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Violation of human rights within the American War on Terror: Case study Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib
Žižková, Andrea ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
The principle aim of my work titled "Violations of human rights within the American War on Terror: A case study of Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib" is an attempt to show that violations of human rights, in prisons built by the United States for suspected terrorists, were not only committed by a number of lower-ranked soldiers, but by the American government, who provided suitable conditions for such practices. By becoming familiar with the basic principles of international treaties and agreements covering human rights and the rights of prisoners, as well as by examining American orders and memoranda after September 11th, this paper introduces the environment in which the controversial actions against prisoners could have arisen. Practices that violate international principles are explored in two main chapters, derived from the prisons in which they were committed. A separate section is also dedicated to the status of enemy combatant, which the United States decided to use to label all captured members of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, thus denying them due process under the Geneva Conventions. Together with all these aspects the paper provides a perspective on the difficulties of prisoners' legal rights during a unique security conflict, which the War on Terror following September 11th, 2001 undoubtedly is.
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Colorimeter for Medical Applications with NFC Connections
Šobich, Adam ; Čížek, Martin (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
This Master’s thesis deals with assembling of a colorimeter using NFC technology. The theoretical part introduces the principles of colorimetric measurement, calibration curve, and important physical quantities. Further, the principle of NFC technology, its architecture, and division of NFC devices are described. The goal of the practical part is to propose a structural design and software solution of a colorimeter. Particular emphasis is placed on the selection of the RGB sensor that is being tested and its results are being analyzed. The construction of electrical circuit and microprocessor control are being solved. The manuscript deals with the implementation of an application for the Android operating system, which serves as the user interface of the colorimeter. Obtaining data from the sensor and storing it in a memory of the NFC tag is provided by the Arduino platform. Issues that were encountered during the work are analyzed in the discussion.
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Luxmeter
Hrbáček, Michal ; Čížek, Martin (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
In this work, we introduce tha basics of lighting techniques and methods of measuring working. There is also method of measuring those working intensities and hygiene limits in this working area. Next part of this work will be systém luxmeters with a measuring range from 20 to 1000 lux. Work will include the overall wiring diagram,drawing, process kontrol block and parts list.
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Elektromagnetic field mapping in tissue
Port, Martin ; Čížek, Martin (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is an introduction to the modeling of electromagnetic fields in the tissue and is focused on the knowledge of electromagnetic field theory. Maxwell's equations and their solutions are described the spread of plane waves in the environment. It also discusses the exposure limit values of specific absorbed power and hygienic limits based on the standards in force in the Czech Republic on health protection against nonionizing radiation in accordance with Government Regulation No. 106/2010 Coll. It also deals with the software interface in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 for solving physical modeling and simulation. There is mention of the RF module, which is used for modeling. Work mentions in detail about the menu of the program and the most important part - the Model Builder.
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Transformation of the United States-Vietnam relations in the past two decades
Linhart, Tomáš ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This thesis deals with the transformation of the american-vietnamese relations after the Vietnam War. The work monitors the situation prior to the official establishment of diplomatic relations, analyses the international context essential for those changes. After the war, Vietnam was techically isolated for 20 years and for a long time suffered by both the social and economic ramifications of the conflict. However, during the presidency of Barack Obama Vietnam turned into a strategic partner. The thesis aims to clarify the current relations and also offer an extensive outline of the present situation inside the Vietnamese society - for that reason, 3 respondents originally from Vietnam were questioned. The thesis also aims to answer the following questions: how a hated enemy could possibly become a partner and under what circumstances (political, social, economic and also geopolitical) are needed. The first part of the paper offers a brief history overview, in the second, more extensive and more important one, the paper deals with current situation in Vietnam and diplomatic and economic changes that happened after the war had ended and mainly after the official ties were established.
