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Incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerotic changes in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood or adolescence
Čepelová, Michaela ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Papajík, Tomáš (referee)
The survival of children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma has improved dramatically over the last decades, but even young adult long-term survivors are at increased risk of developing multiple cardiovascular late sequelae of previous treatment. We evaluated the presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity) in young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, who were disease- free for a minimum of 10 years after the end of their treatment, and in age- and gender- matched healthy volunteers. We assumed higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors together with earlier development of atherosclerotic changes in this specific population. All survivors and volunteers uderwent physical examination, duplex ultrasonography of both common carotid arteries, all participants completed questionnaire on their eating habits and physical activities We performed biochemical analyses, including lipid profile, fasting glucose and insulin levels, markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The HL survivors showed unfavorable lipid profiles, markers of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation compared to those of healthy controls. We found a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and...
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Pavelka, Jan ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Clinical trials have documented beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on health. Regular dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs decreases the risk of cardiovascular dieseas. n-3 PUFAs may be a safe and effective supplement to drug treatment for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. n-3 PUFAs show antiatherogenic properties; e.g. they decrease inflammation, stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and prevent other chronic deseases. For primary prevention it is recommended to eat fish at least twice a week, people with documented coronary heart disease should consume 1 gram of n-3 PUFAs daily. Fish oil and oily fish (losos, tuna, trout, mackerel) are rich in EPA and DHA. ALA is found e.g. in flax seed oil.
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Mutant apo A-I in treatment of chronic arterial closure and prevention of atherosclerosis
Simonides, Jan ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of my thesis "mutant apoA-I in the treatment of chronic arterial occlusions and prevention of atherosclerosis "falls into the area which I long-term interest. I have always been interested in is rather an internal issue and to especially the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and prevention. This thesis has helped me to better orient in such a wide issues such as atherosclerosis, pathogenesis, and treatment with the latest procedures, although in some cases, while only experimental.
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Metabolism of Iron And Insulin Resistance
Křenovský, Pavel ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
Thesis topic "The metabolism of iron and insulin resistance" gives an overview of the current problem of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance as a major component of the syndrome X. There is mentioned classification criteria for the MS, including the most recent in 2005 by IDF (International Diabetes Federation). The paper examines the mechanism of action of insulin at the cellular level, with an emphasis on "locus minorit resistentiae" in postreceptor signaling cascade of insulin in relation to the emergence of insulin resistance. Conclusion The first chapter is devoted to one of the most complex methods of prevention of insulin resistance - physical activity, the expression of molecular mechanisms affecting the IR due to exercise. The second chapter we give to the problems of iron metabolism. Particular attention is paid to the absorption of iron and regulate its metabolism, which is very much applied fairly recently discovered peptide hepcidin. Conclusion Chapter preventive recommendations are due to adverse effects of excessive stocks of iron in the body in terms of insulin sensitivity. There is mentioned also the findings of several studies exploring the relationship of metabolic syndrome and its major components, including insulin resistance with regard to the amount of iron stored and...
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The role of intracellular iron in lymfo/monocytes in atherogenesis process
Riško, Peter ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
THE ROLE OF INTRACELLULAR IRON IN LYMFO/MONOCYTES IN ATHEROGENETIC PROCESS MUDr. Peter Riško Background: The increased storage iron level is connected to a higher frequency of cardiovascular events (CVE). Aims and hypothesis: The study investigates the relationship between LIP (labile iron pool) in circulating monocytes and markers of iron metabolism and atherosclerosis (inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and arterial elasticity) in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease and in healthy volunteers and in long-term blood donors and healthy non-donor volunteers. Methods: A detailed medical history was obtained from the probands and anthropometric measurements (body height, weight and waist, calculation of body mass index and waist-hip ratio) were performed. The following parameters were measured / calculated for all respondents: blood pressure (systolic / diastolic), ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), augmentation index (AI), pre-ejection time (PEP) and ejection time (ET), sonographic examination of abdomen and carotid arteries were performed. Blood samples were collected in the morning after at least 10 hours of fasting. We performed a basic biochemical examination and measured the parameters of inflammation,...
