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AUDITIVE PERCEPTION BY PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
Kodetová, Jana ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Růžičková, Hana (referee)
Subject matter of the diploma thesis is an analysis certain areas of auditive perception by pre-school children. Concretely, the matters of the thesis are syllable analysis, synthesis, auditive discrimination, rhymes, sound analysis, synthesis and handling in phonetic word structure. In this diploma thesis I have focused my attention to the problems of auditive perception in specified intact group of pre-school aged children before their entry to compulsory school attendance. Base for the study are pieces of knowledge from related list of resources. The conclusions this survey are based on quantitative assay of children in day nursery school. Key words: auditive perception, areas of auditive perception, phonemic and phonologic awareness, phonemic ear, diagnostics of auditive perception
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Equipment used by the Army of the Czech Republic during radiation emergencies.
ANTOŠKIN, Sergej
This thesis deals with the possibility of support of the integrated rescue system with assigned Army detachments. The theoretical part summarizes the transformation of the Ministry of Defence which had a major impact on the extent of the assistance provided. All rescue battalions were canceled and three engineer battalions and two separate rescue companies were created. Two rescue battalions were transformed into light motorized battalions and forwarded to the subordination of the Fourth and Seventh Mechanized Brigade. Organizational components of the ACR allocate a number of specialized teams for support intervening IRS. These include teams for ground and aerial radiation survey and decontamination detachments of people and technology, as well as some others, such as rescue detachment, detachment of transport humanitarian aid, a subunit of the earthwork, a subunit of the blasting and demolition, and more. Conditions requiring deployment of detachment vary according to the type of the assistance requested. They are primarily intended deployment Permanent Standby Force as planned assistance on request. This is the detachments in the central alarm plan and in accordance with the Act on the IRS ACR is required to provide such assistance. In providing assistance in dealing with radiological emergencies, ACR is equipped with a large number of devices, equipment and technologies. These are mainly radiometers, personal and group dosimeters. In the decontamination means is a habitat for decontamination of people and habitat for decontamination techniques LINE-82nd. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze whether the equipment ACR is still up-to-date with the times and that will be sufficient in comparison with similar Fire Rescue equipment. In the event of a radiation emergency is important to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the population and the affected people. The lower limit of measurement was elected as the main comparing of the parameters measuring devices. In the case of decontamination of the equipment, attention was focused on the capacity of decontaminated people and technology. Carried out research revealed that earmarked detachments are equipped with measuring devices of varying ages and abilities. Some devices have been created at the time of the risk of nuclear war. This corresponds to their durable construction and a relatively high threshold, which is insufficient for the conditions solving a radiation accident in peaceful state. In addition, some of these instruments provide information and the measured value in the old, disused units, which can cause transmission of misleading information. Other devices are, however, modern, ergonomic, highly sensitive at low dose rate values, providing real-time information on the clear LCD display. Unique capabilities of the ACR give the possibility of performing aerial radiation survey, which greatly helps to keep the overview and assessment of future developments spread of radioactivity in the environment. The equipment ACR is quite outdated in the area of decontamination technology. Again, it originated at the time of the risk of nuclear war. The priority was a simple construction and operation, the ability of decontamination of large numbers of affected persons and equipment. However, there was practically no environmental solutions, separate showers for men and women and water consumption. On the other hand, the number of decontamination equipment of ACR virtually doubles the capacity of the firefighters equipment, which in terms of large accidental release of radioactive substances and decontaminated large number of people and technology is a distinct advantage. Overall, the Army units are able to qualitatively and quantitatively support the affecting IRS components and thus contribute significantly to dealing with radiological emergencies of any kind.