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Laser standard for precise length and time metrology
Pravdová, Lenka ; Hrabina, Jan ; Čížek, Martin ; Číp, Ondřej
We present the development and the achieved parameters of the telecom C-band optical frequency laser standard. Compact and robust laser system based on ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser achieves relative frequency stabilities from 9e-13/1s down to 8e-14/256s levels and can serve as stable frequency source for applications of dissipation of precise time and frequency, wavelength calibrations in optical telecommunication or laser interferometry measurement systems.
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Stabilized laser for spectroscopy on trapped calcium ions
Čížek, Martin ; Pham, Minh Tuan ; Lešundák, Adam ; Hucl, Václav ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Hrabina, Jan ; Lazar, Josef ; Číp, Ondřej
The paper focuses on the ongoing development of clock laser assembly operating at a wavelength of 729 nm, which will be used for 40Ca+ calcium spectroscopy. As a primary source of coherent radiation, a diode laser with an external resonator operating at a wavelength of 729 nm is used. The width of the spectral line of the free-running laser is approx. 300 kHz. The laser is tunable by a piezoelectric actuator in the range of 10 GHz with a maximum bandwidth of 2 kHz. Fast fine-tuning in hundreds of MHz is possible by modulating the pump current of the laser diode with 50MHz bandwidth. The optical frequency of the laser is locked by means of electronic control loops on a resonator with a finesse better than 300 000 with a mode spectral width of approx. 8 kHz. The cavity of the resonator is made of ULE material and placed in a thermally stabilized vacuum chamber. The entire optical assembly is mounted on an active anti-vibration pad in a wooden box plated with acoustic and thermal isolation. The tuning of the primary laser to the resonator mode is detected by the Pound-Drever-Hall technique.
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Trapping and cooling of single ions for frequency metrology and quantum optics experiments
Slodička, L. ; Pham, Minh Tuan ; Lešundák, Adam ; Hucl, Václav ; Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Lazar, Josef ; Obšil, P. ; Filip, R. ; Číp, Ondřej
Single trapped ions trapped in Paul traps correspond to ideal candidates for realization of extremely accurate optical atomic clocks and practical studies of the light–atom interactions and nonlinear mechanical dynamics. These systems benefit from both, the superb isolation of the ion from surrounding environment and excellent control of its external and internal\ndegrees of freedom, at the same time, which makes them exquisite platforms for experimental studies and applications of light matter interaction at its most fundamental level. The exceptional degree of control of single or few ion's state enabled in past decade number of major advancements in the applications from the fields of experimental quantum information\nprocessing and frequency metrology, including recent realization of scalable Shor's\nalgorithm, fractional uncertainties of the frequency measurements close to 10-18 level, or simulations of complex quantum many-body effects. These results, together with the rapid advancements in the production of low-noise segmented micro-traps, promise prompt access to long-desired regimes of quantum optomechanics and further development and applications\nof optical atomic clocks.
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SMV-2017-22: Development of a multiaxis interferometric system of coordinate measurement
Holá, Miroslava ; Lazar, Josef ; Hucl, Václav ; Čížek, Martin
The aim of the project of the contractual research was development of a multiaxis interferometric system for coordinate measurement. This system make possible to contactless measurement of displacement in axis x, y with compensation refractive index of air. The emphasis was placed on with high accuracy and repeatability measurement on nanometre level for wavelength 633 nm. Part of the contractual research was development and realization driving system for detection of signals. We used homodyne detection system. The measurement system was tested in laboratory and then was installed in the aim system.
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Numerical determination of the scattering length for atomic collisions
Basler, Ondřej ; Houfek, Karel (advisor) ; Čížek, Martin (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to compare numerical methods designed for the determination of scattering length for atomic collisions. We compare nume- rical solutions calculated by the method of direct integration of the Schrödinger equation, the variable phase equation, the Riccati equation for the scattering length and the method of exterior complex scaling. Methods are tested on the exponential potential and the empirical potential of the Cs-Cs dimer. Calculated scattering lengths are further compared with results from other autors. 1
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