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Sipping in the nutrition of oncologic pacients
Andrysíková, Šárka ; Aschermannová, Alexandra (advisor) ; Jirsová, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Andrysíková Šárka Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: Sipping in the nutrition of oncologic pacients Tutor: as. MUDr. Alexandra Aschermannová Number of pages: 60 Number of supplements: 7 Year: 2015 Key words: Cancer, malnutrition, prevention, screening, nutritional support, parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, sipping This paper is focused on practical use of the simplest form of enteral nutrition - sipping - from the point of view of cancer patients. The aim of the paper is to find out whether nutritional intervention, namely recommendation of sipping is motivating enough for the patient or whether there is another factor that is important, i.e. a subjective attitude of the cancer patient - price, availability or flavor. The paper is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a research one. The theoretical part describes terms - origin of cancer cells, statistics of cancer occurrence in the Czech Republic, the main ways of treating cancer. Diagnosis of malnutrition and evaluation of nutritional status, types of pharmaceutical enteral nutrition - tube feeding and sipping, parenteral nutrition. In the research part, there is discussed the reality of everyday use of sipping from the point of view of cancer patients.
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Implementation of novel methods of tissue preparation and storage for transplantation purposes in ophthalmology
Rybičková, Ivana ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee)
Introduction: Recent advances in posterior lamellar keratoplasty necessitated the preparation of posterior corneal lamellae even in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to introduce and standardize a novel method of manual preparation of corneal lamellae for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty with a Stromal rim (DMEK-S) in an ocular tissue bank. After setting the criteria for endothelial quality, we obtained a licence to provide the tissues for transplantation purposes. The obtained results were analysed after two years. Furthermore, a novel lamellar insertion technique using a cartridge was assessed. The potentials for the long-term storage of posterior corneal lamellae by the vitrification in liquid ethane was studied using human amniotic membrane as a model tissue. Material and Methods: Corneoscleral buttons stored in tissue cultures were used to prepare lamellae consisting of a central zone of endothelium and Descemet membrane supported by a stromal rim at the periphery. The manual preparation was performed on an artificial anterior chamber using the big bubble technique. Endothelial quality was assessed before storage, before and immediately after preparation as well as after 2 days of storage at 31řC. A group of 12 corneas with a live endothelial cell density ≥ 2500 cells/mm2...
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Cell and Molecular Characterization of Failed Human Corneal Grafts. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Recurrent Corneal Melting.
Brejchová, Kristýna ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Smetana, Karel (referee) ; Heissigerová, Jarmila (referee)
The aim of this work was to investigate the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to recurrent corneal melting. Twenty three melted corneas from seven patients were separated into three groups: a) patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, b) those with rheumatoid arthritis and c) those with other corneal melting underlying pathologies. Eleven cadaverous corneas served as controls. The presence of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, and -13 was detected using indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. The active forms of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP- 3 and -7 were examined by gelatin and casein zymography, respectively. The concentrations of active MMP-1 and -3 were measured using activity assays. Increased immunostaining intensity for MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8 and -9 was shown in the corneal epithelium and the stroma of almost all melted corneas from all three groups compared to the negative or slightly positive staining of the controls. In the endothelium, immunostaining for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased in most specimens of groups II and III and group I, respectively. A markedly higher level of active MMP-2 was detected in six, and active MMP-9 in all, pathologic specimens compared to the controls. In contrast to the completely negative controls, the proenzymes of MMP-3 and -7 were detected in almost all melted...
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Phenotypical characterization of the healthy human cornea and the alterations caused by posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy
Reinštein Merjavá, Stanislava ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Martínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee)
Purpose: The aim of this work was to characterize the healthy human cornea and the cornea of patients suffering from posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) using different antibodies. Despite the fact that PPCD is a very rare disorder, one of the largest groups of PPCD patients in the world comes from the Czech Republic. This offers us the opportunity to investigate the changes on the clinical, cellular and molecular levels. Material and Methods: A collection of 25 control corneas as well as 16 pathological corneas from PPCD patients were used. Epithelial (cytokeratins) and mesothelial markers (mesothelin, calbindin 2, HBME-1 protein) were detected in all layers of the healthy corneas using immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry. The expression of all markers was confirmed using molecular methods as well (RT-PCR and Western blot). Changes in the expression of cytokeratins and changes in the extracellular matrix structure (collagen IV and VIII) were studied in the PPCD corneas. Combined fluorescent immunohistochemistry with fluorescence in situ hybridization were used in order to characterize the origin of abnormal cells on the posterior graft surface, which cause the recurrence of the PPCD after penetrating keratoplasty surgery. Results: Changes in the cytokeratin expression (strong...
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Localization of collagen type VIII in normal and pathological human cornea
Zenklová, Kateřina ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Holcát, Martin (referee)
The aim of this work was to localize collagen type VIII in different layers of the cornea and to compare it's localization in normal corneas with pathological corneas obtained from patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous dystrophy or keratoconus.The only comercially available antibody did not proove sufficient specifiky for collagen type VIII. With use of the antibody 9H3 anti alCVIII was collagen VIII evidenced in the cornea. This antibody can be used for detection of differences in distribution of collagen VIII in normal and pathological human cornea.
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Detection of cytokeratins in healthy cornea and conjunctiva
Tanzerová, Michaela ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Holcát, Martin (referee)
Purpose: The aim of this work was to characterize the spectrum of cytokeratin 1 - 20 expression in healthy cornea, limbus and conjunctiva. The next aim was to determine whether the expression of cytokeratin 7 can be a marker of limbal stem cell deficiency. Materials and methods: The spectrum of cytokeratins was studied using immunofluorescent staining of cryosections from healthy cornea, limbus and conjunctiva. The expression of cytokeratin 7 was detected by immunofluorescent staining on Millicell membranes. The epithelium of healthy cornea and conjunctiva and the epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva of patients suffering from limbal stem cell deficiency were assessed. Results: The typical corneal cytokeratin 3/12 was present in the corneal epithelium. Cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelium (cytokeratins 8, 18, 19), stratified epithelium (cytokeratins 4, 5, 13, 14) and hyperproliferation (cytokeratin 16) were also present in the human cornea. The limbal epithelium was positive for cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelium (cytokeratins 8, 18, 19), stratified epithelium (cytokeratins 4, 5, 13, 14, 15) and the cornea-specific cytokeratin 3/12. The conjunctival epithelium showed immunostaining for cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelium (cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, 19), stratified...
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Historical anthropology of dreams
Jirsová, Kateřina ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Zaoral, Roman (referee)
An unconventional theoretical study of dreams, this master's thesis aims to approach dreams from the perspective of historical anthropology, with a special emphasis on the Middle Ages. It analyses various theories of dreams from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, considering also the psychoanalytic approach, or (if you like) 20th century analytical psychology, and it is particularly concerned with the medieval notion of dreams and visions, with a special emphasis on the analysis of prophetic dreams of Jan of Jenštejn, the Prague archbishop in the end of the 14th century.
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