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Immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with dendritic cells
Partlová, Simona ; Rožková, Daniela (advisor) ; Froňková, Eva (referee)
V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with dendritic cells Anticancer immunotherapy is a therapeutical strategy aimed at elicitation and maintenance of immune responses against cancer cells. In this study we have focused on immunotherapy of ovarian cancer, because it is one of the most common gynaecological tumors with poor prognosis and high mortality. Our immunotherapy protocol involves preparing dendritic cells (DC) from monocytes isolated from patient's peripheral blood, which are subsequently pulsed with irradiated cells of established ovarian cancer cell line. These immature pulsed DC are maturated and subsequently co-cultivated with autologous T lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, that DC are able to elicit specific immune response after addition of suitable mature agens in combination with apoptotic ovarian tumor cells. Our observations indicate that 24 hours are sufficient for induction of tumor cells apoptosis. Additionally, we have shown that DC successfully ingested most of the apoptotic tumor cells after 4 hours of co-incubation. Furthermore, we have found out that ingestion of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells, which are stimulated with polyI:C, inhibits maturation of DC and consequently also production of cytokines IL-12p70, IL-6 and TNF-α. Whereas...
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The influence od educational to maintenance of secondary prevention rules of myocardial infarction
ŠÍMOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the effects of educational plans on the compliance with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. The theoretical background covers atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and the educational process in nursing. Prior to elaborating the practical part of the thesis we had established two objectives. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. A qualitative form of research had been chosen for this thesis, semi-standardized interview in particular. The analysis of the data gained was subsequently carried out. Two objectives had been established in the thesis. Objective 1: To find out whether the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Through the analysis of the obtained data we found out that the patients educated without an educational plan are as knowledgeable as the patients educated through an educational plan. Objective 2: To compare whether the patients educated without an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in the same way as the patients with an educational plan. Having compared the results we found out that the patients with an educational plan comply with the principles of the secondary prevention more consistently than the patients educated without an educational plan. The objectives of the thesis were met.
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Regulation of Cathepsin D Activity and Activation
Máša, Martin ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Holada, Karel (referee)
PhD Thesis ABSTRACT REGULATION OF CATHEPSIN D ACTIVITY AND ACTIVATION Martin Máša supervisor: Michael Mareš Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic PRAGUE 2009 Introduction Cathepsin D (CD) is an aspartic peptidase located in the lysosomes of all mammalian cells, its main role is catabolic degradation of proteins. More over CD is known to participate in a range of physiological processes such as apoptosis and tissue homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of angiogenesis and the production of peptidic antigens. The role of CD in pathophysiology is associated with several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is generally considered to be the most common form of dementia. Progression of this disease is accompanied with the deposition of amyloid plaques (AP) in the brain, which leads to neurodegeneration. The AP is a fragment released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved by secretases1 . High levels of CD were found in cerebrospinal fluid of the Alzheimer's patients2 . It was demonstrated that CD is able to cleave APP and produce the pathogenic AP. A genetic polymorphism in the CD gene was reported, which changes...
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Molecular- genetic analysis of the Thyroid carcinomas
Sýkorová, Vlasta ; Bendlová, Běla (advisor) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thyroid cancer represents more than 90% of endocrine tumors and its incidence, predominantly of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is still increasing in the Czech Republic. Several genetic changes are known, but thein impact to phenotype is still controversial. Aims: To study of the genetic causes (RET/PTC, BRAF and RAS alterations) and the role of RET polymorphisms in thyroid cancer (predominantly PTC), and to correlate genotype with phenotype. Subjects and Methods: Overall 234 PTC tissues, 8 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 anaplastic carcinomas, 23 medullary carcinomas, 6 follicular carcinomas and one follicular adenoma were analyzed. Samples of fresh frozen thyroid tissues, fine-needle aspiration biopsies and paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue sections of patients with thyroid cancer and blood samples of healthy controls were used for analysis. The expression of RET/PTC rearrangements was detected on agarose gel. Five RET polymorphisms were analyzed using specific TaqMan probes. Detection of mutations in the BRAF gene and three RAS genes was performed by direct sequencing. Presence of alteration was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: We found out that some RET polymophisms are associated with development of RET/PTC rearrangements in PTC and proved,...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Housa, Daniel ; Vernerová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Dostálová, Ivana (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee)
Adipocytokines are a group of adipose tissue-derived cytokines that have been discovered since early nineties. The role of selected adipocytokines in the prostate carcinoma and in selected joint diseases was evaluated. In the first part of this work the role of adiponectin and resistin in the prostate cancer development and progression was examined. Immunohistochemical expression and serum levels of these adipocytokines were evaluated in both groups of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pathological grade pT2 and pT3, respectively. Moreover, selected metabolic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were included into this study. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer generally, but they were significantly higher in pT3 in comparison to pT2 group. In agreement with the results of serum levels, tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining intensity of adiponectin in neoplastic glands and to a lesser degree in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia while within benign prostate hyperplasia the immunohistochemical staining was generally low. None relation of adiponectin expression to disease grade or stage was observed. In resistin no difference between benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer in respect to serum levels...
