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Pathofysiology of a tumour microenvironment of salivary glands cancer
Kuchař, Martin ; Skřivan, Jiří (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jaroslav (referee) ; Lohynská, Radka (referee)
Treatment options for salivary gland carcinomas (SGC), especially advanced ones, are limited. Immunotherapy, particularly therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has brought significant progress and change in the treatment of malignant tumors. The effect and response to immunotherapy using ICI are largely driven by the characteristics of immune cells in the tumor tissue and, as it turns out, also in the peritumoral tissue. We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells as well as tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in samples of salivary carcinomas, separately in their centre and at their periphery. In addition to the above, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that resistance to ICI therapy is modulated by the interaction of the Fas receptor (CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL, CD178) between tumor cells and immune cells. We therefore decided to explore the expression and interaction of Fas-FasL between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the centre of the tumor and in the peritumoral area of salivary carcinoma samples. Differential evaluation of the tumor centre and tumor periphery across various histological subtypes of SGC revealed the role of peripheral TIICs and...
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The time factor in radical radiotherapy of head and neck tumours
Lohynská, Radka ; Stankušová, Hana (advisor) ; Klozar, Jan (referee) ; Feltl, David (referee) ; Odrážka, Karel (referee)
The impact of waiting time and overall treatment time on locoregional control and survival in normofractionated radical radiotherapy for squamous cell head and neck cancer was evaluated. There is evidence for decreased locoregional control of missed radiotherapy treatment days (one week prolongation amounts for 7-10% loss of local control). There are three main compensation methods for treatment gaps (1. weekend treatment days and two fractions per day to catch up; 2. retain overall treatment time and increase dose per fraction; 3. accept protraction and give extra fraction to compensate for gap). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus intensity modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma
Jirkovská, Michaela ; Lohynská, Radka (advisor) ; Pála, Miloslav (referee) ; Mrzena, Lubor (referee)
The treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) requires a multimodality approach. Radiotherapy with combination of chemotherapy has demonstrated to be effective, however, the treatment intensification leads to increased toxicity at the same time. The implementation of "three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy" (3D-CRT) allowed to irradiate the treatment volume more precisely with better surrounding healthy tissue sparing. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) facilitated higher conformity in dose shaping to target volume. IMRT with simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) offered the possibility to deliver individualized dose levels within one fraction and enabled escalation of the dose per fraction and radiotherapy acceleration. The aim of our study was to compare the technique of 3D-CRT and IMRT-SIB in the treatment of LAHNC and evaluate the treatment outcome and the treatment-related toxicity. 262 patients in 3D-CRT group and 263 patients in IMRT-SIB group underwent the radical treatment for LAHNC between 1/1998 and 12/2016. No statistically significant differences in locoregional control (LCR) and overall survival (OS) were found between the two groups. Acute toxicity and xerostomia were significantly reduced in patients treated with IMRT-SIB. IMRT-SIB is a safe radiotherapy...
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The time factor in radical radiotherapy of head and neck tumours
Lohynská, Radka ; Stankušová, Hana (advisor) ; Klozar, Jan (referee) ; Feltl, David (referee) ; Odrážka, Karel (referee)
The impact of waiting time and overall treatment time on locoregional control and survival in normofractionated radical radiotherapy for squamous cell head and neck cancer was evaluated. There is evidence for decreased locoregional control of missed radiotherapy treatment days (one week prolongation amounts for 7-10% loss of local control). There are three main compensation methods for treatment gaps (1. weekend treatment days and two fractions per day to catch up; 2. retain overall treatment time and increase dose per fraction; 3. accept protraction and give extra fraction to compensate for gap). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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