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Are the bees a Coasean lighthouse?
Hořánková, Kristýna ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Bolcha, Peter (referee)
The aim of this paper is to interpret the economical importance of keeping bees and to describe the externality they provide, as well as the externality formed by farmers. The issue will be introduced by outlining the solution to the reciprocal externality with the assistance of governmental intervention justified by A. C. Pigou and J. E. Meade. Secondly, It will be proved that Coase's Lighthouse Theory is the equivalent of Cheung's bees and that it is possible to remove the externality they create by the mechanism of the market. Furthermore, we will compare the development of governmental interventions in the Czech Republic and the US and prove -- by the pattern Muth and col. - the subsidies adversely affect the efficient elimination of the externalities struggled by the market. In the end, we will characterize pollination services in terms of the Czech market. The US market is much more extensive than the Czech market, but the latter seems to have the potential to remove the externality even in this particular situation.
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Are Czech bees Coase lighthouses?
Zehnalová, Simona ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Bolcha, Peter (referee)
Positive externalities which bees bring to society are undoubtable. What can we polemize about is the question how should be beekeeping assured. In Bohemia bees are protected by the state and given preference for centuries. Despite we cannot say that we would face over reproduction and apicultural boom. Are state intervention suggested by A.C. Pigou (1920) way to increase bee quantity? How much effective is the level of dotation and its redistribution at the present time? In the world we can observe states where propose market environment of S.N.S. Cheung (1973) is in operation and confirms the theory of Coase's lighthouses (1974) applicated to bee branch. Compared to bees are scare commodities in the Czech market. My work will deal with the above mentioned questions and comparison of present development in apiculture in the Czech Republic and in the world together with effectivity evaluation of Czech protectionism.
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Game Theory and poker
Petrus, Ján ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Koubek, Ivo (referee)
Society regards still poker as a form of hazard but in fact it is a " game of skill". The game where one must make correct decisions and manage ones money. Luck plays no role in the long-term time frame of the game because players make rational choices similar to that reported in mutual transactions among economic entities. Bachelor's thesis focuses on impact of the game of poker to origin the Game Theory and summarizes the specific features of the game. It explains its use by founders of the Game Theory as a suitable model for solving strategic situation in zero-sum games. The second part describes role of poker in economic history to its current developments. Seeking answers to the questions associated with a wide-growing popularity of the game: why people are willing to play poker, why poker is trying to change a position of gambling game and be taken as a sport activity. In this part, I also have used the model of Friedman-Savage utility function to point out the motivation of profesional poker play to make a living through playing poker. The last part of the work deals with the development and expansion of online poker. It describes the regulation, security answers and legal obstacles which have been arisen by its dynamic development in the market in recent years.
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Are elections lists fair or nudging?
Regéczy, Martin ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
It is generally believed that those candidates listed earlier on the ballot paper are likely to receive more votes than those listed later. This assumption was proved to be true on a sample of 100 election results collected from university elections across the whole Czech Republic in the years 2001-2009. These elections have one important feature -- all candidates are listed in alphabetical order. Those candidates with surname initials closer to the beginning of the alphabet tend to receive more votes and, as a past research says, the non-rational voters are to be blamed. No one, however, has yet analyzed the behavior of candidates. Hypothesis that candidates with better fitted surnames are more likely to enter elections, and by that create a ballot paper already with alphabetical bias, has not been proved. Other cue to voters such as the title of a candidate present on the ballot paper proved to be an important signal of quality for female candidates who were hugely advantaged compared to men who were disadvantaged due to this fact. Possible different reasons to alphabetical bias have been tested (e.g. name letter effect), but have not been found to be present.
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Behavior of participants specific Vickrey's 2ns price auction - natural experiment
Havel, Tomáš ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Hlavík, Petr (referee)
Paper deals with allocation of resources in a group of players of an on-line game World of Warcraft. Work includes description and analysis of the most common resource allocation systems in this specific world. The special attention is paid to possible contributions of auctions into the game, especially Vickrey's 2nd price auction. There is an adjusted model of Vickrey's auction, which replaced system of resources allocation based on administrative price. Trend in prices of items and behavior of auction participants is also studied.
