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Options computed tomography with high resolution in the diagnosis pulmonary complications in haematological malignancies
Mírka, Hynek ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Neuwirth, Jiří (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Value of HRCT in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications of malignant haematologic diseases. Early diagnosis is one of the essential conditions for successful therapy of heamatologic malignancies and their complications. Imaging methods play an important role in their detection and patient's management. HRCT is the most contributing method in the diagnostics of pulmonary involvement, which is very common in this group of patients. The aim of this thesis was to find out the potential of this method in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications in patients with haematologic malignancy. For this purpose were assessed 4 objectives: 1) comparison between HRCT and chest X-ray; 2) determination of capability of HRCT to make a specific diagnose; 3) definition of indication criteria for HRCT and 4) assignment of the suitable examination technique. In the time period from January 2000 until December 2005 were performed 214 HRCT examinations of the lungs in the group of 162 patients with haematological malignancy and pulmonary symptomatology. 176 examinations were compared with chest X-ray, which was performed 48 hours or less before HRCT. Pulmonary lesion was discovered in 180 cases (84,1%). 123 findings were confirmed by another method (response to a specific therapy, cultivation, serology, BAL or...
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EVALUATION OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND CALCIUM SCORE IN HEMODIALYSIST PATIENTS
Ohlídalová, Kristýna ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Neuwirth, Jiří (referee) ; Tůma, Stanislav (referee)
Origin of renal osteodystrophy and cardiovascular complications are multifactorial. This complications are caused by disorders of calcium - phosphate metabolism already at the beginning of patient's irreversible renal failure. The factors playing the most important part in the development o renal ostedystrophy and are hypocalcemia and increasing serum phosphate levels associated with a declining glomerulal filtration. Two main types of renal osteodystrophy can be described - high turnover bone disease and low turnover disease. High turnover forms of renal osteodystrophy are characterized by rapid bone turnover caused by abnormally high PTH levels. The two types of high turnover renal osteodystrophy are predominant hyperparathyroid bone disease, and mixed uremic osteodystrophy. Low turnover forms of renal osteodystrophy are characterized by a dramatic drop in the rate of bone remodeling, caused by oversuppression of PTH and/or by aluminum accumulation. The bones become thin and overly flexible, and bowing may occur. The two types of low turnover renal osteodystrophy are low turnover uremic osteodystrophy and aluminum-related bone disease. Patients who have end-stage renal disease with increased serum phosphate levels and calciumphosphate products are associated with an increased prevalence of ectopic...
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Avascular necrosis by adults
Kunešová, Martina ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Šprindrich, Jan (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
The author evaluates the role of imaging methods in diagnosis of AVN of the femoral head. She foccuses especially on MRI, she finds this imaging modality the most suitable in diagnosis of early stages of AVN. In therapy of AVN, revitalizing operation on the femoral head with using surgical diamond instruments is a promising therapeutical procedure. The author summarizes short term results in group of pacients who underwent revitalizing operation. The special attention is given to pacients after renal trasplantation. In this group of renal transplant recipients the author suggests MRI as a screening method for early detection of AVN of femoral head during the first year after transplantation. In the last part of report, the author evaluates using MRI in acute fracture of proximal femur. She suggests MRI of the hip as a method of choice in concrete age group of pacients (about between 40-65 years). Considering this pacients, the method significantly helps in choosing of adequate therapy and the proper type of surgical approach.
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Non-invasive vascular imaging of cardiopulmonary thoracic vessels
Weichet, Jiří ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Žižka, Jan (referee)
Methods of non-invasive vascular imaging of thoracic vessels are briefly introducted in the first part of the thesis. Benefits and limitations of CT angiography and MR angiography of the thoracic aorta, pulmonary vessels, great thoracic veins and cardiac vessels are discussed. The main part of the thesis is concerning to pulmonary veins imaging in cohort of patients with atrial fibrilation, who underwent radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins. Aim of the study was to confirm the CT angiography as suitable method of pulmonary veins imaging, to find out frequency of atypical pulmonary veins anatomic arrangement and to measure pulmonary veins diameter in our cohort, including comparison between both sexes. The main purpose of the study was to compare the diameter of pumonary veins before and after the radiofrequency ablation and discover frequency and severity of iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenoses after the procedure. The group of patients planned for biventricular stimulation implantation is presented finally. CT angiography of coronary sinus and his branches was performed before the procedure. Aim of this work was to evaluate whether the CT angiography is proper method for cardiac venous system visualisation and wheather is it possible to choose patients suitable for implantation of left ventricle...