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The cooperation between the nurse and the patient in a trauma surgery
SEMÉNKOVÁ, Vladana
Subject: This work finds out about the cooperation from the viewpoint of the nurse and from the viewpoint of the patient in a trauma surgery. Research group: The research group in the qualitative research consisted of 7 nurses who worked in trauma surgeries in Nemocnice Znojmo and in Nemocnice České Budějovice hospitals.In case of quantitative research, the research group consisted of patients who would visit the trauma surgeries in Nemocnice Znojmo and Nemocnice České Budějovice hospitals. The results: In the qualitative part of the research, I found out that the nurses come across with a wide range of injuries; most frequently with head injuries, various types of wounds and fractures. Different kinds of injuries require specific communication with the patient, and this is used by almost all of the respondents. In the subcategory of the arrival of the patient at the clinic, the nurses act in different ways; they usually greet and welcome the patient; then the results differ some nurses address and identify the patient, find out about the patient's condition, they lead him / her into the surgery, they help him / her to sit or lie down, other prepare him / her for the examination or treatment, if necessary calm him / her down or they instruct him / her and explain everything. Apart from different types of injuries, the nurse comes across with different types of patients. The patients are often aggressive, under the influence of drugs, anxious, depressed, narcissistic, but also quiet and balanced. A problematic patient may mean different things for different nurses, but usually it is an aggressive and drunk patient. Nonverbal communication is often used in the surgery. The most frequent element of mimics is a smile, and of haptics are a caress and giving a hand.The family is an important part; the nurses engage the family via the phone, by education, explanation, instruction, giving information and interview. Education is in progress with the patients themselves as well. This ranges from how to take care of the plaster or the orthosis, how to prevent the thrombosis, how to keep healthy lifestyle and use the rehabilitation aids. Less frequent, but not less important, is the education concerning pains. The patients may cooperate by following the recommendations, understanding and concentration, patience, the patients' will to make a change. Bad cooperation may occur if the patients are impatient, they do not follow the recommendations, or they are unapproachable. Longer waiting time may also be a problem.Nurses usually set the priorities by themselves, sometimes with the assistance of the doctor. The main aim is the contentment of the patient, well done work, correct treatment of the patient and a good working team. Nurses' competences also include expert skills such as rebandaging, plastering, punctures, assisting the doctors and patients, education, applying the aids, taking care of the instruments, sending to an examination, care after the operation, making reservations to further appointments.The nurse leads the patients into the surgery, but in most cases she does not introduce herself. According to the results, the nurses maintain eye contact and listen to the patient. The nurses expressed themselves, according to the respondents, in a simple and intelligible way. Many nurses were really interested in the patient and his / her problems. They acted in a very pleasant way the whole time and said good bye when the patient was leaving. Conclusions: According to both types of the research I can say that the cooperation is very good on both sides.
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Sampling of persistent organic compounds using SPMDs: Advantages and disadvantages
Čáslavský, Josef ; Kotlaříková, Pavla ; Benešová, Karolína ; Doškářová, Š. ; Hamrusová, M.
Passive sampling methods gain more and more popularity for the sampling of persistent organic pollutants in the environment, including air. These passive samplers are substantially cheaper than standard active sampling methods, their deployment is simpler, they don't need electricity, thus they can be deployed even in very distant regions. They offer an itegrative response, therefore these samplers are especially suitable for monitoriong purposes. For quantitative evaluation it is necessary to establish the values of sampling rates for individual compounds. In the presented study these values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were evaluated from the comparison of the results of passive sampling using SPMDs and standard active sampling method.
