plugs like TauroLock and TauroLock Hep and Tegaderm CHG antimicrobial dressing affect the incidence of catheter complications with DPV, and whether the incidence of complications is affected by a person who treated the catheter. The secondary objective is to characterize patients with served DPV and types of catheter used for this purpose.The method chosen is a retrospective observational cohort study. The study contains 52 patients with 72 catheters (39 Broviac, 18 PICC and 15 ports). The monitored number of catheter- days in total was 33,875. We conclude that the use TauroLock Hep is effective in the prevention of catheter complications and significantly reduces the overall incidence of all complications (p =...
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Complications of tube enteral feeding in inflammatory intestine diseases
Polachová, Monika ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Šatný, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to complications of enteral nutrition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases. The incidence of these diseases has increased in recent years. Nutritional support is an important part of the treatment and the possibility of improving the nutritional status of patients, which plays an important role in responding to other forms of treatment itself or in pre-operative preparation. All forms of artificial nutrition might also cause certain complications. The subject of this work is to observe the complications of enteral nutrition, their solutions and the possibilities of their prevention.
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Influence of education of nutrition specialist on vitamins level at patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Palugová, Natália ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Šatný, Marek (referee)
In diploma thesis we deal with inflammatory bowel diseases. The theoretical part describes etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, out-of-body manifestation and drug therapy. Current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition and disease is described. Since inflammatory bowel diseases are incurable, therapy pays attention to keep the patient in remission and preventing relapse. Nutrition therapy plays an important role in achieving these goals. In the practical part, we deal with the level of nutrition awareness of patients, in the form of a questionnaire and a non- standardized interview. We also study the influence of education on vitamin levels in patients. We determine whether they know the importance of eating and eating nutrients in their illnesses. From the background, it can be appreciated that information resources are insufficient for patients. Patients would also welcome more detailed education, and therefore part of the practical part of the educational material for patients with Crohn's disease. Key words: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, nutrition, education, diet
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