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Study of opioid receptors
Cechová, Kristína ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
1 ABSTRACT In this Thesis, we studied properties of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen. This splenocytes were exposed to mitogen concanavalin A or opiate morphine and cultivated for 48 hours. Under physiological conditions, level of opioid receptors in immune cells is very low. Due to various factors such as presence of opioids, mitogens, long-term exposition to stress, expression of these receptors can be amplified. In this study we demonstrated, that concanavalin A causes up-regulation of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen. In control cells no significant signal of μ- or δ-receptors was observed. In contrast, κ-opioid receptors were detected already in control cells. Concanavalin A stimulation caused a 2.4 - fold increase of these receptors. In lymphocytes treated with morphine only μ-opioid receptors were up-regulated, whereas in control cells, there was no signal for these receptor type. δ-opioid receptors were not detected in control or morphine treated cells. κ-opioid receptors were determined in control and also in morphine affected lymphocytes but the amount of these receptors wasn't changed by morphine. Detection of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors using Western blot technique in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen, that were...
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The effects of opioid ligands on their receptors in model cells (e.g. lymphocytes, neural cells, cell lines)
Cechová, Kristína ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee) ; Jakubík, Jan (referee)
Morphine and other opioids are powerful drugs used for pain relief, but their clinical use has limitations as prolonged treatment leads to tolerance and addiction. Opioids bind to opioid receptors, and besides pain, they regulate mood and stress. Even though the primary role of opioids and opioid receptors is in the central nervous system, they also affect the immune system. The mechanisms of how they affect the immune system, but also the mechanisms of tolerance and addiction build-out, are not fully understood. These processes may be demonstrated as changes in the opioid receptor expression level, alteration in their function or oligomeric state. The dimerization of opioid receptors is a controversial topic in literature with many contradictory results. In this work, changes in the protein level of opioid receptors in the rat forebrain cortex were not observed after morphine treatment. However, a specific increase in the amount of µ- opioid receptors was determined in rat lymphocytes, using flow cytometry. In other studies, an increased mRNA level of the µ-opioid receptor was connected with immunosuppression. The increased µ-opioid receptor protein level indicates a similar effect. The overall effect of morphine on the protein composition of lymphocytes was determined by proteomic analysis. The...
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Study of opioid receptors
Cechová, Kristína ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
1 ABSTRACT In this Thesis, we studied properties of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen. This splenocytes were exposed to mitogen concanavalin A or opiate morphine and cultivated for 48 hours. Under physiological conditions, level of opioid receptors in immune cells is very low. Due to various factors such as presence of opioids, mitogens, long-term exposition to stress, expression of these receptors can be amplified. In this study we demonstrated, that concanavalin A causes up-regulation of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen. In control cells no significant signal of μ- or δ-receptors was observed. In contrast, κ-opioid receptors were detected already in control cells. Concanavalin A stimulation caused a 2.4 - fold increase of these receptors. In lymphocytes treated with morphine only μ-opioid receptors were up-regulated, whereas in control cells, there was no signal for these receptor type. δ-opioid receptors were not detected in control or morphine treated cells. κ-opioid receptors were determined in control and also in morphine affected lymphocytes but the amount of these receptors wasn't changed by morphine. Detection of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors using Western blot technique in lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen, that were...
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Functional activity of opioid receptors in membrane domains
Cechová, Kristína ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
7 ABSTRACT In this Thesis, we examined the influence of morphine administration to the laboratory rats on the amount of µ-opioid receptors and caveolins in their cerebral cortex. Effect of morphine is known to be caused by its binding to opiod receptors, in particular to the µ subtype, and a long-term exposure to morphine reduces the functionality and number of these receptors as part of the resulting tolerance and addiction. Caveolins are proteins essential for formation of the membrane microdomains of caveolae, although it is known today that presence of these proteins is not limited to caveolae and their function is probably independent of these domains (they may participate in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, lipid transport, etc.). The function of caveolins in brain cells is not precisely known yet. In the experimental part of this work, we used the Western blot method to estimate the presence of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 in the cerebral cortex of the rats after ten-days morphine application and in control animals. A significant increase of caveolin-1 was observed after morphine treatment as compared to control animals; a smaller, non-significant increase of caveolin-2 was also found. The amount of μ-opioid receptors in morphine affected animals was significantly decreased compared to...
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Distribution of medicines in Slovak republic
Čechová, Kristína ; Mervart, Michal (advisor) ; Zrubcová, Dana (referee)
The Master thesis is dedicated to distribution of drugs and medicines in Slovak republic. The first chapter includes definition of logistics and describes the basic concepts of supply chain management. It also explains the main reasons for including distributors and pharmacies in distribution channel and what are their main roles. The Slovak health policy, legislation, and specificities of pharmaceutical industry are described in the thesis too. The last chapter of the first part deals with the price regulation and explains how the prices are created. The practical part includes the analysis of Slovak pharmaceutical market. The last chapters are crucial to understand the problem. I described here how three real companies -- pharmacies and a distributor work and operate on the market and I tried to find the best ways how to optimize their processes. The current trends in data synchronization and standardization are also included.
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Logistics of medical facilities
Čechová, Kristína ; Mervart, Michal (advisor) ; Zrubcová, Dana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is dedicated to logistic support of medical facilities. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts of logistic. It describes operations, economics, activity and specificities of medical facilities. The last chapters of theoretical part deal with the information about the purchase and management of resources in health service. The practical part includes a description of a real situation of logistic support in two specific hospitals. It also includes a comparison of expenditures which arise in relation to supply management in the chosen departments of these hospitals. Contrasts are also dealt with.
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