|
Factors determining plant species diversity and species composition in suburban landscape
Čepelová, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Roleček, Jan (referee)
Studium vegetace v příměstské a postindustriální krajině je na okraji zájmu, ačkoliv tyto oblasti tvoří stále významnější část území Evropy. Práce zachycuje diverzitu a druhové složení vegetace příměstské krajiny u města Kladna pomocí pravidelné sítě o 242 fytocenologických snímcích. Zkoumá vliv abiotických faktorů a struktury krajiny na zaznamenanou vegetaci jako celek, i na jednotlivé typy - polní, nelesní, lesní. Vegetace příměstské krajiny je relativně druhově bohatá, do značné míry určená využitím a strukturou krajiny, význam mají i abiotické faktory. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
Formální kompozice v soudobém zahradním umění
Horký, Martin
The focus of the bachelor thesis is clear from the name. The main focus is therefore the formal presentation of the composition, it's general principles, the nature of the basic compositional elements and its development. The first stage is processed in the form of a literature review deals with the general characteristic of formal composition and the form of basic compositional elements in it applied. There is also briefly introduced the development landscape design from antiquity to the present, focusing just on formal composition. There is also partially outlined the influence of other garden architectural styles to the composition of the major contributors. The next section is introduced five existing implementation, in which a formal composition is applied. For each of them discloses a composition, operation and technical nature and vegetation elements. This characteristic is accompanied by a description of the authors and the views of local users. Part of the project, which is located on the territory of the Czech Republic and part is located abroad. All of these realizations are public spaceses. Based on a literature review was created draft, using the principles of formal composition in the corresponding public space.
|
|
Distinct eco-phenomena in Central Europe
Majerová, Martina ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The subject of essay is eco-phenomena and its influence on landscape diversity. The essay contains definitions of particular eco-phenomena types and attributes elaboration focused on extraordinariness of this effect. Each eco-phenomena type is described, his uniqueness is illustrated on examples of local vegetation types and eco-phenomena description is completed by concrete locations with this sort of effect. Next part of the essay contains information about distribution particular eco- phenomena locations on the Czech Republic territory. There are information about description mentioned locations and sorting according to bio geographic classification of the Czech Republic. There is map included. Key words: eco-phenomena, phenomena, biodiversity, geodiversity, landscape
|
|
Amaranth unconventional food in human nutrition
ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Irena
The subject of the Bachelor thesis is amaranth as an innovative component in human nutrition. Genus Amaranthus L. belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae. Amaranth is an annual dicotyledonous C4 plant. The seeds are smooth, lenticular and in cultural species are pink or yellow up to cream-colored. In the Czech Republic the weight of thousands of seeds circles around 0.6 to 0.8 grams. The whole aboveground part of the plant is edible. Usually people consume only seeds and leaves. Plant species grown for its seeds are Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus caudatus. Some species are grown as a leaf vegetable, such as Amaranthus tricolor, Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus gangeticus. Plants are resistant to the higher salinity and have increased ability to draw nutrients from the soil. The plants are able to manage with the supply of soil moisture; therefore it fits also in drier areas. During the vegetation it is necessary to get rid of weeds, especially removing related wild plants whose seeds cannot be separated from cultural forms. Amaranth seeds ripen unevenly. The date of the harvest is selected depending on the variety, sowing date and weather conditions. Suitable storage humidity is 12%. Yield in our conditions varies between 600 and 2400 kg / ha. The estimated yield per hectare varies between 4 and 14 tons of fresh leaves. The use of amaranth in food industry has a wide range such as bakery, meat industry, children's nutrition, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry and energy industry. Amaranth is from the nutritional standpoint, highly prized plant. The content of proteins is about 18%. Amaranth protein is important in terms of higher lysine content, therefore if it is appropriately used in someone´s diet, it can replace animal protein. Carbohydrates of amaranth are listed in quantities of over 60 %, the most important carbohydrate of amaranth