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The project of the soil protection devices in the small watershed
Kravčenko, Matěj ; Kameníčková, Ivana (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (advisor)
The objective of this thesis is the project of the soil protection device in the small watershed. A municipality of Letonice in south-moravian county was analyzed for this purpose. This thesis contains the theory of soil erosion, theory of project of the soil protection and theoretical concepts for calculating the erosion washes using the Wischmeier-Smith (USLE) model. The area analysis was performed in GIS environment and it was based on a digital model of the terrain.
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Infiltration - the elementary hydrological process
Salač, Jan ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of water infiltration into the soil in the area of interest of the village Šakvice. Measurements were carried out on 13 May 2009 and 10 September 2009 on arable land with convential tillage (with ploughing). For measurements were used double ring infiltrometers. To evaluate the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate were used equations of Kostjakov, Mezencev, Philip and three-parameter equation of Philip‘s type. The results were processed numerically, plotted and then compared.
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The design of erosion control measures in a small basin
Prchlíková, Simona ; Kameníčková, Ivana (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (advisor)
Main goal of this bachelor thesis was the proposal for protection against erosion in selected river basin. Digital model of terrain was created with the help of ArcGis tools. Average yearly erosion wash off was determined by calculation in ArcGis software. The assessment was determined by two factors that influence threat level for particular area. The goal is to highlight the differences between the levels of threat by water erosion after two various rain types. Selected erosion control measures were suggested for the worse option. Chosen appropriate measures were as follows: grassing, erosion control crop rotation and interruption of slope by furrow. Subsequently, new erosion control measures were implemented into the calculation of new state of threatened area. In the final comparison, after implementing erosion control measures, it was a significant and noticeable improvement in conditions. Solution respects trend of water retention in the landscape and use of low-cost measures.
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Effect of basic agrotechnics for physical and hydrophysical properties of soil
Komárková, Markéta ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
In the master’s thesis, we evaluate the impact of different types of soil treatment on the physical and hydro-physical properties of the subsurface layers of soil. The experimental research took place near the town of Šakvice in two chosen areas treated conventionally, i.e. by tillage. The PRP SOL substance was applied to one of the observed areas. Unimpaired soil samples were taken during the vegetation period of the grown crops in the topsoil (10,20 cm) and in the undersoil (30 cm) on 13th May 2009 and on 10th September 2009. The chosen physical parameters of the soil, i.e. the reduced volume mass, the porosity, the distribution of pores, the actual content of water and air, were determined by standard analytical methods. The double-ring infiltration method was used during the field measuring of infiltration. The Philip’s equation and the Philip’s type three-parameter equation were used for the data analysis, serving as a base for estimation of saturated water content Ks. A protractor with a constant gradient was used during laboratory measuring. The results of a year-long research have not shown any major influence of the PRP SOL substance on the physical quality of the subsurface layers of soil in the observed area. On the contrary, the permeability od the soil obtained on the basis of Ks estimation is higher in the area treated by the PRP SOL substance.
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The impact of agro-technology on the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil
Vláčilíková, Michaela ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the impact of agrotechnics on the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. At the beginning of the work a literary research was elaborated on the above mentioned problems in the final part an evaluation of the physical and hydraulic characteristics of soil, which are used as indicators of soil quality. Experimental research was carried out in 2017 near the village Bohaté Málkovice, the soil on one area was processed by minimization technology and on the other parcel (with mild erosion) direct sowing was applied to the soil. The crop was sunflower.
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Using program Rosetta to estimate of soil moisture retention curves from experimental size Bohaté Málkovice
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Hydraulic characteristics are the most important properties of soil, i.e. retention curve of soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity of soil characterizes the ability of the soil to conduct water. Retention curve expresses the relationship between moisture and moisture potential of soil. The running of retention curve is influenced by many factors, eg. grain size and mineralogical composition, content of humus, reduce bulk density and structure of soil. Measurement of retention curves takes a lot of time and money in laboratory conditions therefore pedotransfer functions seem to be an alternative solution. The thesis aims to estimate moisture retention curves of soil in a selected area of interest in South Moravia using program Rosetta (Schaap, 2003). Data of granularity (% content of clay, sand and dust), bulk density of soil and hydrolimits field water capacity and wilting point were used as predictors in individual models of program Rosetta. Data of grain were matched by FAO / USDA system. Retention curves of soil moisture were measured on a sand tank and overpressure devices. The measured retention curves were parameterized by RETC program. Estimated retention curves were graphically compared with measured to determine the quality of the estimate. The accuracy of the estimate was assessed by correlation coefficient R of determination coefficient R2 and standard error SMRE. Usability own derivatives pedotransfer functions is hard to say due to the size of the input data file. I would recommend further verification of data at the other localities in south Moravia.
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Measurement of infiltration in the field using MiniDisk infiltrometer
Vláčilíková, Michaela ; Doležal, Ing Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with measuring of infiltration by MiniDisk method and its evaluation, but also with analysis of intact and grab soil sample, by means of which it is possible to assess the soil quality. The measurements took place on 30.4.2019, 4.5.2019, 12.5.2019, 2.6.2019, 30.6.2019, 2.7.2019, 31.8.2019 and 21.9.2019 on grassland near the town of Luhačovice. Grab and intact soil samples were taken from the upper soil layer and processed in a pedological laboratory. The Zhang method was used to evaluate the infiltration results. The results of soil analyzes and infiltration were processed numerically, plotted and subsequently described and compared.
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Effects of soil management on soil quality near Šardičky village
Schneiderová, Šárka ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on influence of reduced tillage technology of soil processing on it´s near-surface soil layer (0 to 10 cm). The research was carried out on agricultural land near Šardičky village, where company ZEMO spol. s r.o. provides long-term use of reduced tillage technology. In 2016 the soil quality in this site was evaluated by using physical and hydrophysical parameters, results are presented in the previous bachelor thesis "Selected hydrophysical parameters as indicators of soil quality.". In diploma thesis in addition chemical and other hydrophysical properties have been evaluated to provide a comprehensive assessment of soil quality. In 2016, poppy seed was grown on this site and spring barley was grown in 2017 and 2018. Grab samples and intact soil cores were taken during the vegetation period of the crop. After three years of experimental research, in which I participated, it is possible to assess the development of individual parameters and the influence of reduced tillage technology on near-surface soil layer. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with the description of the reduced tillage technology and problematics of the determination of soil parameters, which are used for evaluation of the quality of the near-surface layer. The practical part deals with evaluation of these parameters according to various authors and describes the development of soil quality during years 2016, 2017 and 2018.
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Determination of hydraulic characteristics of soil in a selected area
Salač, Jan ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on issues of measurement and evaluation of hydraulic characteristics of soil. In the literary research, the definitions of hydraulic conductivity and retention curve of soil moisture, their measurements in laboratory and field conditions and the prediction of these characteristics by using of pedotransfer functions. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, an evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity of soil from the experimental areas near the village Bohaté Málkovice. Two-cylindrical and mini-disc infiltration meters were used for field measurements, and a constant-gradient permeameter was used in the laboratory. Physical and empirical equations were used to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity. The results were processed numerically, tabulated and then compared.
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Wind erosion in southeast Moravia
Němcová, Kateřina ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is about wind erosion in southeast Moravia. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the problems about erosion and her division. Next, there is described wind erosion, its causes, assessment of erodability and safety measures. In the practical part is inspected effect of low temperatures on breakdown of soil aggregates of heavy soils collected from experimental areas. Breakdown of soil aggregates is simulated by freeze-thawing and freeze-drying process. For examined soil samples is determined proneness to wind erosion by boundary of erodability.
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