|
|
Vliv vybraných látek ovlivňujících centrální nervový systém na kostní metabolismus
Fekete, Soňa ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
The increase in life expectancy of the world population is associated with challenges regarding health issues. For instance, osteoporosis is a medical condition mostly observed in elderly people, in which the quality and quantity of the bone are severely affected. Not only for women but also for men, osteoporosis is recognized as an important public health issue. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is a result of loss of skeletal mass. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The longterm use of drugs such as antiepileptics and antidepressants could affect the onset of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy, the effect of newer antiepileptic (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramat, lamotrigine) and antidepressive drugs (mirtazapine, venlafaxine and trazodone) on bone metabolism in healthy male Wistar rats. The first specific aim was to determine the effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in rats. We found that after 12 weeks post-orchidectomy there was a negative effect on bone metabolism in rats. These results established these animals as suitable models for...
|
|
|
Cytokine estimation in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with liver steatosis
Burešová Nedvídková, Jaroslava ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Živný, Pavel (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jaroslava Burešová Nedvídková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Pavel Živný, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Cytokine estimation in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with liver steatosis The aim of this work was the determination of cytokines - interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with hepatic steatosis. These tests were performed within extensive experimental work intented on the ability of liver regeneration after induction of steatosis. The determination was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with cytokine concentrations of Wistar and PHHP control groups, who were fed a standard laboratory diet. The concentrations of IL-6, leptin and TNF-alpha in liver tissue supernatant were higher in the control group of Wistar rats than in PHHP rats control group. Receiving steatosis diets led to a decrease in IL-6 for all rat files. Leptin concentrations were significant lower in Wistar rats than Wistar rats controls were. Orotic acid administration statistically significant increased leptin level in rats PHHP. The consumption of diets causing steatosis reduced TNF-alpha concentrations in liver...
|
|
| |
|
|
Vliv vybraných látek ovlivňujících centrální nervový systém na kostní metabolismus
Fekete, Soňa ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Petr (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
The increase in life expectancy of the world population is associated with challenges regarding health issues. For instance, osteoporosis is a medical condition mostly observed in elderly people, in which the quality and quantity of the bone are severely affected. Not only for women but also for men, osteoporosis is recognized as an important public health issue. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is a result of loss of skeletal mass. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The longterm use of drugs such as antiepileptics and antidepressants could affect the onset of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy, the effect of newer antiepileptic (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramat, lamotrigine) and antidepressive drugs (mirtazapine, venlafaxine and trazodone) on bone metabolism in healthy male Wistar rats. The first specific aim was to determine the effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in rats. We found that after 12 weeks post-orchidectomy there was a negative effect on bone metabolism in rats. These results established these animals as suitable models for...
|
|
|
Contribution to the Study of the Etiology and Clinical Significance of Hepatic Steatosis in the Experiment
Žaloudková, Lenka ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Dlouhý, Pavel (referee) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee)
Contribution to the study of the etiology and clinical significance of hepatic steatosis in the experiment The aim of this dissertation thesis is to elucidate and describe the influence of ursolic acid and its hepatoprotective effects on liver tissue after partial hepatectomy and the effects of this acid on lipid metabolism. It includes studies of the early phase of liver regeneration in rats with induced hepatic steatosis. The first part of the dissertation is focused on the study of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats with nutritionally induced hepatic steatosis using three experimental diets. To assess the liver regeneration, two rat models were selected, a healthy Wistar-type rat and a rat with high basal cholesterolemia, the so-called Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic rat (PHHC). The standard model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), achieved by feeding both rat types on a high-cholesterol diet and an orotic acid diet for four weeks, confirmed the development of hepatic steatosis without signs of inflammation, necrosis or fibrotic changes. The methionine-choline deficient diet did not induce steatosis in the histological examination, although disruption of VLDL particle synthesis was found. Based on the incorporation of 3 [H]-thymidine into hepatocyte's DNA, the...
