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Energy consumption of manual wheat grinding
Mařík, Vojtěch ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Sládek, Vladimír (referee)
In this thesis, the energy consumption during manual wheat grinding was investigated using two historically widespread and important technologies for grain grinding, namely the saddle quern and the rotary quern. This energy consumption was also compared to some anthropometric parameters of the grinding human. The method of indirect calorimetry using Cosmed K5 was used to measure energy expenditure. Bioimpedance scale InBody270 and basic anthropometric tools such as anthropometer and pelvimeter were used to determine selected body parameters.. The energy expenditure of grinding by the rotary quern was also measured by different movement patterns, namely unimanual clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation and bimanual counter-clockwise rotation. Energy expenditure was sampled on 30 women. It was found that although grinding on a saddle quern is an energetically less demanding activity compared to grinding on a rotary quern, significantly more energy is required to grind the same amount of cereal grains (297 kcal/kg grain vs. 109 kcal/kg grain). Clockwise milling was found to be the most energy-efficient variant of milling, while counter-clockwise milling was more energy demanding (clockwise milling 5.48 1.13 kcal/min vs. counter-clockwise milling 6.21 0.87 kcal/min). Anthropometric parameters...
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Mimetics of polypeptide hormones from the insulin family
Mařík, Vojtěch ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Zouhar, Petr (referee)
1 The family of human insulin-like peptide hormones includes insulin, insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and 2), relaxins 1-3, and INSL3-6 polypeptides. These polypeptide hormones share similar 3D structures while retaining a similar disulfide bridge pattern and lower or higher primary sequence similarity. It is supposed that these hormones may have evolved from the same hypothetical evolutionary precursor probably already before evolution of vertebrates. These hormones have different functions from regulating glucose entry into cells and regulating the body's basal energy balance, through fetal development, growth and healing of the organism to important functions in reproduction of organisms. In addition, these peptides may be involved in the development of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, growth disorders but also cancer. Mimetics are compounds that mimic the structure of natural molecules and agonize or antagonize their biological effects. Their main advantage over natural peptide hormones may be in their greater metabolic stability, cheaper production or easier route of administration to the body, but also in altered biological activity. Hormone mimetics can therefore be used for treatment of many diseases. In this review we will focus on the known mimetics of the insulin family of hormones,...
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