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Proteome and Metabolome Changes in Selected Organisms under Stress
Halienová, Andrea ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Čertík, Milan (referee) ; Šucman, Emanuel (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Living conditions of every organism are influenced by various factors at this time. Some of them have positive effect on organism, some negative. Basic condition for surviving is the ability to resist and adapt to changing metabolic and living conditions. Every single stress effect can lead to changes in metabolism but organisms have ability to develope sufficient mechanisms for stress response. Some of them are similar for all living organisms (enzyme production, endogenous primary stress metabolites) some of them are specific for certain organism or stress type. Cell stress response can be observed on different levels (proteomic, genomic, metabolomic). In proper conditions it can be used indrustrially. In this work, influences of various stress factors were studied. These factors were applied on selected organisms – carotenogenic yeast and plant materials. Yeast stress response was induced by osmotic and oxidation stress factors. Changes on proteomic level and in production of selected secondary metabolites were observed. Proteome was analyzed by 1D and 2D electrophoresis with subsequent analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry. Yeast strain Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 showed the best adaptation to stress factors, which was moreover accompanied by overproduction of carotenoids. This finding can be premise for next industrial production of carotenoids. In plant samples predominantly enzymes and metabolites involved in antioxidant response were studied.
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The Study of Distribution of Halogenated Diphenylethers to Parts of Environment
Hroch, Martin ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Šucman, Emanuel (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In recent years considerable attention is paid to problems of brominated flame retardants (BFR's – Brominated Flame retardants), which are a diverse group of organic compounds. Even in the recent past have been the most often represented group particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which have found wide use in many industrial sectors. The reason of aplication of these substances is the ability to slow down the combustion process and reduce the risk of ignition by the excessive heating of material. On the other hand, serious concerns about the use of PBDEs was added. The most serious trouble is particular their possible to release from consumer products during their normal use, toxicity and high persistence in parts of environment. Some of these contaminants are more characterized by a high degree of accumulation in biological systems. In this work by several sub-studies the issue of assessment the level of pollution of the aquatic ecosystem of selected localities of the Czech Republic just PBDEs was addressed. One of objectives was monitored the situation of breeding ponds near the village Záhlinice in Central Moravia. Here was assessed level of contamination in fish and birds as two consecutive segments of food chain. The obtained results largely confirmed the assumption that with increasing trophic level of organisms leads to bioaccumulation and thus also higher findings. For comparison, the capture of fish and birds in other localities of the CR was also implemented. In Bartošovice and Hustopeče nad Becvou levels at the buzzard and heron were detected as comparable. The cormorants of the order higher levels of PBDEs were found. Further were also evaluated levels of PBDEs detected in individuals of bioindicator kind of chub caught in two locations on the river Svratka in spring and autumn. Findings of PBDE in muscle, skin and intestines were compared. The obtained results show that between tissues and sites wasn’t significant variability respectively and the findings of controlled substances are practically comparable. With aim to determine the dependence of the concentration of PBDEs in organisms on the length of the river was conducted monitoring of Vír and Brno water reservoirs. In both locations was main monitored kind of bream, which was completed by the other species. The results of the analysis indicate a higher total concentration at the lower part of river Svratka. Differences were also the distribution of individual congeners in both sampling locations. For monitoring of terrestrial system contamination levels of PBDEs has been selected several types of plant bioindicators. These are mainly pine needles (Scots pine, Eastern white pine, Silver fir, Blue spruce) collected from different localities of the Czech Republic. Other matrices were chosen roughages (Common wheat, Naked barley, Alfalfa wheat, Red clover) and oilseeds (Rapeseed) from the Novy Jicin, where Agriculture plant school of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. Detected values of PBDE concentrations were very low, generally ranged at the detection limits of the analytical method.
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The Study of Distribution of Halogenated Diphenylethers to Parts of Environment
Hroch, Martin ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Šucman, Emanuel (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In recent years considerable attention is paid to problems of brominated flame retardants (BFR's – Brominated Flame retardants), which are a diverse group of organic compounds. Even in the recent past have been the most often represented group particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which have found wide use in many industrial sectors. The reason of aplication of these substances is the ability to slow down the combustion process and reduce the risk of ignition by the excessive heating of material. On the other hand, serious concerns about the use of PBDEs was added. The most serious trouble is particular their possible to release from consumer products during their normal use, toxicity and high persistence in parts of environment. Some of these contaminants are more characterized by a high degree of accumulation in biological systems. In this work by several sub-studies the issue of assessment the level of pollution of the aquatic ecosystem of selected localities of the Czech Republic just PBDEs was addressed. One of objectives was monitored the situation of breeding ponds near the village Záhlinice in Central Moravia. Here was assessed level of contamination in fish and birds as two consecutive segments of food chain. The obtained results largely confirmed the assumption that with increasing trophic level of organisms leads to bioaccumulation and thus also higher findings. For comparison, the capture of fish and birds in other localities of the CR was also implemented. In Bartošovice and Hustopeče nad Becvou levels at the buzzard and heron were detected as comparable. The cormorants of the order higher levels of PBDEs were found. Further were also evaluated levels of PBDEs detected in individuals of bioindicator kind of chub caught in two locations on the river Svratka in spring and autumn. Findings of PBDE in muscle, skin and intestines were compared. The obtained results show that between tissues and sites wasn’t significant variability respectively and the findings of controlled substances are practically comparable. With aim to determine the dependence of the concentration of PBDEs in organisms on the length of the river was conducted monitoring of Vír and Brno water reservoirs. In both locations was main monitored kind of bream, which was completed by the other species. The results of the analysis indicate a higher total concentration at the lower part of river Svratka. Differences were also the distribution of individual congeners in both sampling locations. For monitoring of terrestrial system contamination levels of PBDEs has been selected several types of plant bioindicators. These are mainly pine needles (Scots pine, Eastern white pine, Silver fir, Blue spruce) collected from different localities of the Czech Republic. Other matrices were chosen roughages (Common wheat, Naked barley, Alfalfa wheat, Red clover) and oilseeds (Rapeseed) from the Novy Jicin, where Agriculture plant school of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. Detected values of PBDE concentrations were very low, generally ranged at the detection limits of the analytical method.
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Proteome and Metabolome Changes in Selected Organisms under Stress
Halienová, Andrea ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Čertík, Milan (referee) ; Šucman, Emanuel (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Living conditions of every organism are influenced by various factors at this time. Some of them have positive effect on organism, some negative. Basic condition for surviving is the ability to resist and adapt to changing metabolic and living conditions. Every single stress effect can lead to changes in metabolism but organisms have ability to develope sufficient mechanisms for stress response. Some of them are similar for all living organisms (enzyme production, endogenous primary stress metabolites) some of them are specific for certain organism or stress type. Cell stress response can be observed on different levels (proteomic, genomic, metabolomic). In proper conditions it can be used indrustrially. In this work, influences of various stress factors were studied. These factors were applied on selected organisms – carotenogenic yeast and plant materials. Yeast stress response was induced by osmotic and oxidation stress factors. Changes on proteomic level and in production of selected secondary metabolites were observed. Proteome was analyzed by 1D and 2D electrophoresis with subsequent analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry. Yeast strain Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 showed the best adaptation to stress factors, which was moreover accompanied by overproduction of carotenoids. This finding can be premise for next industrial production of carotenoids. In plant samples predominantly enzymes and metabolites involved in antioxidant response were studied.
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