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The Story of Teamwork and the Birth of the FFP* (Filter Backpack)
Fraenkl, M. ; Krbal, M. ; Houdek, J. ; Zmrhalová, Z. ; Prokeš, B. ; Hejda, P. ; Slang, S. ; Přikryl, J. ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Makeš, Otakar ; Kostyk, Juraj ; Nasadil, P. ; Malčík, P. ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Vlček, M.
Soon after the outbreak of the coronavirus crisis in the Czech Republic and the first lockdown (2020), we enthusiastically decided to fight the coronavirus with scientific \nmeans. Originally materials engineers, we decided to develop an effective protective respiratory device, which was in short supply at the time. We soon found out, that every textile material (handkerchief 10%) has a certain ability to catch an aerosol particle carrying the corona virus, the slower the aerosol particle (d<300 nm) passes through the filter, the greater the chance it has of being caught, with the thickness of the filter, the amount of passed particles decreases exponentially and breathing resistance increases linearly. On this basis, we decided to experiment with a large-area filter placed on the user's back (it wouldn't fit anywhere else) and commercially available textile filter material.
Plný tet:  PDF
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Atmospheric aerosol in high time resolution
Makeš, Otakar ; Schwarz, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Mikuška, Pavel (referee)
Over the last decades, it has become clear that the size and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol (AA) has a major impact on both human health and a number of processes in the atmosphere. Although there are increasing efforts to describe the behavior of AA, many phenomena are still not sufficiently understood to be able to predict aerosol behavior and associated phenomena to a satisfactory degree. This PhD thesis describes aerosol behavior at high temporal resolution within three main topics. The first topic is the description of the chemical and size composition of the non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) fraction at the Prague - Suchdol suburban station and the study of the influence of meteorological phenomena on the behavior of this aerosol. In order to identify seasonal effects, measurements were carried out in summer and winter. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis was performed in connection with the aerosol description at the station, which identified chemically resolved mass profiles of aerosol sources and their temporal evolution. The second topic is the penetration of aerosol particles from the outdoor to the indoor environment. The influence of particle size and chemical composition on the penetration of particles from the outdoor to the indoor environment was investigated by...
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Comparison of Winter Biomass Burning Source Contribution at National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice Based on AMS and Aethalometer Data.
Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Mbengue, Saliou ; Šerfözö, Norbert ; Pokorná, Petra ; Makeš, Otakar ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Although atmospheric aerosol concentrations exhibit decreasing trend in last decades, the contribution of aerosol emitted by biomass combustion is opposite due to increasing wood combustion used for residential heating. Previous works determined that the share of aerosol of biomass burning origin was up to 50 % in winter. In this work, the data from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) are used to elucidate biomass combustion aerosol impact at National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK) and the results are compared with simple aethalometer model approach.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019110512051 - PDF
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Origin of Atmospheric Aerosol Based on Data with Different Time Resolution at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice.
Pokorná, Petra ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Lhotka, Radek ; Vodička, Petr ; Makeš, Otakar ; Mbengue, Saliou ; Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Ždímal, Vladimír
To improve the air quality the underlying causalities must be well understood,particularly when it comes to aspects such as PM concentration, sources and their origin. The aim of this work was to determine air pollution origin at NAOK based on atmospheric aerosol (AA) data of different time resolution measured during intensive summer campaing.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22019110512031 - PDF
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PM Exposure in Climbing Gyms: Case study of two climbing walls in Prague
Bartošová, Nikola ; Bendl, Jan (advisor) ; Makeš, Otakar (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of high exposure of dust particles PM10, PM2.5 a PM1 in two specific climbing gyms in Prague. The source of these particles is linked to the use of magnesia alba that the climbers use to dry up the skin of their hands. The thesis analyzes the expected correlation between the dust particles concentration and the current number of visitors of the climbing gym. The dust particles are proven to have a negative effect on the health of individuals. The dust particles measured in this thesis are able to penetrate the respiratory tract. The size segregated aerosol was measured using DustTrak DRX. It is a laser nephelometer. In one of the gyms, a gravimetric analysis was performed, using a Harvard impactor that measures the PM10 concentration. All measurements were performed within the period of 20.4.2016 -5.2.2017. In the climbing center Mammut, the PM10 exposure was measured at 0,125 - 0,167 mg*m-3 , which could quadruple in the most frequented time periods. The climbing gym SmíchOFF measured the maximum levels of PM10 at 0,368 - 0,901 mg*m-3 . Both climbing centers exceeded the average daily imission limits for PM10 and PM2.5. From the health perspective, it is recommended to prevent such high exposure levels or lower the concentrations in the climbing gyms by suitable...
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Comparison of Atmospheric Aerosol Volatility at a Rural Site in Central Europe.
Kubelová, Lucie ; Vodička, Petr ; Makeš, Otakar ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Volatility is an important characteristic of atmospheric aerosols as it affects their origin, lifetime and removal. Accurate description of aerosol volatilities is important for models calculating condensation of semi-volatile species and it also enables better identification of aerosol sources (Wu et al., 2009). However, our understanding of volatilities of organic atmospheric aerosols and the related processes is still rather poor (Han et al., 2016.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103113060 - PDF
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A Kitchen Degreaser Containing Monoethanolamine Can Alter Indoor Aerosol Composition for Days.
Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Makeš, Otakar ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Cusack, Michael ; Talbot, Nicholas ; Vodička, Petr ; Kubelová, Lucie ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Using of such degreaser and consequences related to indoor aerosol are described in this study. Monoethanolamine, a part of a commercial degreaser being used in kitchens, was able to replace ammonium in its sulfate and nitrate salts in the indoor environment, while those salts usually form up to half of PM2.5 aerosol mass indoors.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103110530 - PDF
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Transformation of Aerosol Particles during Transport from Outdoor to Indoor Environment.
Ondráček, Jakub ; Talbot, Nicholas ; Kubelová, Lucie ; Makeš, Otakar ; Cusack, Michael ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír
One summer (2014) and one winter (2015) campaign (both lasting three weeks) were conducted to assess the indoor/outdoor physical and chemical properties of aerosol in an unoccupied apartment. The main purpose of these campaigns was to observe the changes in aerosol particles before and after their transport from outdoors to indoors. The most important parameter – the I/O ratio was obtained from indoor/outdoor measurements of aerosol number size distribution as well as chemical composition. The I/O ratios can reveal the changes in particle size and physicochemical characteristics indoors in relation to the size distribution and chemical composition outdoors, and physical parameters such as wind speed, temperature, and RH.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103110370 - PDF
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Seasonal Differences in Volatility of Atmospheric Aerosol at a rural measurement site Košetice.
Kubelová, Lucie ; Vodička, Petr ; Makeš, Otakar ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Volatility is an important characteristics of atmospheric aerosol because it affects formation, conversion and removal of aerosol particles. This study deals with differences in volatility of atmospheric aerosol at rural measurement site Košetice. Analyzes are based on high-time measurements of atmospheric aerosol, including an aerosol mass spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Not only the time variation of mass concentration, but also the daily course of pollutants and the influence of meteorological conditions are discussed.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22317041913181 - PDF
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