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Search for a dictionary for audiosignals
Martinek, Václav ; Záviška, Pavel (referee) ; Rajmic, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis should answer what constitutes audiosignal. It deals with the dictionary learning based on sparse representations of signals. This thesis describing algorithms, which are important for the creation of learning dictionaries. We find a comparison of signal representation using Fourier transform and learned vocabulary. It describes the creation of a database of musical sounds.
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Recognition of music cover versions using Music Information Retrieval techniques
Martinek, Václav ; Zvončák, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kiska, Tomáš (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with designs and implementation of systems for music cover recognition. The introduction part is devoted to the calculation parameters from audio signal using Music Information Retrieval techniques. Subsequently, various forms of cover versions and musical aspects that cover versions share are defined. The thesis also deals in detail with the creation and distribution of a database of cover versions. Furthermore, the work presents methods and techniques for comparing and processing the calculated parameters. Attention is then paid to the OTI method, CSM calculation and methods dealing with parameter selection. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the design of systems for recognizing cover versions. Then there are compared systems already designed for recognizing cover versions. Furthermore, the thesis describes machine learning techniques and evaluation methods for evaluating the classification with a special emphasis on artificial neural networks. The last part of the thesis deals with the implementation of two systems in MATLAB and Python. These systems are then tested on the created database of cover versions.
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Search for a dictionary for audiosignals
Martinek, Václav ; Záviška, Pavel (referee) ; Rajmic, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis should answer what constitutes audio signal. It deals with the dictionary learning based on sparse representations of signals. This thesis describing algorithms, which are important for the creation of learning dictionaries. We find a comparison of signal representation using Fourier transform and learned vocabulary. It describes the creation of a database of musical sounds.
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Study of metabolism air pollutants and mutagens 3-nitrobenzanthrone and 2-nitrobenzanthrone
Čechová, Tereza ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
Nitroaromatic compounds are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances present in environment. Most of nitroaromatic compounds are potent mutagens in bacterial and mammalian systems. They are also carcinogens causing development of tumors, primarily in the liver, lung and mammary glands. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA, 3-nitro-7H-benz [de] anthracene-7-one) is one of the polycyclic aromatic nitro compounds possesing high toxic effects. 3-NBA is an environmental pollutant present in diesel exhaust and was also detected in soil and in rain water. 2-Nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA, 2-nitro-7H-benz [de] anthracene-7-one) is an isomer 3-NBA, which also occurs as a pollutant in air. Although the 2-NBA is a weakly toxic substance, its high abundance in air could exhibit a high health risk to humans. This thesis investigates the metabolism of 3-NBA and its isomeric derivate, isomer 2 NBA, under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. To study the metabolism of these compounds, microsomal systems isolated from the liver of rats pretreated with Sudanem I, -naphthoflavone, phenobarbital, ethanol and pregnenolon 16-carbonitrile (PCN), the inducers of cytochromes P450 1A, 2B, 2E1 and 3A, were used. We also used mouse models, a control mouse line (wild type WT) and mice with deleted gene of NADPH:CYP reductase in the liver, thus absenting...
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Structure and stability of lysozyme - effects of the environment
Toupalová, Kateřina ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
In this Thesis, we studied the stablity of lysozyme solutions with temperature and the influence of alcohols (ethanol, propan-1-ol, 2-methoxyethanol) on lysozyme structure. Within the limits of pH 3 to 10, the protein is rather stable and is not much influenced by concentrations up to 40 % of alcohol (for ethanol and propanol), or 9% of 2-methoxyethanol. Lowering or increase of pH (to 1.9 or 11, respectively) destabilizes the protein to some extent; this effect is more pronounced for the longer alkyl chain of propanol. The temperature stability of lysozyme up to 55 řC observed for solutions with pH 3 and 7 is in accordance with the data in literature, as well as the observation of some thermal denaturation starting between 45 an 50 řC in acidic solution (pH 1.9). Also at alkaline pH, the stability is lowered, and the protein is partially precipitated. Key words: derivative spectroscopy, differece spectroscopy, influence of alcohols, stability of lysozyme
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Interactions of prosthetic material with proteins
Osifová, Zuzana ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of ocular prostheses. This problem is in thesis widely researched. Emphasis is placed on protein adsorption onto synthetic surface. Experimental part of the thesis focuses on lysozyme adsorption onto polymethylmethacrylate surface. Protein adsorption was lower than the specified limit of detection. According to experimental data was this amount lower than 5,37 μg/cm2 . In the thesis was conducted survey on secondary education students' awareness of ocular prosthesis. The results show slightly greater awareness of science-oriented students.