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Current Status and Future Perspectives of the Homes for the Erderly in South Bohemian Region
ŠÍDLOVÁ KUNSTOVÁ, Natálie
Bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of capacity in retirement homes in South Bohemian Region. The aim is not only to analyze the current state, but also the possibility of future development of capacity in these facilities. The reason for the necessity of retirement homes and their sufficient capacity for the future is the main prerequisite of constantly lengthening of life expectancy and the corresponding increase of number but also the proportion of seniors in the total population. The theoretical introduction is devoted to define the basic concepts of age and aging. Attention is also focused on individual theories of aging, age and periodicity of old age. Marginally are also mentioned symptoms of age. There is also described the characteristic of retirement homes such as social services, including basic activities. With the regard to the focus of the work, there are presented retirement homes in South Bohemian Region and current and future trends of population development in this region. The analytical part is realized by quantitative research, which was conducted in two directions questioning retirement homes by a questionnaire survey, supplemented by telephone interviews and searching for data from publicly available publications, and by constructing model projections, which point to the possible impact of demographic aging on the current capacity of retirement homes. The sample consisted of 35 retirement homes in South Bohemian Region, the success of the cooperation was about 66 %. The results were clearly tabulated, enhanced with images and conclusions based on information obtained through the survey and model projections, analyzed in detail in the subsequent discussion. It can be assumed that the objective of the present study were met and hypotheses confirmed. The results could be used in the future strategic planning of social services in the South Bohemian Region. The thesis could be an incentive e.g. for mapping the capacities for other residential facilities of the South Bohemian Region.
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Indoor air quality in kindergartens and primary schools L. Kuby 48, České Budějovice
TUREK, Jan
The bachelor thesis deals with the quality of the internal environment at primary school and kindergarten L. Kuby 48, České Budějovice which are connected in one area. Its substance is the measurement of carbon dioxide, humidity and temperature in relation to the time and its impact on pupils based on my own observations and findings. The thesis also includes a survey on the basis of which was evaluated the connection of primary and nursery schools. The establishment of primary school is dated in 1927. The Kindergarten was established in 2011 in the former area school clubs built in 1969. Quality of internal and external environment is getting worse and is still a hot topic. Indoor air is dependent on many factors which is influenced by. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first, the theoretical part deals with general and specific knowledge of pollutants occurring in the internal environment of buildings, their increase or decrease and the reasons for change and the overview of concentrations reported in the literature and legislation. In my thesis are mentioned the individual components of indoor air, their causes, sources. Of these substances I focus on a substance which most influences the quality of indoor climate and that is the carbon dioxide or CO2. This compound is introduced in my thesis. There are presented its usual concentration in the interior and the exterior, sources and health consequences which may be caused by high concentrations. The carbon dioxide has according to applicable legislation limiting concentration of 1000 ppm. During the measurements acquired by values in the indoor environment from 705 ppm to 3225 ppm. The threshold of concentration for this thesis was set at 1500 ppm. In the second, the empirical part, were used two methods of processing. The first method was a secondary analysis of data obtained from primary school and kindergarten L. Kuby 48 and on the basis of my investigation. The results of measurement and investigations are presented in my thesis. I present the measured values which were investigated. The survey was conducted in six rooms. For each surveyed room is described the current situation at the time of measurement, specified and graphically measured values. For the measurements in most cases was set up so called the step of measurements for period of two minutes i.e., every two minutes were recorded actual measured values of studied variables, which were then processed and evaluated. In all classes were found to exceed the limit concentrations of carbon dioxide. The temperature and the humidity were acceptable according to the legislative regulations. The second method is the method used for querying the use of quantitative research by technique of an anonymous questionnaire stated in the annex. During this investigation was asked a total of 140 respondents. For the assessment has been used 127 questionnaires. Between those interviewed were children of secondary school, also parents of children from primary school and parents of children from kindergarten. Questionnaires were statistically analysed and evaluated on the basis of the hypothesis. By the following research, were both stated hypotheses confirmed. In the case of the first hypothesis that the combination of primary and nursery schools in one area is an advantage for parents and children 75.78% of respondents answered YES. The remaining 24.22% answered NO or did not answer. When querying on the second hypothesis, whether the parents are satisfied with the operation of primary schools and kindergartens L. Kuby 48, 82.35% of respondents answered YES. The remaining 17.65% of the respondents answered NO or did not answer again. The respondents' answers and evaluation of questionnaires is graphically recorded in the thesis. Parts of this thesis are attached photographs which document the progress of measurements.