is starch, which has an extremely small grain (1 2 ?m) and it is useful for nutrition, where it can be part of easily digestible nutritional beverages and products. Fats of amaranth are in the range of 6 - 8 %. From the dietary point of view, it is important to sustain high content of unsaturated fatty acids and squalene, which is known for its antioxidant and chemoprotective effect. Another components of amaranth oil are phytosterols, which have a preventive effect against atherosclerosis. Other important ingredients of amaranth are substances such as phenolic flavonoid rutin, which increases the resistance of capillary walls and improves the absorption of vitamin C in the intestines. Amaranth is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. However, Amaranth grain and leaves also contain anti-nutritional and toxic substances. By the influence of the selective breeding, way of storage and processing such substances in the plant gradually decreased. Researches have shown that amaranth has wide preventive effect. It does not cause any allergic reactions and does not contain gluten. For that reason it is suitable for inclusion in the diet of coeliacs. Amaranth contains antihypertensive peptide and in diabetics it reduces the risk of a lack of insulin in the blood and it has been shown and anticancer effect. Eating amaranth has a positive effect on the immune system and body supply of iron. Amaranth is also a good ingredient in nutritional drinks and enteral nutrition. The suitability of this crop in the diet of all age groups is indisputable. In seniors it affects cell regeneration and metabolism, and in children the importance of lysine, which promotes the formation of new brain cells. Amaranth is for its toughness and content of many nutrients, minerals and vitamins referred to as the third crop Millennium, which may be one of the solutions to food shortages in developing countries.
|
|
Factors influencing somatic cell count in the milk of selected dairy cow breeds
VÍTOVÁ, Dagmar
The objective of my study was to analyse the influence of selected factors in relation to somatic cell counts (SCC) in bulk milk samples of raw cow´s milk. Milk samples were tested in eight cowsheds with different technology of breeding and milking for a period of three years. The SCC values were determined by the Fluoro-opto-electronic method using the apparatus Fossomatic. A significant factor influencing the SCC was the season. The highest average values of the SCC were found in the summer months. The lowest average values of the SCC were determined in the loose bedded cubicle housing (250.103.ml-1), while the difference in the SCC compared to the loose bedding-free slatted floor housing (SCC average 317.103.ml-1) was highly statistically significant (p < 0,001). In the tie stall with bedding was the SCC average 292.103.ml-1. A highly statistically significant difference in the SCC (p < 0,001) was also demonstrated between breeds in the milking parlour (SCC average 265.103.ml-1) and breeds in the milking stall in the pipeline systems (SCC average 292.103.ml-1). It also showed a statistically highly significant difference in the SCC (p < 0,001) between breeds dominated by the Holstein breed cows (SCC average 285.103.ml-1) and breeds with breed prevalence of the Czech Fleckvieh cows (SCC average 265.103.ml-1). The level of yield was also affected by the SCC. There was no statistically significant difference among the farms using grazing and breeding without any possibility of keeping cows on pasture.
|
|
Estimation of exposure index for surface ozone AOT40 from diffusive sampler measurements
Pavlíková, Monika ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
The study summerizes methods of ozone AOT40 index estimation from time intergarated passive sampler measurements in forests. Ground-level ozone is a highly phytotoxic atmospheric pollutant. In recent years negative impacts of elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone on vegetation and ecosystems have been studied and atmospheric levels of ozone have been measured. There is a noticeable negative impact of elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone on forests in the Czech Republic, mainly in rural areas that are far away from the emission sources. The AOT40F exposure index is a tool to assess the geographical areas with vegetation potentially at risk due to elevated ground-level ozone concentrations. The AOT40 index is the accumulated hourly exposure during daytime hours above cut-off concentration of 40 ppb, during the growing season. Passive samplers are used for measuring ground-level ozone in high spatial resolution. Passive samplers are easy to use. However this metod provides time intergrated values of pollutant concentrations (1-2 weeks). It is not possible to estimate AOT40 index by using just data of mean ozone concentrations over the sampling period. Three methods were used to estimate the exposure index AOT40F for forests by mean ozone concentrations measured in the Jizerské Hory...
