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Formation and evolution of dynamical binaries
Pavlík, Václav ; Šubr, Ladislav (advisor) ; Heyrovský, David (referee)
The aim of this work is the study of hard binary stars in the star cluster and their time of life before they crossed the energetic boundary, which separates the soft and hard binaries. We used our own method of identification of binary stars within the model of star cluster which is based on the given positions, velocities and masses of stars. This method uses three main criteria -- the proximity of two stars, the time that this pair was found together and negative total energy. The results that we obtained using our algorithm helped us to determie more precise boundary between the hard and soft binary than the analytical estimates based on the evaluation of the typical kinetic energy of the free stars within the cluster. We also studied the lifetime of the binaries before they become hard and we reached a correspondence with the results of Tanikawa et al. (2011), who studied similar topic. Due to a large set of numerical realizations, which we analysed, we got better statistics than previous works. We also found that the examined lifetime of binaries seems to be represented by exponential distribution. For better analysis of this distribution it would be necessary to use about five times higher time resolution than we worked with.
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Evolution of the stellar disc in the Galactic centre
Kobrle, Stanislav ; Šubr, Ladislav (advisor) ; Karas, Vladimír (referee)
In this thesis we will study dynamical models of Galactic centre analyse them and compare with available observational data. Our main target is to investigate origin of young stars which are being observed here. We examine if they could have been born in a single accretion disc. Next target is to confirm or disprove the possibility of existence one or more disc-like structures which are frequently discussed by scientists. We introduce methods used to detect stellar structures and apply them to artificial and observational data.
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The influence of the stellar mass-loss on the dynamics of star clusters
Dinnbier, František ; Jungwiert, Bruno (advisor) ; Šubr, Ladislav (referee)
This work aims at studying the influence of the stellar mass-loss, resulting from the stellar evolution, on the dynamics of massive star clusters. The emphasis has been put on the mass-loss by low-mass and intermediate-mass stars (m < 8 Mo) that form, at the end of their life, a planetary nebula. The expansion speed of gas released by these stars is lower than the escape speed from sufficiently massive star clusters, and the gas can be retained by the cluster. For modelling of the gas hydrodynamics, a simple sticky-particles method was used. To carry out simulations in which gaseous and stellar particles mutually interact through their gravity, substantial modifications had to be realized in the N-body codes Nbody6 and Hermit. For the sake of comparing the influence of stellar mass-loss and relaxation processes, which are happening in the simplified model, two types of simulations were performed: one with the formation of gaseous particles and the other consisting of purely stellar component. The simulations in which the gas component was present showed out a significantly different evolution in the central part of the cluster than those in which the presence of gas was not considered.
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Determination of the mass distribution in the Galactic centre from the stellar motions
Schovancová, Jaroslava ; Šubr, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mayer, Pavel (referee)
We present an implementation of the statistical approach to the stars-gas mass exchange cycle into an N-body code. First, we summarize available data on stellar mass-loss and derive the time-dependency of the mass-loss rate of a single stellar population. Since the adopted probabilistic scheme that served as a basis for our implementation was limited to the linear star formation law while observations seem to suggest a non-linearity, we derive the non-linear star formation scheme. Both sides of the mass exchange cycle are then implemented into the code with stellar and gaseous particles and compared with an analytic recipe to test their reliability. In the next step, the comparison of such an extended statistical approach with deterministic scheme is performed for a fully dynamical model. The aim of the comparison is to explore divergence between both models of different natures. As an illustration of the code application and sensitivity of the resulting galaxy disk dynamics, several comparisons with varying the key parameters are performed.
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Particle motion in the vicinity of compact stellar objects
Čechura, Jan ; Šubr, Ladislav (referee) ; Hadrava, Petr (advisor)
In this thesis we discuss the properties of a radiation-driven stellar wind in an X-ray binary system. Using the parameters appropriate for the high mass Xray binary system Cygnus X-1, the effects of the compact companion on the stellar wind are examined. We have developed a full 3D hydrodynamic model of circumstellar mass based on a modified version of the Castor, Abbott & Klein line-driven mechanism. The effects of the compact companion - gravity and continuum radiation pressure - as well as the centrifugal and Coriolis force due to orbital motion are included. These forces subvert the spherical symmetry of the wind and lead to significantly different results then previous strictly radial hydrodynamic simulations.
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Mass segregation - theory and experience
Dinnbier, František ; Jungwiert, Bruno (referee) ; Šubr, Ladislav (advisor)
Mass segregation plays a key role in the evolution of self-gravitating systems. Due to a process of dynamical friction, i.e. a loss of the kinetic energy of heavier stars due to the interaction with many lighter stars, heavier stars concentrate in cores of star clusters. In this work we derive analytical estimate of the rate of this process. Because of its complexity we try to nd our estimate by studying stars on radial and circular orbits. We compare our results with outputs of numerical models. With their help we identify trajectories radii of which decrease with approximately equal rate as a half-mass radius of heavier stars.
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Chaos in motion around black holes
Suková, Petra ; Semerák, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šubr, Ladislav (referee)
The geodesic motion around Kerr black holes is regular, but this may change when an additional source is present, even if the space-time symmetry were not lowered. In this thesis we study the eect of a simple (static and axially symmetric) additional source on geodesic dynamics in the eld of a Schwarzschild black hole. In the static case the complete space-time can be described by an exact solution of Einstein equations thanks to a relatively simple superposition of the central-black-hole and the external-source metrics. Following the astrophysical motivation, we will specically consider, as the external source, the thin ring (linear source) of the Bach-Weyl type and innite thin discs (planar sources) of several types (inverted counter-rotating discs of Morgan and Morgan and the discs with power-law radial shape of density). The results may be relevant e.g. for a long-term behaviour of discrete sources (stars) in the eld of a very massive black hole in a galactic nucleus, surrounded by an accretion disc and/or by a massive toroid.
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Dynamics of young stars in the Galactic nucleus
Haas, Jaroslav ; Šubr, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mayer, Pavel (referee)
As observations show, there are two coherently rotating structures of a few tens of young stars in the centre of our Galaxy close to a supermassive black hole. One of them contains a very dense star cluster, so-called complex IRS 13E. There are some speculations there might be an intermediate mass black hole with mass of the order of 103 -104 M in its centre. Using numerical simulations of the stellar dynamics in the dominant potential of Sgr A* disturbed by IRS 13E and a spherically symmetric cluster of old stars, which is believed to be there too, I have set upper limits on the masses of both disturbers, which guarantee, that the disturbers' presence cannot be of a destructive inuence on observed conguration of the system. It comes out that the incidence of the spherically symmetric star cluster is very stabilizing. My results show that the upper mass limit of the IRS 13E can be an order of magnitude higher, when the spherical cluster is considered (6 × 104 M) in comparison to the case, when it is omitted (4,5 × 103 M).
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