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Effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program of children with asthma bronchiale
Vránová, Eva ; Hošková, Blanka (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Title: Effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program of children with asthma bronchiale Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to show the usefulness and necessity of physical therapy in children with bronchial asthma and how does it affect them. Another objective was to summarize the possible available methods with demonstrations of examples of individual exercises that can be used for this disease. The aim was also monitoring and evaluation of the patient's subjective feelings. Methods: In the thesis we carried out a single arm experiment, where we used comprehensive kinesiology analysis of individual subjects and the methods of lung function tests. From the lung function test, we chose the spirometry test by method of curve flow / capacity and also we used the peak expiratory flow monitoring using peak-flow-meter. We compared the subjective feelings of clients at the beginning and the end of the treatment program. In the period we watched the changes of value in individual measuring techniques. Results: We found that a comprehensive treatment of children asthma has a significant impact on their posture and also on the respiratory functions and subjective perception of individual symptoms investigated clients. All clients received the same treatment and each of them occurred in...
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Nutritional support for cancer patients
Petrovová, Hana ; Těšínský, Pavel (advisor)
According to the report of the Institute of Health Information and Statistics , published in 2007 which processes the results of 2005 , the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the long term increasing incidence . The most common Malignant tumors are basal cell carcinoma , although mostly for its specificity from other classifications set aside . Of the more serious diagnoses are among the most frequent malignancy colorectal neoplasm , trachea and lung cancer in women and in men the prostate. In 2005 in the Czech Republic reported over seventy thousand malignant neoplasms and neoplasms in situ (1) . Weight loss may be as the first sign of malignant disease and may occur later in the course . frequency weighting loss and malnutrition occurs in 31-78 % of oncology patients Depending on the location, type and stage of the disease . The most commonly occurs in gastrointestinal cancer and lung cancer ( 2 ) . For some patients as a result cancer develops cachexia. Causes of weight loss in cancer patients are numerous and Currently , it is clear that far yet know all . Generally causes divided into three major groups : physiological disorders caused by abnormalities interactions tumor - host ( changes in metabolism , anorexia) and finally consequences anticancer treatments ( both chemo - Radio...
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Renal Biopsy in Diabetes, Comparison of Morphology and Clinical Symptoms
Kruntorád, Vít ; Rychlík, Ivan (advisor)
Diploma student work can bring many beneficial skills and useful knowledge. It mainly on him, how much is ready to put time, energy and creative potential. I managed to find the unique theme of work, I have also become a big challenge. The main motivation was Considering that the work has clear clinical meaning and perhaps even impact. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease significantly changing the current life of the patient. Good control and treatment disease requires patient discipline in lifestyle and respect of medical schemes. However, even with goodcompensation diabetes may progress and reduce the quality of life affected. This is mainly on chronic complications specific for this disease - that is affected eye, kidney and polyneuropatické. The theme of this work is just one the most serious chronic komlikací diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. We tried to map the situation of kidney damage in diabetics, its dependence on selected clinical parameters and some prognostic parameters. The information that we have collected will be further used in the project of the Czech Society of Nephrology (CNS) within the Czech registry of renal biopsy (CRRB) - Renal biopsy in diabetic patients, survey results in 1999-2003, which isfinancially fully backed by the CNS. Is the exclusive property of CRRB CNS, the...
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Evaluation of REE at patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma.
Kurucová, Kristina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Hrnčiarik, Michal (referee)
10 Abstract For patients with lung cancer are characterized phenomena such as cancer cachexia and increased resting energy expenditure. This increased resting energy expenditure leads to weight loss. This study was focused on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (stage III and IV) undergoing chemotherapy. Resting energy expenditure was measured at three intervals by using indirect calorimetry in 10 patients (7 men, 3 women) with NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy (mean age 64,3 years ± 7,79 years) at a Department of Centre for Research and Development. Resting energy expenditure was measured before chemotherapy, during and after chemotherapy. We observed increased resting energy expenditure in these patients both before chemotherapy alone, as well as throughout chemotherapy. During chemotherapy there was decrease in REE. The average value of REE in the first test (% of predicted of HB) was 116,6 % ± 15,95 %, in the second measurement was mean value 113,9 % ± 14,73 % and for the third examination we noticed that the average value 106,5 % ± 12,66 %. We can confirm that resting energy expenditure in patients with NSCLC is increased during chemotherapy slowly decreased. Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, resting energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry, Harris-Benedict equation
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