|
|
The application of magnetic nano- and microparticles for the isolation of DNA from selected foods
Ráčková, Lucie ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Kovařík, Aleš (advisor)
In thesis was verified micromethod for isolation of plant DNA from different vegetable (onion and broccoli) and plant food products in quality for application in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The micromethod allows isolation DNA using magnetic particles from crude lysates of cells obtained by direct homogenization of plant tissues. Various methods of processing homogenates were compared. Homogenization was performed by lysis buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of the organic extraction agents was tested (chloroform-octanol and isopropanol). DNA was purified from homogenates by reversible adsorption on magnetic particles (four different types of magnetic particles were tested). The quality of isolated DNA was verified by UV spectrophotometry. The amplificabilty of DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used. PCR products of lenght 700 and 220 bp were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Differences in yield and quality of DNA were depended on the homogenate processing and magnetic particles used. The proposed procedure with two magnetic particles was tested for the isolation DNA from plan food products (spreads). DNA was amplified in PCR. Micromethod is suitable for DNA analysis of foods.
|
|
Primary and secondary plant succession in brown coal region of Most
Jarkovská, Zlata ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
By extraction of mineral resources there are created new spaces, concretely spoil heaps, which are ideal for settlement by new organisms. Based on chosen study areas trajectories of primary and secondary succession have been compared on model group of plants and additionally on aculeata hymenoptera. Research of model groups in primary succession has been conducted on spoil heaps made of substrate from lignite overburden and study of secondary succession has been conducted in foreland and around mines on spontaneously overgrown areas. Difference in number of plant species on individual sampling plots of primary and secondary succession was not significant. Each area in primary succession was not statistically significantlly different in coverage of vegetation from those areas developing under the secondary succestion. Areas of primary and secondary succesion were different in coverage of bare substrate, which more plant species were bound on. Other factors had not statistically significant effect on plant communities and aculeata hymenoptera as well.
|
|
Decomposition rate of plants matter in the soils of glacial lakes in Sumava
VANĚK, Daniel
Natural processes that cause differences in rates of decomposition and mineralisation of organic plants matter in soils of Sumava mountains' glacial lakes were studied using plant litter dominant in understorey of spruce forest in watershed of two lakes, Plesne and Certovo. The aim of this study is to determine the effect plant liter chemistry on decomposition and mineralisation rate. We hypothetize that chemistry of liter of understorey vegetation significantly affect N mineralisation / immobilisation in siols. During four month laboratory experiment were studied the effect of litter quality characteristics on C mineralization rates and N release. Spruce needles (Picea abies) and leaves of four dominant species (Avenella flexuosa, Calamagrostis villosa, Vaccinium myrthillus and Athyrium alpestre) of understorey vegetation were collected in autumn 2006. Litter was incubated at 0 and 10 °C. CO2 release was regularly measured each 14 days. Amounts of phenolics, available phosphorus, total and extractable C and N, release of NH4+ and NO3- were measured at the beginning, after one and four months of incubation.
|
|
Health economics: What heals us and what kills us
Janovský, Stanislav ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Misic, Viktorija (referee)
This study deals with the health production function. It analyzes the impact of health care, socioeconomic, lifestyle and environmental factors on the mortality and life expectancy of the population of the Czech Republic. The analysis is made by linear regressions with time series data for the period from 1993 to 2011. Health care is measured by health care expenditures or by non-monetary indicators, the number of doctors and the consumption of pharmaceuticals. The results show that higher health care expenditures increase the mortality and reduce life expectancy. On the other hand higher number of doctors and higher consumption of pharmaceuticals improve the health status of the population. It may indicate inefficiency and corruption in health sector. Important factors that positively influence health are wealth, education and fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking affects health negatively. The results suggest that health care policy should focus not only on effective allocation of health care expenditures but also on lifestyle and socioeconomic status of the population. The limits of this work are short time series which don't allow the use of the lagged explanatory variables.
|
guest ::