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Teoretické studium difúze iontů dúležitých pro analýzu dechu metodou SIFT-MS
Dryahina, K. ; Španěl, Patrik
Accuracy of quantitative Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry SIFT-MS is ultimately determined by the proper accounting in the data analysis for the effect of differential diffusion. Diffusion loss of the product ions can be typically lower by a factor of up to 3 in comparison with the precursor ions. Hard sphere model of diffusion of polyatomic ions in helium has been used to calculate diffusion coefficients of the precursor and product ions involved in SIFT-MS quantification of common breath metabolites ammonia, acetone, isoprene, acetaldehyde and ethanol. Calculation involves semiempirical PM3 method for determination of the geometries of the ions, numerical averaging of the geometrical cross section for collisions with helium atoms and construction of a model interaction (12, 4) model potential followed by the analytical calculation of ionic mobility using momentum-transfer collision integral. Finally the values of diffusion enhancement factors have been calculated.
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Estimation of the distribution of groundconcentrations from point sources in complex terrain-by simulation in the wind-tunnel
Plášilová, Eva ; Keder, Josef (referee) ; Zelinger, Zdeněk (advisor)
Estimation of the distribution of ground concentrations from point sources in complex terrain - by simulation in the wind-tunnel Eva Plasilova 2009 - Charles University in Prague Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection V Holesovickach 2 18000 PrahaS Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of thermomechanics, v. v. i. Dolejskova 5 18200 PrahaS Abstract of rigorousthesis Task of this work has been to monitor the behaviour and to estimate the concentration of pollutants in atmosphere. To-this purpose was selected as a model town Jablonne nad Orlici and as a technical solution to the problem was physical modeling in the wind-tunnel (in scale 1:1000). First of all, I define important terms (mainly turbulence, atmospheric boundary layer), equations: that describe atmospheric motions, and give account of wind-tunnel and methods of measurement. I estimated the concentrations above the ground qualitatively (vissually - using laser knife) and quantitatively (using the infrared analyzer IREX and the flame ionization detector FID). . High imission load in a densely settled part of the town Jablonne nad Orlici was demonstrated. From the theoretical point of view I tested the influence of the complex terrain and of the source-parameters on the dispersion of...
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The Issue of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescents
FILIPOVÁ, Darina
Researches focused on the issues of alcohol addiction performed in the Czech Republic show that the number of alcohol addicts is higher every year and alcoholism has become a serious public health problem. There are more and more addicts every year, which is except others backed by the words that MUDr. Petr Popov, senior consultant of the Addiction Treatment Department of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague, said to the Právo daily on 10 March 2010: ?We used to have about 300 thousand alcohol addicts. Now there are between 600 and 700 thousand. There are twice as many men as women, but women have been gaining on men?. As an article in the Mladá Fronta Dnes of 21 February 2012 says, the number of young alcohol consumers is increasing, while about a fifth of 16 year olds admit drinking five or more glasses at least three times a month. This results from 2011 research quoted in the above article. My thesis dealing with the issues of alcohol addiction in teenagers wants to map the situation among teenagers of České Budějovice region and their knowledge of the impacts of excessive alcohol consumption on their personal and family lives, social lives and relations. The theoretical part deals with the problems of the process and occurrence of alcohol addiction in general and with the social and health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption, with the factors influencing teenagers to consumption of alcohol and other drugs and prevention in the field of addiction focused on teenagers. In the research part I particularly focus on socioeconomic background of young respondents, personal experience with alcohol and marginally on the other addictive substances. I also focus on mapping the knowledge of the consequences of alcohol consumption, influence of environment and of free time activities. I applied quantitative research, in the form of a questionnaire. My research shows that most of teenagers are aware of the consequences of alcohol consumption or abuse, but they do not limit alcohol consumption in their lives and they actually increase its consumption as they are growing older. More systematic application of training seminars focused on more consistent care about personal and social development and better orientation of free time activities can definitely contribute to prevention of alcohol abuse, of addiction development among teenagers, to further improvement of their knowledge and skills used for alcohol consumption reduction and consequent addiction. Better legislation measures in the field of punishing young users of alcohol and drugs would undoubtedly contribute as well.
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