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Philosophy of Science and its Moments in Comparison of Schools of Economic Thought
Kovanda, Lukáš ; Sojka, Milan (advisor) ; Půlpán, Karel (referee)
The main aim of this work is to examine compound relationships between economics and philosophy of science. We seek to sketch out crucial tendencies in this sphere which took place especially during 20th century, e.g. modernism/postmodernism and positivism/postpositivism etc., and, then, to outline four potential possibilities of the future image of economics. Accordingly, this work is divided into two plans which pervade each other. In the context of the first plan's comparison of neo-classical and post-Keynesian, in Larry Laudan's term, research traditions in economics, we conclude, that, to the more or less extent, there is an influence of the philosophy of science on economics. Thus, we also argue that every economist, who advocates any particular theory or model, should be familiar, at least to the certain degree, with the specific world view which is always, under any research tradition, implicitly or explicitly, underlying them. In the second plan of this work, we introduce, as we have said, four "scenarios of the future development in the field of economics". To the more or less extent arbitrarily, though arguably, we have chosen few well distinguished economists and other scientists, like Sheila C. Dow, Arjo Klamer, David Colander, D. Wade Hands, Bruce J. Caldwell, and Fritjof Capra, to...
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Model of Economic Impact of the Hypothetical Implementation of Guaranteed Income in the Czech Republic on the basis of data from 2015
Busta, David ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor´s thesis compares models of social systems based on basic income and negative income tax with the current system. The first model represents the current system. Two models are based on the concept of basic income. One of them is funded through value-added tax, the other is funded through income tax. The last model is based on negative income tax. All models replace all the social incomes with basic income or negative income tax. The comparison is based on absolute differences, tax burdens and changes in income inequality, which is measured by Lorenz's curve and Gini's coefficient. The results indicate that the introduction of new systems would be relatively costly. The lowest income groups would benefit most.
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The role of bank loans to non-financial corporations in a business cycle
Kavalírek, Jan ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis introduces Austrian theory of business cycles and analyses equilibrium of savings and investments together with the transmission mechanism between savings, deposits, loans and investments. The practical part of the thesis explores business cycle and credit cycle. It analyses an excessive loan expansion of commercial banks together with a excessively expansive policy of central bank. The thesis deals with a procyclical action of commercial banks and contemporary tools of central bank with their limited effectiveness. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the possible adjustments of monetary policy with the emphasis on the macroprudential policy and its individual credit indicators. The end of the thesis deals with the method of credit rationing and with the imbalance between demand and supply at the credit market of non-financial corporations, which is modelled using the technique of disequilibrium model.
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Assessment of the EU Eastern Partnership and its application in cooperation with selected African countries
Pimpara, Patrik ; Kolman, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of this theses is to evaluate the EU's Eastern Partnership and to make conclusions from the possibility of cooperation with the countries of Africa. The Theses answers the question, how to deal with immigration from Africa in the place of origin. Investigated area includes Eastern Partnership and the problems of Africa due to historical factors. The findings indicate, that although the beginning of approach to the Eastern Partnership of the EU was not suitable, in the final consequence it lead to improvement and benefit from the partnership, for both parties. Historical reasons for African problems are slavery, colonialism and totalitarian regimes after independence. The Eastern Partnership is based on principles, that are currently in needed to correct in African countries. The Theses suggests that the potential partnership would help improve the situation of African countries.
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Odhad disparit v zacházení s cizizími statními příslušníky v trestním procesu v České Republice
Vávra, Jan ; Dušek, Libor (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis examines the effect of foreign nationality on the outcomes of criminal process in the Czech Republic. Foreign citizens are overrepresented by 2% compared to their share in population in all stages of the criminal process, suggesting possible discrimination by domestic authorities. Using rich case level datasets from 2005 to 2015 observed gaps are decomposed to part explained by a difference in the objective characteristics of the cases and unexplained part, suggesting possible inequality of treatment. Foreigner gaps in probability of charge, probability of conviction, probability of imprisonment, length of the sentence and probability of release from prison on parole are decomposed. Majority of observed disparities in the outcomes can be attributed to higher involvement of foreigners in more serious crimes compared to nationals. Unexplained disparities remain in probability of imprisonment and probability of release on parole, suggesting possible unequal treatment in these two outcomes.
