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Water retention in mountain soils - case study Šumava Mts.
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kvítek, Tomáš (referee) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee)
The thesis deals with water retention potential in soils of experimental catchment areas in Šumava Mts. Water storage in the lanscape is a question not only of the water storage capacity, but also of the infiltration rate or total redistribution of infiltrated water in the soil environment. This chosen topic is analyzed by detailed pedological survey, processing and evaluation of rainfall events, chemistry of stream water and methods of stable isotopes hydrogen and oxygen and methods based on dyes or tracers. The runoff formation process in the Šumava Mts. is connected with the presence of hydromorphous soils as Histosols and their water saturation. Histosols and similar types of soils form a considerable supply of water in dry seasons, however, water is mainly retained in soil with a minimal impact on local streams. In the period of high saturation, the volume of outflow increases due to surface runoff and preferential pathways. At mineral soils in the Šumava region deep percolation usually occurs into aquifers in the subsoil, which then can supply springs during dry periods. From the agricultural exploited parts of the Šumava Mts., the meadow basins have higher retention capacity thanks to the drainage systems. On the other hand, soil surface and drainage systems of local meadows accelerate the...
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Hydrological function of peat bogs and peat water properties of the Vydra River headwaters
Doležal, Tomáš ; Kocum, Jan (advisor) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
The retention potential of landscapes, along with the water regime of spring areas, are important hydrological topics of research, particularly in the current context of increasing extreme drought frequencies. The present work is focused on monitoring the mountain peat bogs, which, due to their overall frequency of occurrence in the spring area of the Vydra river, represent a significant constituent of the rainfall-runoff process of the area of interest. The specific hydropedological features of the organogenous soils (Histosol type soil) provide the high retention potential of the area, however, the influence of these soils on the runoff process is determined by complex physicogeographical factors. The general opinion on the hydrological function of the peat bogs has changed in recent years and the most important factor in the runoff formation in the mountain area of the Šumava Mts. is now thought to be the actual saturation of the headwater, which is predominantly composed of hydromorphic and organogenous soils. The organogenous soils are significant water reservoirs and have an important impact on the landscape. However, they may also intensify the extreme values of the watercourses during extreme precipitation events. The fundamental part of this work focuses on detailed observations of the...
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Influence of soil matter and different land cover on the runoff process (experimental research in the paired catchments Zbytiny)
Královec, Václav ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee) ; Černohous, Vladimír (referee)
The doctoral thesis deals with the evaluation of influences of causal factors that significantly affect runoff processes in landscape. The research is mainly focused on the examination of land and soil cover impacts and partially pays attention to the effects of surface drainage and snow cover. The main effort was to find out the extent of influences of each individual factor on runoff from a different type of landscape. In order to find the correct answer, a methodical approach was applied to small experimental paired catchments where the research has been continuously undergoing since the year of 2006 (the presented results have been collected for 11 years of observations). The small experimental paired catchments are located at the foothills of the Šumava Mountains and they represent small area neighbouring catchments of similar physical-geographic and hydrographic conditions. The catchments were selected as the comparative ones where the main differences are the landscape and soil cover. Moreover, the character of surface drainage is regarded to be an important variable. In the catchment area of the Zbytinský Brook, there predominates the grassland which is largely drained by the subsurface drainage system. In the catchment area of the Tetřívčí Brook the dominant cover is formed by the forest...
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Water retention in mountain soils - case study Šumava Mts.
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kvítek, Tomáš (referee) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee)
The thesis deals with water retention potential in soils of experimental catchment areas in Šumava Mts. Water storage in the lanscape is a question not only of the water storage capacity, but also of the infiltration rate or total redistribution of infiltrated water in the soil environment. This chosen topic is analyzed by detailed pedological survey, processing and evaluation of rainfall events, chemistry of stream water and methods of stable isotopes hydrogen and oxygen and methods based on dyes or tracers. The runoff formation process in the Šumava Mts. is connected with the presence of hydromorphous soils as Histosols and their water saturation. Histosols and similar types of soils form a considerable supply of water in dry seasons, however, water is mainly retained in soil with a minimal impact on local streams. In the period of high saturation, the volume of outflow increases due to surface runoff and preferential pathways. At mineral soils in the Šumava region deep percolation usually occurs into aquifers in the subsoil, which then can supply springs during dry periods. From the agricultural exploited parts of the Šumava Mts., the meadow basins have higher retention capacity thanks to the drainage systems. On the other hand, soil surface and drainage systems of local meadows accelerate the...
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Evolution of deficit volumes and mean and low flows in the Czech Republic.
Fiala, Theodor ; Hladný, Josef (advisor) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee) ; Majerčáková, Olga (referee)
The presented work deals with the evolution of river flows in the Czech Republic in the last few decades with a focus on hydrological drought. It starts with a detailed review of literature that concerns drought, its types, causes and impacts. It includes a list of the most frequently used methods of drought quantification and a review of papers on past and future trends of flows in the Czech Republic and Europe. Further, it describes how a new period for the evaluation of hydrological characteristics, which have been issued by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, were selected. The period of 1931-1980 has become out of date and the selection of a new period was requested. Following a number of statistical tests, the period of 1961-2005 was selected. The new period was evaluated regarding the trends of mean annual and monthly discharges. Mean annual flows did not show significant shifts. On the contrary, significant trends were found in mean monthly flows. Increasing trends in discharges of winter months and decreasing trends in spring months correspond with results of other studies which dealt with flows in Central Europe. The period of 1961-2005 was later reviewed and the current norm is 1981-2010. After the evaluation of mean flows, the characteristics of hydrological drought were analysed....
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