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Smokers, Snuffers and Cigarette Smokers: The Representation of the Consumers of Tobacco Products in the Public Sphere between 1864 and 1914
Holíková, Tereza ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the period discourse of tobacco product consumption in the Czech lands between the years 1864 and 1914 with main focus on the unifying and differentiating potential of tobacco. The aim of the thesis is to portray how the tobacco consumer was perceived, whether they were a pipe smoker, cigar smoker, a smoker of cigarettes newly mechanically massproduced in this period or individuals insufflating ground tobacco, usually called snuffers. The thesis deals with the representation of the physical appearance and characteristic attributes of tobacco consumers in period source material. It also tries to depict how the smoking and snuffing by women and children was perceived. This thesis also aims to capture the social distinction that tobbaco consumption was associated with and how it was perceived by individual social groups of the period. The representation of period social space and its segmentation in connection to tobacco consumption is also a part of this research. The thesis also addresses the interconnection of the period eugenics discourse and the tobacco discourse. A wide spectrum of period monographies and periodics dealing with tobacco consumption was analysed as well as selected period illustrations representing tobacco consumption. The source of...
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National Ideology of the Sokol Movement in the First Two Decades of its Existence
Formánková, Kateřina ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the linguistic representations in the early texts of Sokol and to show to what extent and how the discourse of Sokol is built on national- ideological grounds. I understand national ideology as a complex principle, yet unbounded and undefinable, which connects and develops certain assumptions, ideas and, in the case of the 19th century, especially ideals for their massive expansion and acclaim. This is happening through a specific Sokol discourse. Within this discourse, I will distinguish between different levels on which the ideals connecting gymnastic and nationalist interests are produced using different argumentative and narrative devices. The work contains of three analytical parts. The first one deals with the discursive mechanisms - repeated argumentation or narrative strategies and rhetorical devices. In the second part, I deal with Sokol conception of the ideal man and the third part deals with question, how specifically the ideal person is involved in the prosperity of the nation, therefore in the declared main objective of Sokol efforts. Keywords: Sokol, nation, ideology, physical education, health
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The Academic Milieu in Times of Communist Vetting - Higher Education in 1948-1956. Post-war Reform of Czech Higher Education and Is Origins
Jareš, Jakub ; Kopeček, Michal (advisor) ; Petráň, Josef (referee) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with a reform of Czech higher education after the Second World War. While traditional treatments follow the communist experiment from its beginnings until its 'inevitable' downfall in 1989, this work focuses on its roots and end with the adoption of the new Higher Education Act in 1950. This reversal of perspective reveals similarities between the communist reform and modernisation trends which influenced the development of higher education also in the West. We follow the discussion about the future of higher education, which went on in 1930s-1950s, try to see how universities tried to approach the tension between their freedoms and demands for serving the public, and analyse the way in which the communist reform responded to this issue. Czech higher education was formed by Humboldtian principles, which were partly implemented in mid-19th century. During the interwar period, this framework basically remained in place: higher education developed in terms of quantity rather than quality but certain problems with demanded attention also started coming to the fore. Attempts by the Ministry of Education to implement partial reforms met with resistance from the academic institutions and many academics focused on passionately defending the autonomy of universities. During the wartime, the...
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Transfigurations of the image of the Other in Czech travelogues of the long 19th century
Heller, Jan ; Putna, Martin (advisor) ; Havelka, Miloš (referee) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
Transfigurations of the image of the Other in Czech travelogues of the long 19th Century Abstract of the dissertation thesis Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Heller The thesis focuses on constructions of the image of the Other in Czech travelogues of the 19th century. The travelogue is a peripheral literary genre, both an artistic text and a historical source, and thus enables the viewer to combine perspectives of literary criticism and historical anthropology. Special attention is paid to religious motifs owing mainly to the fact that this theme has been left out of focus in the present research thanks to the emphasis on the linguistic and historic character of the Czech national emancipation movement. The intention of the thesis is to describe literary techniques in the individual travelogues (direct representations, narrative strategies, topics, attributes of characters) and the function they serve in the building of the image of the Other and thus of the image of oneself at the same time. The goal ...
