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Methods for detection of impaired immune response in cardiac-surgical patients
Kormundová, Nikola ; Koláčková, Martina (advisor) ; Filipp, Dominik (referee)
In patients after cardiac surgery, there is an increase in the level of molecules with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This increase is influenced by the patient's clinical condition, but also by the nature of the operation itself, which uses conventional extracorporeal circulation. This technique leads to damage to blood elements by direct contact with air and parts of the extracorporeal circulation, as well as to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The specifics of cardiac surgery then affect possible postoperative complications such as multiorgan failure or septic shock. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the principle and influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the human body and the complications that are associated with its use. Furthermore, IFN-γ is described herein as a potential marker of septic conditions that could reflect the clinical postoperative condition of patients. The practical part of the diploma thesis monitored the percentage change of selected cell populations and the production of IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of patients before and after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the response of individual isolated populations of healthy volunteers to selected stimulators was investigated. The percentage of...
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Inflammatory response induced by cardiac surgery with the use of cardio-pulmonary bypass; the impact of methylprednisolone
Koláčková, Martina ; Krejsek, Jan (advisor) ; Lonský, Vladimír (referee) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee)
Most elderly people aged over 60 suffer from coronary artery disease (CAD), which can become very likely cause of death. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) represents the standard way of treatment for CAD. CABG surgery is traditionally performed on an arrested heart with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The heart is usually accessed through a median sternotomy. Although this kind of surgery strongly stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, inflammatory response is self-terminating and only a small percentage of patients develop serious postoperative complications, such as organ failure, wound dehiscence, and sepsis. This work focuses on regulatory mechanisms controlling inflammatory response in cardiac surgical patients. It is a retrospective study that follows changes of humoral and cell-mediated immunity induced by cardiac surgery in two different groups of patients. Both groups were operated with the same surgical approach, when identical devices and types of equipment were used; the only difference was the content of 500 mg of methylprednisolone (MP) in priming solution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood samples were collected before surgery, after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, at the end of surgery, on the 1st , 3rd , and 7th postoperative day. Changes in number of...
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Methods for detection of impaired immune response in cardiac-surgical patients
Kormundová, Nikola ; Koláčková, Martina (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee)
In patients after cardiac surgery, there is an increase in the level of molecules with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This increase is influenced by the patient's clinical condition, but also by the nature of the operation itself, which uses conventional extracorporeal circulation. This technique leads to damage to blood elements by direct contact with air and parts of the extracorporeal circulation, as well as to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The specifics of cardiac surgery then affect possible postoperative complications such as multiorgan failure or septic shock. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the principle and influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the human body and the complications that are associated with its use. Furthermore, IFN-γ is described herein as a potential marker of septic conditions that could reflect the clinical postoperative condition of patients. The practical part of the diploma thesis monitored the percentage change of selected cell populations and the production of IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of patients before and after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the response of individual isolated populations of healthy volunteers to selected stimulators was investigated. The percentage of...
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The Czech women's view on representation of women in advertisement
Koláčková, Martina ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
Master thesis The Czech Women's view on representation of women in advertisement focuses on the way advertisement reproduces gender stereotypes and sexism in the society. The analysis examines the view of female audience on this matters. The role of advertisement, gender roles and gender stereotypes, sexism and feminism are introduced in the beginning of this thesis. Main traits of sexism in advertisement are described. Possible impact of stereotyped and sexist advertisement on its viewers is demonstrated by introducing results of field related analyses. Based on interviews' analysis with selected group of women it was discovered that women view the representation of women in advertisement to be heavily stereotyped. Women in advertisement are reduced to the following categories: physically attractive and carefree, homemaker, naive and dull, and last but not least sex object. Even though female responders are able to identify some negative impacts of this stereotyped representation of women on both women's and men's lives, their concerns are undermined by their attitude towards advetisement which they do not consider to be capable of changing public attitudes and values. Female responders are convinced that gender discrimination against women is still present in the Czech Republic and advertisement...
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MikroRNA jednobuněčných řas a rostlin a vliv abiotických stresových faktorů =: MicroRNA in plants and unicellular algae under abiotic stress factors /
Koláčková, Martina
Stress signaling pathway regulates proteins which are critical for reprogramming of metabolic synthesis and gene expression to achieve homeostasis and cellular stability under stress conditions. The understanding of stress signaling mechanism and response will increase the ability to improve plant‘s oralgal resistance to stress. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge of biosynthetic pathway and miRNA roles and presents selected model organisms (Chlamydomonas, Arabidopsis). As well, it introduces abiotic stress and seeks links between abiotic factors, secondary metabolites and miRNAs. The experimental part deals with selected abiotic factors [lycorine, UV-C radiation, ZnSe quantum dots (QDs), CO2] and their influence on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. It has been shown that 100 and 250µM ZnSe QDs in the form of foliar feeding caused oxidative stress in the leaves without morphological changes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionaly, 250µM concentration inhibited the viability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a Gram-negative bacterium infecting plants, by 60 %. Furthermore, the regulatory biochemical, molecular and post-transcriptional pathways of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii response to UV-C radiation and lycorine were identified. Further, three specific miRNAs (Cre06.g281600, Cre06.g30900, Cre16.g662600) have been studied in connection with carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Expression of mentioned miRNAs had a positive correlation with target mRNA and revealed the potential regulatory role of miRNAs during CCM adaprion and possibility to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis. Despite, the role of epigenetics including miRNA interference is still unclear in the unicellular algae.
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Obsah PUFA n-6 a n-3 ve vybraných živočišných tkáních
Koláčková, Martina
The literature review summarizes characteristics of polyunsaturated fatty acids, problems of their metabolism, physiological effects and their occurrence in food. It pursues procedures and possibilities of fatty acids assessment with the help of gas chromatography. Experimental part of the thesis describes an assessment of fatty acids profile in fallow deer meat, roe deer and deer meat using the gas chromatography method operating the Fison 8000 series gas chromatograph as well as flame ionization detector. Conclusive differences in content of particular fatty acids and n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio among single types of venison are being monitored by means of statistic processing. .
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Inflammatory response induced by cardiac surgery with the use of cardio-pulmonary bypass; the impact of methylprednisolone
Koláčková, Martina ; Krejsek, Jan (advisor) ; Lonský, Vladimír (referee) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee)
Most elderly people aged over 60 suffer from coronary artery disease (CAD), which can become very likely cause of death. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) represents the standard way of treatment for CAD. CABG surgery is traditionally performed on an arrested heart with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The heart is usually accessed through a median sternotomy. Although this kind of surgery strongly stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, inflammatory response is self-terminating and only a small percentage of patients develop serious postoperative complications, such as organ failure, wound dehiscence, and sepsis. This work focuses on regulatory mechanisms controlling inflammatory response in cardiac surgical patients. It is a retrospective study that follows changes of humoral and cell-mediated immunity induced by cardiac surgery in two different groups of patients. Both groups were operated with the same surgical approach, when identical devices and types of equipment were used; the only difference was the content of 500 mg of methylprednisolone (MP) in priming solution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood samples were collected before surgery, after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, at the end of surgery, on the 1st , 3rd , and 7th postoperative day. Changes in number of...
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