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Jsou pražští žebráci jako newyorští taxikáři?
Šilhavá, Dana ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Janíčko, Martin (referee)
I explore Prague beggars' decision making about their daily work hours. Begging is posited as supplying a service, in the case of Prague with barriers to entry on the production side, with the Charles Bridge as the extreme monopoly example. Financial analysis of the self-employed beggars' wages, expenses and wage rate determinants offers many insights about the workings of the market. I contrast 2 possible models of labor supply: intertemporal substitution and income targeting, representing respectively the concepts of maximizing and satisficing: Maximizers adjust their day's work-hours to the days' varying wage rate, whereas satisficers bracket decisions narrowly and set daily income targets to be reached. 37 of the 43 Prague beggars sampled are found to be satisficers in much the same way as New York City cabdrivers (Camerer 1997); however, this is often a perfectly rational response to the specific constraints of the beggar's profession (e.g. social tax, lack of savings opportunities), satisficing is thus much more justifiable in their case.
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Discrimination in the labour market
Sladký, Jan ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This bachelor work deals with discrimination in the labour market. The emphasis is above all placed on racial discrimination in the Czech republic, that is connected with the Romany minority. At first sight it may seen, that this subject matter is not a problem of economics, but I thing, that the economic view is crucial. The work focuses on an evaluation of current discrimination problem solving, evaluates if this solution is optimal and finally if there may not be a better one how to help the discriminated minorities in the labour market.
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Reforma penzijního systému: v zájmu všech nebo jen některých?
Ságl, Jan ; Kollár, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The topic of this bachelor's work is the problem of pension reform based on mandatory funded pension system. Right on the beginning is the reader introduced to the options how to realize these reforms. The stress is put on examination of the reform's variety, which is based on mandatory funded pillar. There are presented advantages, which are proposed by majority of financial institutions including World Bank. On the other hand we can see certain economic and political risks mainly in the form of rent seeking. In the second part of this work is as a starting point of the analysis chosen the study of J.E. Stiglitz and P.R. Orszag. This study points out myths about social security systems. The aim of this work is to answer the question, whether the implementation of mandatory funded pillar has a real benefit for all economic subjects or only for some of them. The aim is also to provide some recommendations for incoming pension reform in Czech Republic.
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EKONOMIE AUT V CENTRECH
Michálek, Jan ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Vorlíček, Jan (referee)
Práce se zabývá problematikou parkování v centrech měst. Popisuje politiku parkování tak, jak jí představuje mezinárodní odborná konference COST 342, mapuje východiska, nástroje a cíle parkovací politiky. V konkrétní části popisuje Integrovaný systém parkování v Hradci Králové a analyzuje koncesní smlouvu mezi městem a správcovskou společností. Závěrem práce je doporučení ohledně budoucího vývoje vztahu koncedenta a koncesionáře.
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Alokace vyhrazených parkovacích stání držitelům průkazu ZTP a ZTP/P
Ambrožová, Zuzana ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Vorlíček, Jan (referee)
Práce odpovídá na otázku, zda i v případě sociálních programů, které jako kritérium přidělení určité výhody stanovují zdravotní stav, existuje prostor pro oportunistické jednání. První polovina práce je věnována relevantním teoretickým konceptům a jejich důsledkům pro ekonomickou efektivitu soukromé a veřejné charity. Mezi nejdůležitější koncepty zde patří "Dilema samaritána" a "Rotten Kid" teorém, přičemž Beckerův model je rozšířen o transakční náklady. Tato část je také doplněna praktickou analýzou dopadu asymetrických informací na pracovní neschopnost. Druhá část práce se již zaměřuje na mimořádné výhody poskytované držitelům průkazu ZTP a ZTP/P a samotné přidělování vyhrazeného stání. Vedle legislativní úpravy pomoci jsou upřesněny implikace plynoucí z teoretických konceptů, některé jsou prokázány na dostupných statistických datech.
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