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Dynamics of funerary rituals and modernization processes of the 19th and 20th century in Roman Catholic parish deanery Český Dub
Havelková, Michaela ; Šima, Karel (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to map the form and development of funeral customs in the southern part of the Roman Catholic parish Český Dub - in the collature of the church of St. Jakub Major in Letařovice from the middle of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century. The focus is on the local village community, its experience of the death of its own member and the form of the funeral rite, which allowed the deceased to pass from the world of the living to the world of the dead. The work analyzes funeral rituals and their development through the prism of the theory of rites of passage, specifically through the perspective of Victor Turner and the analysis of the liminal phase. It also shows the reason for ritual behavior and its performative parts. The work reflects the modernization and secularization of society and tries to reveal their influence on the rituality of burials in Letařovice. It analyzes with bureaucratization and sanitation of funeral homes. The first part of this diploma thesis presents the development of burial in the Czech lands and regional historical context. Furthermore, the traditional rural funeral in the Letařovice cemetery, its spiritual and secular part, is depicted and analyzed, as it looked for the entire period - farewell in the mourning house,...
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Who leaves academia and why? Professional identity development of early career researchers and its field and gender specific
Cidlinská, Kateřina ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vostal, Filip (referee) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The thesis follows the research stream focused on changes to the academic environment in the recent decades and their impact on academic professional paths and identities. Specifically, it is concerned with the phenomenon of attrition from academic profession which is pursued through a perspective of professional identity. We understand academic identities as an integral part of current changes to the academic environment and their study thus may help us better understand the changes as well as their influence on the development of academic ambitions. The aim of the thesis is to ascertain what kind of people and with what kind of professional identities enter and leave academia and for what reasons, and on this basis to identify barriers to the development of academic identities and paths. Special attention is paid to research field and gender aspects of the development of professional identities in order to explore the possible influence of specific structural factors (mainly field specific organization of academic production and gender specific biographies) and gain information needed for appropriate policy measures aimed at supporting professional development of early-career researchers. The analysis is based on narrative interviews with people who left academic professional path. The outcome of...
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Identity of German Bohemians (Sudeten Germans) Through Local Culture and Heritage in the Upper Nisa Region
Mezerová, Jana ; Hlavačka, Milan (advisor) ; Macková, Marie (referee) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
There was considerable focus on local culture and heritage in the last quarter of the 19th century in the regions with a predominantly German Bohemians population. Regional identity was shaped to a significant extent by publications on local culture and heritage ("Heimatkunde"), often designed for teaching in schools. With the German-speaking population spread out around the periphery of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia, there was no obvious centre for formation of German Bohemians identity and for a long time there was no uniform character to that identity. It was then manifested most strongly in the various regions. This dissertation is based on analysis and comparison of Heimatkunde publications. I have defined categories for examination of Heimatkunde: landscape (geography), heritage (history), progress (modernity) and people (ethnography), which correspond to the original breakdown of Heimatkunde and are also considered relevant by authors looking at the development of national movements. Definition of group identity is dominated by nationalism, especially as regards the second half of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century. The focus of this dissertation is comparison of Heimatkunde publications from three neighbouring areas in the Upper Neisse region, differing primarily...
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Prostitution: Pimping on the Czech territory with an overlap into thze European context at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Husová, Tereza ; Šima, Karel (advisor) ; Lupták Burzová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of prostitution, within it specializes in economic activity that mediates prostitution, ie pimping. The topic of pimping is examined mainly in the Czech territory with overlaps into the European context, and it is situated mainly in larger and capital cities. The period of the research is the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this work is to describe the form and types of pimping, to analyze the characteristics of pimping people, the relationships between pimping people, prostitutes and clients and their position in society. The analysis will be based on contemporary literature on pimping in various genres and will follow the question of why pimping is the worst position in prostitution. The thesis will use the methods of collective biography. Keywords: Prostitution, pimping, types of pimping, prostitutes, customers, public, Czech territory, European context, turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
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The End of Baráčníks in the Society of Experience?
Holas, Václav ; Šima, Karel (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee)
The aim of this work is to help claryfying the question of why members of baráčník's clubs, who are engaged in maintaining national traditions, are nowadays talking about the decline or even the end of their movement and how they are trying to resist this threat. Baráčník's movement is understood in this work as an artificially created tradition of the late 19th century, which is confronted with today's social reality, which according to one theory, can also be described as an society of experience. In the first phase of the thesis, it is first introduced how, on the basis of concrete arrangements, a centrally organized movement focused on the care of national customs and traditions emerged from the network of pubs table companies. It is monitored how the headquarter of baráčník's movement worked on standardization of baráčník's ideology, symbolism and program. It also shows how these changes in ideology were approached by the members themselves and the public. Special attention is focused on finding the answer, why it was possible that baráčník's clubs have not been canceled in the era of communist regime. In the second phase are solved the problems, how baráčníks organize their activities today, how they thematize their problems with lack of interest in their program and finally how they present...
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