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Decision of a Steel Company Trading with Emissions
Zapletal, F. ; Šmíd, Martin
We formulate a Mean-CVaR decision problem of a production company obliged to cover its CO2 emissions by allowances. Certain amount of the allowances is given to the company for free, the missing/redundant ones have to be bought/sold on a market. To manage their risk, the company can use derivatives on emissions allowances (in particular futures and options), in addition to spot values of allowances. We solve the decision problem for the case of an real-life Czech steel company for different levels of risk aversion and different scenarios of the demand. We show that the necessity of emissions trading generally, and the risk caused by the trading in particular, can influence the production significantly even when the risk is decreased by means of derivatives. The results of the study show that even for low levels of the risk aversion, futures on allowances are optimal to use in order to reduce the risk caused by the emissions trading.
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Post-project analysis of the Vamberk motorway bypass
Muchová, Kamila ; Martiš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Transportation is a sector that is currently experiencing a great deal of development. Project realization and subsequent operations on a newly built structures may impact various parts of environment.
This thesis is inspecting the post-project analysis of the Vamberk motorway bypass. It is focused mainly on the comparison of the EIA pre-project impact predictions and the actual post-project aftermaths.
The objective is to examine the EIA process and the assessment of the EIA documentation. Furthermore, the road situation of the Vamberk is evaluated based on the traffic intensity data.
The first part of this thesis explains the general concepts associated with the aforementioned issue. The second part describes the characteristics of the examided area - Vamberk and sorroundings. Finally, the process of post-project analysis is described in the methodical section. This section describes the process used in EIA documentation assessment, means by which EIA-based condition performance is evaluated and lastly it presents the statements of subjects involved.
Gathered data were compiled into a generalized methodical recommendations for use in further post-project analyses, as no uniform framework for this purpose exists
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Estimation of Genetic Parametrs in Selected Reproduction Traits of Sheep and Revision of Existing Evaluation of Animals
Schmidová, Jitka ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The objective of this investigation was to select the proper model for genetic parameter estimation, to estimate genetic parameters, and to predict breeding values for litter size in most common sheep breeds in Czech Republic. A total of 143 896 lambing records from 1990 to 2012 were analysed. Variance components and genetic parameters for litter size were estimated separately for each breed using the BLUP animal model with repeatability. The basic model equation contained ewe age as a fixed effect and random effects of contemporary group, permanent environment and direct additive genetic effect of the animal. Modifications of the basic model were examined when various combinations of mating effects were included (contemporary group of ewes during mating (harem), additive genetic and permanent environmental effect of service ram).
Estimates of phenotype variance increased across breeds (0.236 for Šumava to 0.779 for Romanov) with increasing breed average for number of lambs per litter. Variance component estimates for permanent environmental effect of the ewe were low (0.0001 to 0.0262). The variance of common environment of contemporary group (from 0.0223 to 0.1309) had bigger influence on the total variability of litter size in almost all studied breeds then additive genetic variance (from 0.0146 to 0.0587). The lowest heritability and repeatability estimates were for the Šumava (h2=0.0619; w2=0.0823) and Romney breeds (h2=0.0626; w2=0.0811); while the highest were for Merinolandschaf (h2=0.1091; w2 = 0.1129).
The effect of service ram ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 of phenotypic variance in Šumava sheep, in Romanov sheep it was from 0.05 to 0.10, and in Suffolk sheep it was from 0.04 to 0.05. Including effects of mating (service sire, harem, and/or ram´s permanent environmental effect) in the model decreased deviance information criterion, what means that these models are more proper than the basic one.
Results from present study demonstrate that genetic parameters did differ among the investigated breeds, which should be taken into account in breeding value estimation. The service rams have low but a clearly detectable influence on litter size of their mates. Genetic parameter estimates indicate that direct selection on the service ram effect could increase litter size and achieve genetic gain through ram selection.
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AC/DC adjustable power converter 5 - 30 V / 30 A
Matýsek, Michal ; Brančík, Lubomír (referee) ; Petržela, Jiří (advisor)
This work deals with the switched mode power supplies, their possible solutions and consequently with design of a power source with given parameters. The theoretical part analyses behaviour of the switched mode power supplies. Further it contains a survey of wiring of AC/DC converters and their properties. In the framework of the practical part was developer the power AC/DC switching power supply with adjustable output voltage from 5 to 30 V and 30 A current. The source was designed as a half-bridge decreasing converter with a transformer.
