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MRI mapping of brain iron deposition in patients with neurological diseases with a focus on multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
Pudlač, Adam ; Burgetová, Andrea (advisor) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Ryška, Pavel (referee)
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) often manifest similar symptoms. However, the distinction between the two diseases is particularly important for different therapies. The aim of this study is to determine whether these diseases can be distinguished based on cerebral iron deposits in the deep grey matter and whether there is a correlation between iron deposits, local deep grey matter atrophy and clinical severity of the disease. Methods: 40 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 20 patients with NMO and 20 healthy subjects were examined at the MRI department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague from December 2013 to March 2015. All patients with RRMS fulfilled the revised McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of NMO was based on Wingerchuk criteria. All 20 patients with NMO had positive AQP4-IgG. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and volumometry of individual deep gray matter structures were performed. All patients with NMO and MS underwent simultaneous examination by a specialist in demyelinating diseases. Neurological disability was assessed by the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: Patients with NMO have higher magnetic susceptibility values in the substantia nigra compared to healthy controls. Patients with RRMS...
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Possibilities of using advanced MR techniques in pelvic imaging
Ryznarová, Zuzana ; Malíková, Hana (advisor) ; Büchler, Tomáš (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee)
(AJ) The three aims of the work were as follows: 1. Comparison of prostate magnetic resonance (MR) examination results from 1.5 T and 3 T scanners in patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa). MR findings of 103 patients (ages 44-72 years) were compared with histopathological results after radical prostatectomy. The work was focused on the accuracy of predicting local cancer staging and determining prostate tumour location. Patients were divided into three groups (A, B and C) based on the type of MR scanner and protocol used. Patient groups A and B were examined in 1.5T and 3T MR scanners equipped with surface coils in the identical multiparametric MR imaging protocol included dynamic contrast examination (DCE). Patient group C was examined in a 3T MR scanner without DCE. The highest accuracy of predicting the stage of PCa was seen in patients examined in 3 T MR scanner with DCE included in the protocol, however, no significant differences were seen between results from 1.5 T and 3.T MR scanners. No significant difference was also found in the accuracy of determining the location of prostate tumour between 1.5 T and 3T MR examinations, however, there were significant differences between sequences used, with the highest accuracy attained by using a combination of T2 weighted sequences and diffusion...
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Non-invasive vascular imaging of cardiopulmonary thoracic vessels
Weichet, Jiří ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Žižka, Jan (referee)
Methods of non-invasive vascular imaging of thoracic vessels are briefly introducted in the first part of the thesis. Benefits and limitations of CT angiography and MR angiography of the thoracic aorta, pulmonary vessels, great thoracic veins and cardiac vessels are discussed. The main part of the thesis is concerning to pulmonary veins imaging in cohort of patients with atrial fibrilation, who underwent radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins. Aim of the study was to confirm the CT angiography as suitable method of pulmonary veins imaging, to find out frequency of atypical pulmonary veins anatomic arrangement and to measure pulmonary veins diameter in our cohort, including comparison between both sexes. The main purpose of the study was to compare the diameter of pumonary veins before and after the radiofrequency ablation and discover frequency and severity of iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenoses after the procedure. The group of patients planned for biventricular stimulation implantation is presented finally. CT angiography of coronary sinus and his branches was performed before the procedure. Aim of this work was to evaluate whether the CT angiography is proper method for cardiac venous system visualisation and wheather is it possible to choose patients suitable for implantation of left ventricle...
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Possibilities of using advanced MR techniques in pelvic imaging
Ryznarová, Zuzana ; Malíková, Hana (advisor) ; Büchler, Tomáš (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee)
(AJ) The three aims of the work were as follows: 1. Comparison of prostate magnetic resonance (MR) examination results from 1.5 T and 3 T scanners in patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa). MR findings of 103 patients (ages 44-72 years) were compared with histopathological results after radical prostatectomy. The work was focused on the accuracy of predicting local cancer staging and determining prostate tumour location. Patients were divided into three groups (A, B and C) based on the type of MR scanner and protocol used. Patient groups A and B were examined in 1.5T and 3T MR scanners equipped with surface coils in the identical multiparametric MR imaging protocol included dynamic contrast examination (DCE). Patient group C was examined in a 3T MR scanner without DCE. The highest accuracy of predicting the stage of PCa was seen in patients examined in 3 T MR scanner with DCE included in the protocol, however, no significant differences were seen between results from 1.5 T and 3.T MR scanners. No significant difference was also found in the accuracy of determining the location of prostate tumour between 1.5 T and 3T MR examinations, however, there were significant differences between sequences used, with the highest accuracy attained by using a combination of T2 weighted sequences and diffusion...