|
|
|
Vliv vybraných látek ovlivňujících centrální nervový systém na kostní metabolismus
Fekete, Soňa ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
The increase in life expectancy of the world population is associated with challenges regarding health issues. For instance, osteoporosis is a medical condition mostly observed in elderly people, in which the quality and quantity of the bone are severely affected. Not only for women but also for men, osteoporosis is recognized as an important public health issue. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is a result of loss of skeletal mass. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The longterm use of drugs such as antiepileptics and antidepressants could affect the onset of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy, the effect of newer antiepileptic (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramat, lamotrigine) and antidepressive drugs (mirtazapine, venlafaxine and trazodone) on bone metabolism in healthy male Wistar rats. The first specific aim was to determine the effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in rats. We found that after 12 weeks post-orchidectomy there was a negative effect on bone metabolism in rats. These results established these animals as suitable models for...
|
|
|
Osteoporosis management in primary care in the Czech Republic
Blažková, Šárka ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmahelová, Alena (referee) ; Živný, Pavel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of social and clinical pharmacy Candidate Sarka Blazkova Supervisor Jiri Vlcek Title of Doctoral Thesis Osteoporosis management in primary care in the Czech Republic Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease of the skeleton characterized by decreased bone mass and a disturbed microarchitecture of the bone tissue associated with increased risk of bone fragility and fracture. OP and its consequences are a major health, social, and economic concern, growing with aging of the population. Currently, most OP patients are not properly diagnosed and treated. In the Czech Republic, primary care that is provided by general practitioners (GPs), gynecologists and pharmacists should play a key role in identifying patients with OP. Generally available guidelines recognize GPs as fully qualified for OP management. GPs are expected to be proactive in OP risk assessment and OP prevention and treatment. In the Czech Republic, due to prescribing limitations, GPs are only authorized to prescribe anti-OP drugs via delegated prescribing. Given the primary care structure in this country, it can be expected that gynecologists will be involved in OP management in women. Unlike GPs, they are authorized to prescribe anti-OP drugs and...
|
|
|
Molecular detection of invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised patients
Bašková, Lenka ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílková, Zuzana (referee) ; Trka, Jan (referee)
5 3. Summary Molecular detection of invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised patients In my work I have been able to establish three different PCR-based assays for the quantitative detection and identification of fungal DNA. Two DNA-based detection assays termed PanAC PCR and panfungal PCR based on the real-time quantitative (RQ-PCR) technology were designed to detect and quantify the most important fungal genera currently associated with IFD including a large number of pathogenic moulds and yeasts. Upon standardization of both RQ-PCR techniques, the applicability in the clinical setting was assessed by investigating a series of clinical specimens from patients with documented fungal infection, and by prospectively studying patient cohorts at high risk of IFD. In view of the importance of precise identification of the causative fungal pathogen, a semi-nested PCR method coupled with fluorescent capillary electrophoresis detection was established. It facilitates rapid identification of fungal species in clinical materials that test positive for IFD using one of the broad-range screening assays. This method was also tested in a population of patients with documented fungal infections to assess its clinical potential.
|
|
|
Cytokine estimation in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with liver steatosis
Burešová Nedvídková, Jaroslava ; Živný, Pavel (referee) ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jaroslava Burešová Nedvídková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Pavel Živný, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Cytokine estimation in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with liver steatosis The aim of this work was the determination of cytokines - interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels in liver homogenate supernatant in rats with hepatic steatosis. These tests were performed within extensive experimental work intented on the ability of liver regeneration after induction of steatosis. The determination was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with cytokine concentrations of Wistar and PHHP control groups, who were fed a standard laboratory diet. The concentrations of IL-6, leptin and TNF-alpha in liver tissue supernatant were higher in the control group of Wistar rats than in PHHP rats control group. Receiving steatosis diets led to a decrease in IL-6 for all rat files. Leptin concentrations were significant lower in Wistar rats than Wistar rats controls were. Orotic acid administration statistically significant increased leptin level in rats PHHP. The consumption of diets causing steatosis reduced TNF-alpha concentrations in liver...
|
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.