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Iron metabolism, oxidative stress and progression of atherosclerosis
Syrovátka, Petr ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Vokurka, Martin (referee)
Ferritin, oxidative stress and insulin resistance Aim: The aim of our cross-sectional study was to assess the relationships between body iron stores, oxidative stress and impaired insulin sensitivity in a cohort of healthy men in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods: We examined 151 volunteers, aged 35- 60 years. Anthropometric parameters, markers of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, parameters of oxidative stress and parameters of endothelial dysfunction were measured. Results: Ferritin correlated positively with waist circumference, body mass index, impaired insulin sensitivity, plasma triglycerides and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We observed positive correlations between ferritin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and advanced oxidation protein products after adjustment for age, waist circumference, body mass index and measured inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, triglycerides, waist circumference and elevated transaminases were independent determinants of the serum ferritin level. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for a relationship between plasma ferritin and oxidative modification of lipids as...
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Monocyte adhesion to endothelium and atherogenesis
Kauerová, Soňa ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (advisor) ; Kraml, Pavel (referee) ; Kuneš, Jaroslav (referee)
Despite the availability of effective therapy of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, cardiovascular mortality continues to be very high in the Western world. Inflammatory changes occurring in the arterial wall as well as in the adipose tissue play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. Macrophages are involved in the process of atherogenesis as early as atherosclerosis begins to develop, when, still as monocytes, they migrate and adhere to the arterial wall as a result of endothelial activation and stimulation by pro-inflammatory substances. Adipose tissue has long been recognized as an important endocrine organ, with part of adipose tissue made up by a large amount of macrophages capable of producing a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation important in the development of atherosclerosis. In samples of subcutaneous, visceral and perivascular adipose tissue (SAT, VAT, and PVAT, respectively) obtained from healthy subjects (living kidney donors, LKD), we analyzed macrophages and their polarization, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the effect of substances released by VAT on the level of monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. In some analyses, we included samples of SAT, VAT and PVAT obtained...
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The size of individual lipoproteins in various pathological conditions
Dušejovská, Magdaléna ; Žák, Aleš (advisor) ; Kalousová, Marta (referee) ; Kraml, Pavel (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent two clinical- pathologic states with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications with considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients. The knowledge about the changes in distribution of individual lipoprotein subfractions could countribute to the estimation of risk of atherosclerosis development. The studies presented in this thesis aimed at analyses of subfractions of LDL and HDL in the abovementioned pathologic states; moreover, we tried to elucidate the associations of changes in lipoprotein subfractions with clinical as well as biochemical alterations. The Study I was a placebo controlled study observing the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (PUFA n-3) administration to patients with MS who were divided to statin-treated ones (36 patients), and those without statin therapy (24 probands). The Study II comprised of 57 patients with ESRD on high volume haemodiafiltration (HV-HDF). In this Study, the parameters after 5-year follow-up were compared with baseline characteristics. Also, we included comparisons with the control group of 50 age and sex matched patients without the signs of ESRD. In Study I, we observed lowering of triacylglycerol and cholesterol content in VLDL...
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Iron metabolism, oxidative stress and progression of atherosclerosis
Syrovátka, Petr ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Vokurka, Martin (referee)
Ferritin, oxidative stress and insulin resistance Aim: The aim of our cross-sectional study was to assess the relationships between body iron stores, oxidative stress and impaired insulin sensitivity in a cohort of healthy men in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods: We examined 151 volunteers, aged 35- 60 years. Anthropometric parameters, markers of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, parameters of oxidative stress and parameters of endothelial dysfunction were measured. Results: Ferritin correlated positively with waist circumference, body mass index, impaired insulin sensitivity, plasma triglycerides and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We observed positive correlations between ferritin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and advanced oxidation protein products after adjustment for age, waist circumference, body mass index and measured inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, triglycerides, waist circumference and elevated transaminases were independent determinants of the serum ferritin level. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for a relationship between plasma ferritin and oxidative modification of lipids as...
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