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EVALUATION OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND CALCIUM SCORE IN HEMODIALYSIST PATIENTS
Ohlídalová, Kristýna ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Neuwirth, Jiří (referee) ; Tůma, Stanislav (referee)
Origin of renal osteodystrophy and cardiovascular complications are multifactorial. This complications are caused by disorders of calcium - phosphate metabolism already at the beginning of patient's irreversible renal failure. The factors playing the most important part in the development o renal ostedystrophy and are hypocalcemia and increasing serum phosphate levels associated with a declining glomerulal filtration. Two main types of renal osteodystrophy can be described - high turnover bone disease and low turnover disease. High turnover forms of renal osteodystrophy are characterized by rapid bone turnover caused by abnormally high PTH levels. The two types of high turnover renal osteodystrophy are predominant hyperparathyroid bone disease, and mixed uremic osteodystrophy. Low turnover forms of renal osteodystrophy are characterized by a dramatic drop in the rate of bone remodeling, caused by oversuppression of PTH and/or by aluminum accumulation. The bones become thin and overly flexible, and bowing may occur. The two types of low turnover renal osteodystrophy are low turnover uremic osteodystrophy and aluminum-related bone disease. Patients who have end-stage renal disease with increased serum phosphate levels and calciumphosphate products are associated with an increased prevalence of ectopic...
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The occurrence of the ossifications in human costal cartilages - radiograph-scan, histological and histochemical study
Rejtarová, Olga ; Slížová, Dáša (advisor) ; Kreuzberg, Boris (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
The costal cartilages belong to the group of the permanent cartilages, as well as thyroid, tracheal and the articular cartilages. These cartilages ossify incompletly or do not ossify at all. The ossification of the caudal costal and the articular cartilages is considered to be a manifestation of degeneration, although according to the recent studies the ossification of the thyroid, the tracheal and the first rib cartilages is physiological. The costal cartilage ossification begins at a different age but only in a certain percentage of people. The female and the male pattern of ossification is different. Although the etiology and the occurence of ossification in various populations were studied very deeply, even at the microscopic level, still a lot of questions are not ansvered. Due to the heterogeneity and insuficiency of the data in the Czech literature we decided to evaluate the incidence of the costal cartilage ossification in the sample of the Czech population. We decided to verify the presence of the sexual dimorfism of the ossification and describe the development of the ossification changes at the microscopic level for better understanding of the ossification of human costal cartilage. There are two parts of our study. We used radiograms for the radiological part of the study. We studied...
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Avascular necrosis by adults
Kunešová, Martina ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Šprindrich, Jan (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
The author evaluates the role of imaging methods in diagnosis of AVN of the femoral head. She foccuses especially on MRI, she finds this imaging modality the most suitable in diagnosis of early stages of AVN. In therapy of AVN, revitalizing operation on the femoral head with using surgical diamond instruments is a promising therapeutical procedure. The author summarizes short term results in group of pacients who underwent revitalizing operation. The special attention is given to pacients after renal trasplantation. In this group of renal transplant recipients the author suggests MRI as a screening method for early detection of AVN of femoral head during the first year after transplantation. In the last part of report, the author evaluates using MRI in acute fracture of proximal femur. She suggests MRI of the hip as a method of choice in concrete age group of pacients (about between 40-65 years). Considering this pacients, the method significantly helps in choosing of adequate therapy and the proper type of surgical approach.
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|
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Non-invasive vascular imaging of cardiopulmonary thoracic vessels
Weichet, Jiří ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Žižka, Jan (referee)
Methods of non-invasive vascular imaging of thoracic vessels are briefly introducted in the first part of the thesis. Benefits and limitations of CT angiography and MR angiography of the thoracic aorta, pulmonary vessels, great thoracic veins and cardiac vessels are discussed. The main part of the thesis is concerning to pulmonary veins imaging in cohort of patients with atrial fibrilation, who underwent radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins. Aim of the study was to confirm the CT angiography as suitable method of pulmonary veins imaging, to find out frequency of atypical pulmonary veins anatomic arrangement and to measure pulmonary veins diameter in our cohort, including comparison between both sexes. The main purpose of the study was to compare the diameter of pumonary veins before and after the radiofrequency ablation and discover frequency and severity of iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenoses after the procedure. The group of patients planned for biventricular stimulation implantation is presented finally. CT angiography of coronary sinus and his branches was performed before the procedure. Aim of this work was to evaluate whether the CT angiography is proper method for cardiac venous system visualisation and wheather is it possible to choose patients suitable for implantation of left ventricle...
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Options computed tomography with high resolution in the diagnosis pulmonary complications in haematological malignancies
Mírka, Hynek ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Neuwirth, Jiří (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Value of HRCT in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications of malignant haematologic diseases. Early diagnosis is one of the essential conditions for successful therapy of heamatologic malignancies and their complications. Imaging methods play an important role in their detection and patient's management. HRCT is the most contributing method in the diagnostics of pulmonary involvement, which is very common in this group of patients. The aim of this thesis was to find out the potential of this method in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications in patients with haematologic malignancy. For this purpose were assessed 4 objectives: 1) comparison between HRCT and chest X-ray; 2) determination of capability of HRCT to make a specific diagnose; 3) definition of indication criteria for HRCT and 4) assignment of the suitable examination technique. In the time period from January 2000 until December 2005 were performed 214 HRCT examinations of the lungs in the group of 162 patients with haematological malignancy and pulmonary symptomatology. 176 examinations were compared with chest X-ray, which was performed 48 hours or less before HRCT. Pulmonary lesion was discovered in 180 cases (84,1%). 123 findings were confirmed by another method (response to a specific therapy, cultivation, serology, BAL or...
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