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Changes in Ascending Aorta Wall in Aortic Valve Diseases - Clinico-Pathological Correlation
Stejskal, Václav ; Šteiner, Ivo (advisor) ; Grus, Tomáš (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee)
Changes in ascending aorta wall in aortic valve diseases - clinico-pathological correlation Ascending aorta is an initial portion of the thoracic aorta. Ascending aorta and aortic valve share an intimate anatomical position and influence each other hemodynamically. Surgical specimens from the ascending aorta are mostly removed for aortic aneurysm or dissection, which are the consequences of a wide range of risk factors, diseases, syndromes, or ageing. In most cases, aneurysms are asymptomatic being diagnosed incidentally during imaging for another reason. The dangerous clinical manifestation of aneurysms is called an acute aortic syndrome, including aortic dissection. Surgical replacement of the affected aorta by a prosthesis in either case (aneurysm and dissection) represents the method of choice. If the aortic valve displays a defect, it is possible to replace it as well. In 2015 and 2016, The Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and The Association for the European Cardiovascular Pathology published consensus documents on the aortic wall. The nomenclature and grading schemes are unified and specified in detail. The incidence and grading of particular lesions significantly differed in various studies until the consensus documents were published. Diseases of the aortic wall include medial...
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Differential diagnosis of selected rare benign tumors of the lung and pleura
Mukenšnabl, Petr ; Fakan, František (advisor) ; Vodička, Josef (referee) ; Šteiner, Ivo (referee)
Selected rare benign tumors of the lung and pleura were studied with special reference to immunohistochemical findings and their differential diagnosis. The major objective is to better characterize unusual rare pulmonary tumors, which are unknown to most pathologists not specialized in pulmonary pathology. Moreover the clinicians, in particular, radiologists, pneumologists, surgeons, and oncologists are not familiar with these rare tumors as well. Therefore, these rare entities may cause a considerable problems in differential diagnostics and therapeutic management of the patients. The study of rare benign pulmonary and pleural tumors includes the following entities: papillary adenoma, alveolar adenoma, mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus, granular cell tumor, lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the lungs, desmoid fibromatosis of the pleura, sclerosing hemangioma associated with carcinoid tumorlet tumor, sclerosing hemangioma with with regional lymph node metastases. A special emphasis is given to previously unrecognized rare entities we have characterized in the world literature, such as multiple recurrent glomangioma of the lung, epithelial plasma cell granuloma-like tumor of the lungs, glandular papilloma of bronchus arising in sclerosing hemangioma and chondroid hamartoma of the lung associated with...
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Study of Metastatic Processes and Response to Chemotherapy in Primary Cultures Obtained from Colorectal Carcinoma and Lymph Node Metastases
Krbal, Lukáš ; Šteiner, Ivo (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Němejcová, Kristýna (referee)
Study of metastatic processes and response to chemotherapy in primary cultures obtained from colorectal carcinoma and lymph node metastases Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Despite an implementation of primary population screening to detect premalignant lesions, the incidence and the mortality of the disease do not appear to decrease significantly. A significant percentage of patients still manifest with late (metastatic) stage of the disease. Isolation of primary cell cultures of colorectal carcinoma is a method in which a large number of tumour cells is obtained relatively rapidly under "in vitro" conditions. With a low number of passages the cells can retain most of the characteristics of the original cells "in vivo". Therefore, cell cultures are an ideal model for studying the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and chemoresistance, as well as markers involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Overall, samples from 60 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were obtained. Our intention was to take one sample from the primary tumour and another sample from the lymph node from each patient. From the primary tumours we successfully obtained 26 primocultures with a success rate of 45 % (26/58); from the collected lymph nodes we...
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Study of Metastatic Processes and Response to Chemotherapy in Primary Cultures Obtained from Colorectal Carcinoma and Lymph Node Metastases
Krbal, Lukáš ; Šteiner, Ivo (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Němejcová, Kristýna (referee)
Study of metastatic processes and response to chemotherapy in primary cultures obtained from colorectal carcinoma and lymph node metastases Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Despite an implementation of primary population screening to detect premalignant lesions, the incidence and the mortality of the disease do not appear to decrease significantly. A significant percentage of patients still manifest with late (metastatic) stage of the disease. Isolation of primary cell cultures of colorectal carcinoma is a method in which a large number of tumour cells is obtained relatively rapidly under "in vitro" conditions. With a low number of passages the cells can retain most of the characteristics of the original cells "in vivo". Therefore, cell cultures are an ideal model for studying the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and chemoresistance, as well as markers involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Overall, samples from 60 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were obtained. Our intention was to take one sample from the primary tumour and another sample from the lymph node from each patient. From the primary tumours we successfully obtained 26 primocultures with a success rate of 45 % (26/58); from the collected lymph nodes we...
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Atrial Fibrillation - Morphological and Electrophysiological Changes of the Atrial Myocardium
Matějková, Adéla ; Šteiner, Ivo (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Pařízek, Petr (referee)
Atrial fibrillation - morphological and electrophysiological changes of the atrial myocardium Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, was considered as pure functional disorder for long time. In recent years, there were identified atrial locations, which are involved in the initiation and maintenance of this arrhythmia. These structural changes, so called remodelation, start at electric level and later they affect contractility and morphology. We attempted to find a possible relation between morphological (scarring, isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA), left atrial (LA) enlargement) and electrophysiological (ECG features) changes in patients with AF. We examined grossly and histologically 70 hearts of necropsy patients - 44 with a history of AF (subclassified into two subgroups: PERM - patients with permanent or persistent AF - 20, and PAROX - patients with paroxysmal and newly diagnosed AF - 24), and 26 control cases without any history of AF. Premortem ECGs were evaluated. The patients with AF had significantly heavier hearts, larger LAs, more advanced fibrosis in atrial myocardium and more severe amyloidosis in both atria. The hearts of the PERM subgroup were the most affected. Severity of amyloidosis was significantly higher in the left vs. right atria. Distribution...
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Differential diagnosis of selected rare benign tumors of the lung and pleura
Mukenšnabl, Petr ; Fakan, František (advisor) ; Vodička, Josef (referee) ; Šteiner, Ivo (referee)
Selected rare benign tumors of the lung and pleura were studied with special reference to immunohistochemical findings and their differential diagnosis. The major objective is to better characterize unusual rare pulmonary tumors, which are unknown to most pathologists not specialized in pulmonary pathology. Moreover the clinicians, in particular, radiologists, pneumologists, surgeons, and oncologists are not familiar with these rare tumors as well. Therefore, these rare entities may cause a considerable problems in differential diagnostics and therapeutic management of the patients. The study of rare benign pulmonary and pleural tumors includes the following entities: papillary adenoma, alveolar adenoma, mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus, granular cell tumor, lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the lungs, desmoid fibromatosis of the pleura, sclerosing hemangioma associated with carcinoid tumorlet tumor, sclerosing hemangioma with with regional lymph node metastases. A special emphasis is given to previously unrecognized rare entities we have characterized in the world literature, such as multiple recurrent glomangioma of the lung, epithelial plasma cell granuloma-like tumor of the lungs, glandular papilloma of bronchus arising in sclerosing hemangioma and chondroid hamartoma of the lung associated with...
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