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Tax Incomes of the Municipality Budget and Possibilities of Influencing their Amount
Kolihová, Radka ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor)
The objective of bachelor thesis "Tax Incomes of the Municipality Budget and Possibilities of Influencing their Amount" is to describe an influence of municipality on amount of tax incomes within its budget. The first part deals with the legal regulations of municipality budgets in the framework of Czech law and international agreements. The second part defines basic characteristics of average/model Czech municipality and defines, to what amount this municipality is able to increase or decrease the tax incomes and what impacts it will have on the representatives of the municipality and its inhabitants.
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To issue of tooth backlash in dynamics of aeronautical and mobil gear systems with split power flow
Hortel, Milan ; Škuderová, Alena
In framework of internal dynamics of highparametric gear systems with split power flow the impact effects caused by greater dynamic than static-elastic deformations in the gear mesh have important role. They cause not only the additional dynamic load of gear pairs, but also violation of existence conditions of continuous carrier layer of lubrication. This make possible creation of dry friction in gear mesh with eventuality of self-excited vibrations rise and consequently decrease of gearing service life.
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Combinatorial algorithms for online problems: Semi-online scheduling on related machines
Ebenlendr, Tomáš ; Sgall, Jiří (advisor) ; Barták, Roman (referee) ; Epstein, Leah (referee) ; Woeginger, Gerhard (referee)
Mgr. Tomáš Ebenlendr Combinatorial algorithms for online problems: Semi-online scheduling on related machines Abstract of doctoral thesis We construct a framework that gives optimal algorithms for a whole class of scheduling problems. This class covers the most studied semi-online variants of preemptive online scheduling on uniformly related machines with the objective to minimize makespan. The algorithms from our framework are deterministic, yet they are optimal even among all randomized algorithms. In addition, they are optimal for any fixed combination of speeds of the machines, and thus our results subsume all the previous work on various special cases. We provide new lower bound of 2.112 for the original online problem. The (deterministic) upper bound is e ≈ 2.718 as there was known e-competitive randomized algorithm before. Our framework applies to all semi-online variants which are based on some knowledge about the input sequence. I.e., they are restrictions of the set of valid inputs. We use our framework to study restrictions that were studied before, and we derive some new bounds. Namely we study known sum of processing times, known maximal processing time, sorted (decreasing) jobs, tightly grouped processing times, approximately known optimal makespan and few combinations. Based on the analysis...
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Level of detail AI for a simulation of a large artificial environment
Zíta, Petr ; Poch, Tomáš (referee) ; Brom, Cyril (advisor)
Level Of Detail techniques (shortly LOD) are well known in computer graphics, but they are applied also in complex simulations and virtual worlds (aka LOD AI ). On the same principle we can simplify the simulation of behavior in less important places for user and signi cantly decrease simulation complexity and system resources. In this thesis different ways of LOD AI techniques functioning in particular applications will be studied and then the formal de nitions of LOD AI techniques usage in simulations will be introduced. We will also outline common problems that LOD AI techniques implementations usually face and propose abstract algorithms for solution. We will also introduce additional LOD AI techniques of LOD in uences and LOD expirations with its concrete implementation in framework IVE and include appropriate observations of result quality.
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Contemporary Methods in Fractal Image Compression
Čunát, Vladimír ; Senft, Martin (referee) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor)
In the present work we study fractal image compression. We discuss basic techniques, published improvements, and a few proposed enhancements of the current methods including their implementation. A framework for fractal compression is introduced. It is designed in order to be able to replace individual parts of the encoding process by di erent algorithms, simplifying comparison of their combinations. Presented enhancements are evaluated on a set of testing images. With proposed penalisation method decompressed images reach higher qualities. The differential coding combined with reordering of range-blocks decreases the amount of needed space approximately by 5%. On the other hand the prediction implemented by KD-trees isn't as accurate in comparison to a paper using another data structure.
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Study of exotic hypernuclei
Posolda, Petr ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kvasil, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on the study of properties of exotic hypernuclei, particularly of beryllium, carbon, oxygen and neon isotopes with and hyperons. Calculations were performed in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory (RMF) where a (hyper)nucleus is treated as a system of Dirac spinors (nucleons, hyperons) interacting via (mean) meson fields. The exotic hypernuclei were considered as axial symmetric. Up to now, hypernuclear calculations have been performed under assumption of spherical symmetry. This work thus extends hypernuclear calculations to the region of exotic, generally deformed systems. For the above nuclei, the numerical calculations of the binding energies and root mean square radii were performed. Moreover, we studied influence of the tensor interaction between meson and hyperon on the spin-orbit splitting. The results confirmed that the presence of the hyperon increases values of the binding energy of a system and on the contrary, it decreases its root mean square radius. We studied the possibility of the existence of the hyperon bound states in a nucleus. For the above isotopes, no bound states were found for the + hyperons. On the other hand, weekly bound states of the - hyperon are predicted for several isotopes.
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