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Is Pavel Novak More Employable than Hoang Nguyen?
Kvapil, Martin ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies ethnic discrimination in Czech Republics labour market with a correspondence test. To each of 395 job openings two simmilar résumé of fictional applicants were sent. The correspondence testing method reveals discriminatory practices at the initial stage of recruitment process. The probability for Vietnamese people to receive interview is lower than for Czechs by 12 percentage points. This finding is interpreted as an evidence for statistical disrcrimination. Questionnaire survey was conducted with 55 hiring decision-makers for the purpose of explanation employers motives to discriminate. Low Czech language proficiency of Vietnamese people was expected by employers, leading to statistical discrimination.
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The Crisis Of the Sales Of Printed Media In the Czech Republic From 2006 To 2016 and How to Face It
Kubík, Vojtěch ; Barák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the decrease in total sales of printed newspapers in the Czech Republic in the period from 2006 to 2016 and seeking recommendations for media houses to counter this trend. The thesis also looks for the reason of the increasing total sales of Forbes magazine in the Czech Republic, that is considered as an exception. The theoretical part is about printed media: about its history, economics, quantity demanded and supplied after the newspapers, and finally this part includes the section about history and expansion of Forbes. In the empirical part, there is an analysis of the market and an econometric model that confirms the hypothesis of a decline in the sales of newspapers at the expense of the increase of the internet availability. There is also an analysis of the questionnaire "Profile of the readers of the Czech Forbes magazine," and the empirical part also consists of comparison of the Czech Forbes with the American version, respectively with competing titles on the Czech market.
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Long-time or short-time rental
Machalický, Jakub ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the factors affecting short-term and long-term rentals in Prague. Significant factors for short-term rental are: number of guests, number of bedrooms, existence of a lift and positional factors. Significant factors for long-term rentals are: the condition of the property, its layout and space, parking, existence of a lift and positional factors. The next part of the thesis is searched situations where it is better for owners to do short-times rentals. The occupancy rate is used for it. The minimum occupancy rate is calculated for situations where it is better for owners to do short-times rentals.
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PATENTOVÁ PŘIHLÁŠKA JAKO NÁSTROJ CENOVÉ A KONKURENČNÍ POLITIKY FIRMY
Mráz, Radim ; Vozárová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
Thesis analyses relevance of patent application in competitive and price policy of company. Patents are generally current topic, patents have significant impact on the market structure. Filing a patent application is the first step to granting a patent. Base of the thesis is economic model, which is built to be as much similar as possible with real market of the company. That company provided to me data which are necessary for this thesis. Entire model is built on decision making of that company about development start and filing patent application. In the end of this thesis there are substituted real company data into the model. This substitution proves that filing the patent application has significant impact on competitive situation on the market.
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Do the sales of new passanger vehicles develop procyclically?
Brožová, Dominika ; Kovanda, Lukáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
The thesis is focused on verifying the pro-cyclical relationship of sales of new passenger cars in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the subsequent evaluation of the impact of macroeconomic variables in the period from the first quarter of 2005 to the third quarter of 2015. In total, there are four different models estimated of multiple linear regressions of car sales, where for the Czech R. the estimation of different sectors of households and firms is available as well. By comparing the Czech R. and Slovakia regarding aggregate sales, fuel prices and gross domestic products are especially crucial and the pro-cyclical relationship is successfully verified. The economic crisis at the turn of 2008-2009 hit especially Slovakia, while the effect in the Czech R. was offset by a positive shock to fuel prices. For the model of households the procyclical relationship is denied unlike from the model of firms, shock to GDP therefore only deviate sales to firms. For Czech R. is also confirmed a significant relationship of the sales with interest rate or population growth.
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