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Asymmetric biotransformation of certain tetralones to tetralols
Andrejch, Jan ; Poljaková, Jitka (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
Preparation of pure enantiomers is very important part of chemical synthesis of industrially and pharmaceutically useful compounds. In recent years traditional chemical synthesis is replaced by biotransformations. Biotransformation means the use of isolated enzymes, enzymatic systems or whole cells in catalysis of chemical reactions. In comparison with chemical synthesis it has certain advantages. In this work the activity of yeast strains Saccharomyces uvarum K8, Saccharomyces cerevisiae K12, Torulopsis azyma K43, Torulopsis sphaerica K46 and Candida tropicalis K49, K51 a K52 in catalysis of reduction 6- bromo-2-tetralone, 7-hydroxy-2-tetralone and 7-methoxy-2-tetralone was studied. Products of these reductions are used in preparation of pharmaceutical drugs. Suitable conditions for biotransformations were found and it was proved that the yeast strains Saccharomyces uvarum K8 and Candida tropicalis K52 are able to produce 2- tetralones with ee greater than 90% with conversion 100% after four-hour biotransformation. This thesis is written in Czech.
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Occurence and importance of the "molten globule" structure in proteins
Plutinský, Martin ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
One part of my work focus on literature review on molten globule theme. This conformational state is generally formed in solution of some proteins under mild denaturation conditions as a thermodynamically stable state. Molten globule-like intermediate is also transiently formed during refolding of proteins. It is assumed and even it was proved for some proteins that kinetic (refolding) intermediate and equilibrium unfolding molten globule is identical. The second part of my work presents conformational study of horse heart ferricytochrome c under acidic conditions in low and high ionic strenght (addition of 0,5 M sodium chloride). Cytochrome c is a mitochondrial protein which mediates electron transfer in respiratory chain. These conformational changes were monitored by UV/VIS and derivative spectrophotometry in four wavelength ranges of absorption spectra - aromatic amino acids absorption range, Soret band, Q-band and CT band. Under high ionic strength probably a molten globule state is stabilized in the pH range 1,90-2,60. However, under low ionic strength, changes in polarity of tryptophane and tyrosine residues vicinity (between pH 2,60 and 2,30) and in spin state of iron atom (around pH 2,10) were observed due to putative denaturation of the protein. (in Czech) (in Czech)
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Synthesis of 5'-UTR of the PSM-E variant of GCPII gene as a standard for RT-PCR
Růžičková, Barbora ; Ingr, Marek (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
PCR method has recently become a key element for the syntesis of genes. In this work two-step DNA synthesis based on PCR was used in order to obtain 5'-UTR of the PSM-E splicing variant of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) which should serve as a standard for qPCR in real time. Another aim of this work was to clone this sequence into the plasmid PCRII-TOPO PSM-E for the purpose of protein expression in insect cells in the baculovirus expression system. In the first PCR the middle section of the 5'-UTR sequence was synthesized. This product was subsequently amplified in the second PCR using the first and last oligonucleotide. The product of the second PCR was ligated into the plasmid pUC19 and E. coli was transformed by tis construct. Sequence correctness was confirmed by sequencing analysis. Subcloning of the insert from pUC19 to pCRII-TOPO PSM-E was carried out and the sequence was checked by sequencing analysis again. The obtained construct was used as a standard in qPCR in real time in order to determine the concentration of the samples of mRNA from the prostate tissues of oncologic patients
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Preparation of recombinant human cytochrome b5
Hálková, Tereza ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
Cytochrome b5 is a small heme protein. There are three isoforms present in human organism, one is located in the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (microsomal cyt b5), second in the outer mitochondrial membrane and the third (soluble form) was found in cytoplasm of matured erythrocytes. The main role of cytochrome b5 is to transport single electron in various reactions including cytochrome P450-dependent reactions. First aim of the thesis was to prepare and to isolate the soluble form of rabbit microsomal cytochrome b5, using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli strain BL-21 Gold. The plasmid pET22b containing synthetic gene for rabbit microsomal cytochrome b5, lacking the sequence encoding the membrane associated C-terminal domain, was used as an expression vector. The second aim was to synthesize the expression vectors carrying genes for human microsomal and erythrocytic cytochromes b5. These genes were prepared by gene synthesis, ligated to cloning vector pUC19, amplified in E. coli DH5α competent cells and their sequences were verified by DNA sequencing. Consequently the pET22b expression vectors containing genes for human microsomal and erythrocytic cytochrome b5 were constructed and finally their suitability for heterologous expression was evaluated. Keywords: Heterologous expression,...
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