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On the Presupposition Projection in Czech
Veselý, Vojtěch ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Bílková, Jana (referee)
On the Presupposition Projection in Czech I understand presupposition as both an implication and a set of requirements which have to be fulfilled by the (passive) context, i.e. a set of realized propositions and logico- semantic relations between them shared by the communicants. The content of presupposition is formed by information which the speaker characterizes as predetermined, i.e. known to the communicants. Presupposition is a semantically narrower notion than implication: every meaning expressed indirectly is implied, but not every implied meaning is presupposed. Contextually bound constituents express a proposition which is included in the active context, i.e. a set of propositions on which the communicants are actively focused. Contextual boundness is a type of presupposition trigger: information included in the active context is a necessary part of the passive context (it doesn't hold true vice versa, of course). Context shared by the communicants can not be incremented by the primary (i.e. directly expressed) proposition of a clause, unless all the presuppositions semantically entailed in the primary proposition are satisfied. Presupposition is satisfied if and only if proposition p which forms a content of the presupposition is part of the (passive) context. In case that the context...
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The patology of caracters in the Italian novel of the 20th century
Bílková, Jana ; Flemrová, Alice (advisor) ; Pelán, Jiří (referee)
This graduation thesis deals with the patology of characters in the italian novels of the 20th century. The material basis is presented by four following authors: Italo Svevo (1861 - 1928), Dino Buzzati (1906 - 1972), Primo Levi (1919 - 1987) and Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893 - 1973). The attention concentrates on one novel by each of these authors (in the case of Svevo there are all his three finished novels taken into account) whose protagonist can be considered as the bearer of a certain psychopatology: Zeno Cosini from the novel La coscienza di Zeno for the neurosis, Giovanni Drogo from /I Deserto dei Tartari for the anxiety, Primo Levi as a representative of the war trauma in his opera Se questo é un uomo and Gonzalo Pirobutirro from the novel La cognizione del dolore for the depression. The selection of the authors and the novels came from the personal reading experience of the authoress of the thesis and from the conviction of their representativness for the given type of pathology although it is mostly quite complex. Each part deals with the protagonist of the chosen novel and of the fictional world which surrounds him and eventually takes into consideration the context of other works of the same author. In the selected novels, the attention is also given manifestations and the individual image of the...
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Bylany culture in Prague based on the evaluation of burial grounds Ďáblice and Suchdol
Bílková, Jana ; Frank Danielisová, Alžběta (advisor) ; Půlpán, Marek (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the evaluation of the graves, preliminary dated in the early Iron Age, made during rescue archaeological excavations in Prague-Ďáblice and Prague-Suchdol within years 2000-2004. The basis of this work is typhologicall and chronologicall analysis of movable artifacts, funeral rite analysis and evaluation of burial grounds as a whole. Theoretical questions derive from this, concerning social structure of Bylany culture. On the theoretical level, the issue of the settlement context is also considered. Key words: hallstatt period - Bylany culture - Prague - burial ground - social structure - settlement context
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Among-population variability in yellowhammer songs: causes and consequences
Bílková, Jana ; Petrusková, Tereza (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The inter-population geographic song variability can be found in many bird species. One of the most interesting types are dialects, characterized by sharp boundaries between populations of individuals sharing the same particular song type. Despite many years of investigation there is no satisfactory answer to the question how these borders persist over the years at nearly same sites. Distinctions between dialects allow recognition of males from different populations and could influence the territorial behaviour. Various habitats, however, degrade the sound differently; it is therefore possible that specific habitats are preferred by individuals with specific dialects. Both social interactions and acoustic properties of the locality could also be only secondary factors and the dialect distribution could be the result of the habitat distribution either in present or in recent past. In this diploma thesis, several hypotheses were tested on the example of Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) - a songbird abundant in open land with simple song and easily recognizable dialects. The thorough data concerning the habitats and dialect distribution were obtained at the dialect borders at two localities in Czech Republic. The reactions of territorial males to both foreign and their own dialects were also...
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