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New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the prevention of CVD in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Altschmiedová, Tereza ; Češka, Richard (advisor) ; Rosolová, Hana (referee) ; Rašlová, Katarína (referee)
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are still the most common cause of death in Europe, despite new diagnostic methods and treatment. Although many accelerators of the atherosclerotic process are known, only LDL-cholesterol is considered to be the causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease whose carriers have had a high level of LDL-cholesterol since childhood due to reduced amount or function of LDL receptors . Determination of the causative mutation is not always possible and the diagnosis is established by using some scoring systems which take into account personal and family history and some typical signs (e.g. tendon xanthomas) in addition to LDL-cholesterol value. The treatment of FH is lifelong and to achieve the LDL- cholesterol target, combination therapy (ezetimibe, modern biologic therapy) in addition to statins , is often necessary. However statins are always the mainstay of the treatment. By retrospective analysis of data from 1236 patients diagnosed with FH, we confirmed the cardiovasular risk of these patients is different depending on the presence of other risk factors. At the highest cardiovascular risk were individuals with combination of risk factors - high level of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol, as...
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Acute coronary syndromes and the influence of nutritional education
Křupková, Petra ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
Patients who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction need a comprehensive team of doctors and health professionals in whose care they are in the follow-up. Many times, however, a nutritionist may be missing from this team. It is very important for patients to take small and effective steps to change their lifestyle and dietary choices after they leave the hospital. Nutrition plays a major role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and is one of the non-negligible preventive factors for recurrence of acute myocardial infarction. The thesis focuses on the issue of dietary change after AIM with a three-month interval. It compares the choice of certain foods in a nutritionally educated group that also received educational papers and a control group that did not receive education and did not receive papers. The first conversation with patients took place at the hospital bedside. Respondents signed an informed consent form, were anthropometrically measured, asked several questions about diet and lifestyle, and were instructed on what they needed for a follow-up interview in three months. Laboratory values were taken from each patient's discharge report. Every other patient was educated and received education papers. Group B patients received only a paper with their name, phone...
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Diseases of Civilization Prevention by a Lifestyle Modifications
Vinklárková, Monika ; Šatný, Martin (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the most common diseases of civilization and their prevention by a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this thesis is to map how people aged 18 - 65 follow a healthy lifestyle that leads to the prevention of diseases of civilization. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics and especially the prevention of the most common diseases of civilization, which include arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis with its complications (atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases), or cancer. A healthy lifestyle includes proper nutrition, adequate physical activity, non-smoking, enough sleep and rest, reduced stress and the absence of tobacco and alcohol abuse. The practical part finds out the observance of the principles of a healthy lifestyle by a questionnaire survey. The research was conducted on 122 randomly selected persons without diseases of civilization aged 18 - 65 years. The results of the research show that most respondents do not pay much attention to a healthy lifestyle. Respondents eat a shortage of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and sour dairy products. Their diet often includes white bread, meat and sausages. Furthermore, most respondents have insufficient...
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Effect of weight reduction on blood lipids and some other risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Zdeňková Kroužková, Pavlína ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the effect of weight reduction on the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference and blood pressure. The effect of education, or changes in dietary and regime habits on weight, blood lipid levels (total cholesterol and triglycerides), waist circumference and blood pressure were monitored in a group of educated persons. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part contains information about obesity, ischemic heart disease, risk factors for these diseases, their prevention and therapy. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is devoted to monitoring dedicated a group of patients who decided to lose weight by changing dietary and dietary habits. At baseline, patients were measured on by the Accutrend for total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, and blood pressure. The subjects were educated about the dietary regime and subsequently followed the recommended measures. Repeated measurements of all monitored indicators were performed after three months, when the effect of weight reduction on the monitored parameters was evaluated. After three months, all subjects demonstrated on average weight loss of 11.9 kg, BMI lowered by 3.94 kg / m2, and waist circumference parameters reduced on 8.9 cm. Systolic pressure decreased by...
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Comparison of eating habits of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia
Holubová, Šárka ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of patients with two metabolic diseases, familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first theoretical part summarizes information on metabolic disease, types of treatment and dietary measures. The second, practical part is also divided into two parts. In the retrospective part, the entry and exit values of lipidograms of 21 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and 14 patients with mixed dyslipidemia are compared. The pacients have been treated in the Center of Preventive Cardiology. The results show that total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are reduced after the pharmacological treatment in both groups. HDL- cholesterol remains unchanged. There are no changes in the lipidograms by patients who do not have pharmacological treatment. In the second part, the dietary habits of 8 patients, 4 with the familiarity of hypercholesterolemia and 4 with mixed dyslipidemia, are discussed qualitatively, where it is evident that nutritional education is insufficient because only two patients have visited a nutritional therapist at least once. keywords: familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, lipid metabolism, nutrition
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Assessment of knowledge about appropriate setup of nutrition in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors
Lupoměská, Petra ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
This diploma thesis consists of two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters; the first three are focused on the main information about atherosclerosis such as its definition, predilection areas, process of atherosclerotic changes, the most important risk factors and its clinical consequences. The following chapter introduces the essential measures used in cardiovascular disease prevention. The last chapter deals with education and also describes education for cardiovascular disease prevention. The practical part is dedicated to the assessment of knowledge about the appropriate composition of diet in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors. The research part was carried out on grounds of the quantitative survey through a questionnaire, which was completed by patients of the Centre for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease of the General Teaching Hospital in Prague in the course of three months - from 1st November 2017 to 31st January 2018. There are one main and two partial aims to the study; the main aim was to determine knowledge about the appropriate composition of diet in patients. This aim was accomplished, patients were successful in some knowledge questions, but only a small number of them knew the right answer to...
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