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Multiple sclerosis and the measurement of T2 relaxation time in the central gray matter structures of the brain
Burgetová, Andrea ; Vaněčková, Manuela (advisor) ; Süssová, Jana (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee)
Objective: The aim is to adduce the quantitative evidence of increased iron accumulation in the basal ganglia in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with the control group. Another aim is to determine the relationship between iron accumulation and other parameters determined in MS: lesion load (LL), brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). Patients and methods: T2 relaxometry (T2) was used for the measurement. 970 patients with clinically defined MS and 117 controls, incl. the MultiechoGrase sequence, were examined by MR to calculate T2. Patients were then divided into 3 subgroups according to LL value and into 3 subgroups according to BPF. T2 was correlated between groups age matched. Conclusions: This work provided quantitative evidence of the increased accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia in patients with MS in comparison with the healthy controls. We subsequently found a higher accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia in the subgroup with a smaller volume of plaques (according to LL) than in healthy controls and in the subgroup with a larger volume of LL. The hypothesis of a neurodegenerative component to this disease is supported by the changes in iron content in the brain.
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Importance of imaging methods in neurology
Drábová, Zuzana ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Kynčl, Martin (advisor)
The nervous sytem is one of the most important organ system of the human body. All the functions of the body are regulated and controlled by the nervous system, which consist of two main divisions: 1. the cerebrospinal nervous system - systema nervosum centrale 2. the peripheral nervous system - systema nervosus periphericum. Neurology is very large branch and that's also the reason why there are use many of the imaging methods which help the neurologists first in the diagnostic. In dissertation I deal with the importance such methods like are e.g. magnetic resosnance imaging (MRI) , computer tomography (CT), digital substraction angiograpgy (DSA) and the other. There will be described a progress of investigation and especially the importance and applying the technology to the neurology. Analysis the role of the radiologic technician in neurology is the separate chapter, where I try to sum up the way of applying the radiologic technician in so-called auxiliary neurological investigations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of radiologist assistant in the diagnostics of injuries and diseases of the locomotive system
Všetečková, Veronika ; Kynčl, Martin (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (advisor)
This theme is very extensive and space for writing about it is limited in my bachelor's work. I targeted the work on role of radiology assistant by doing individual investigations. At the beginning of my bachelor 's work anatomy of musculoskeletal system and her passive and active parts are described. Than I would like to give details of main investigation's methods of musculoskeletal system, describe situation of the indication and differences in displaying various part of musculoskeletal system. In the next part of my bachelor's work I wrote more details about basic principles of the main methods, indications and contraindications of the main methods, role of radiology assistant by using one of the main methods and benefits and disadvantages these main methods. At the end of my bachelor's work I compared role of radiology assistant doing the investigation with using the different main methods (as CT, MR, X-ray, sonography, scintigraphy) and time, physical and technical intensity of the methods. Research comparing of knee - joint's investigations with using three methods of the main methods is too the part of my bachelor's work. I selected investigation of knee - joint because of it is a typical investigation of musculoskeletal system. Research comparing of knee - joint's investigations expertise role of...
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The role of radiologist assistant in diagnostic examination of the brain
Váchová, Kateřina ; Kynčl, Martin (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis describes the role of the radiological assistant in diagnostic examination methods, while the brain was chosen as the examined area. The introductory part deals with brain anatomy; as for its anatomical composition, the brain shows a very complex nature, and therefore I focus only on fundamental anatomical structures in this thesis. The essential principle of CT and MR is explained, as well as structural elements of the apparatuses, their types, types of sequences and ways of display. Contrast substances are applied in a considerable number of examinations, they are thus mentioned in this thesis, as well. Another important issue concerns radiation protection when working with ionizing sources. The next part describes the most significant examinations and the radiological assistant's role in such examinations. Fundamental imaging methods of examining the brain include computer tomography and magnetic resonance. These methods make it possible to localize accurately and very quickly intracranial bleeding, tumours, inflammations, development anomalies, degenerative changes, vascular malformations and their complications, necroses, traumas etc. The final part of this thesis compares the advantages, drawbacks and benefits of each of the methods mentioned. The thesis includes a research part, as well....
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Sec. Progressive Form of Multiple Sclerosis : Brain Atrophy and Leasion Load in MRI
Mašek, Martin ; Seidl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Süssová, Jana (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee)
Secondary progressive form of multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is characterized by a steady progression of clinical neurological damage with or without superimposed relapses and minor remissions and plateaus. Patients who develop SPMS will have previously experienced a period of RRMS, most of the untreated patients with RRMS will go on to develop SPMS in 10-20 years, time to transition is prolonged with a proper therapy. Based on clinical status alone, it is difficult to precisely establish when RRMS converts to SPMS although it is clearly important for appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to monitor the interaction between the clinical manifestation of the SPMS expressed in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and abnormal findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Twelve patients diagnosed with SPMS were included in this study, once a year the evaluation of the clinical status of the patient expressed in EDSS was performed, usually at the time of MRI examination. All patients underwent a MRI examination every 12 months for 3 years. Utilizing a special program developed in our Institution , the following parameters were evaluated during each MRI examination: brain tissue volume (brain atrophy status), lesion load in FLAIR sequence, volume of ""black holes"" (volume of...
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