|
Gemcitabine in anti-rejection treatment in experimental liver transplantation
Mergental, Hynek ; Ryska, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bělina, František (referee) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee)
The first part of thesis is focused on the technical aspects of experimental model of liver transplantation on rats. The second part describes the research project that tested a novel immunosuppressive drug gemcitabine compared to low dose of cyclosporine A on the acute liver rejection model. To use a cytostatic drug in a low dose with a minimal toxicity as an immunosuppressant would be attractive for clinical use. Particularly because liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma represent a frequent indication nowadays and also due to risk of development of a new post transplant malignancies as an side effect of standard immunosuppressant. Our results showed lower nephrotoxicity compared to cyclosporine, however, did not confirm the previous optimistic reports in terms of rejection treatment as it only mildly decreased the rejection severity. Our data suggests that gemcitabine cannot be used as a main immunosuppressant alone.
|
|
Problematika otrav volně žijících ptáků karbofuranem
Veterinární a farmaceutická univerzita, Fakulta veterinární hygieny a ekologie, Ústav biologie a chorob volně žijících zvířat, Brno ; Mrlík, Vojtěch
Karbofuran: složení, použití, přípravky používané v České republice a způsoby aplikace. Toxicita: účinky, důsledky, hodnoty toxicity, ovlivnění toxického účinku látky, toxicita u savců, u ptáků, ovlivnění toxického účinku látky, metabolismus - odbourání, klinické příznaky otravy. Výsledky rozborů: Materiál a metodika, ohledání mrtvých těl, rentgenologické vyšetření, pitevní vyšetření, chemické vyšetření. Zhodnocení výsledků vlastních analýz: objektivní stanovisko, účinek mírné dávky karbofuranu, letální následky po pozření intoxikované návnady, indicie svědčící pro otravu karbofuranem. Závažnost karbofuranu jako prostředku používaného k trávení volně žijících živočichů: kvantitativní a kvalitativní charakteristika otrav, záměrné trávení volně žijících zvířat, spektrum trávených živočichů, otrava vzácných a ohrožených druhů zvířat.
|
|
Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus
Novosadová, Zuzana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
First part of our work aimed to isolate flavonoids from leaves of H. annuus. The leaves were macerated and the resulting water extract was further processed - shaking using dichloromethane, separation on silica gel, isolation of substances using preparative chromatography. We managed to obtain pure substance which was submitted for identification using NMR analysis. Obtained butanol fraction will be further processed. Second part of our work focused on the assessment of biological activity of extracts and fractions. Acute toxicity tests, antioxidant activity tests (DPPH test, FRAP method) and antimycotic activity test were carried out. The ethanol extract showed positive results in all applied tests and appears to be the most promising.
|
|
Cytotoxicita beauvericinu, citrininu, deoxynivalenolu a T-2 toxinu stanovena metodou in vitro v buňkách Vero
Macáková, Petra ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds. Contamination of food and feed by mycotoxins is a major problem for human and animal health. Ingestion of mycotoxins may cause a range of toxic responses, from acute toxicity to long term or chronic health disorders. Several mycotoxins, either from the same or from different fungal species, occur simultaneously in plant products. However, its implication for food safety assessment is generally not known, as there is relatively little information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for the toxicity. Mycotoxins with similar mode of action would be expected to have at least additive effects. Conversely, some interactions could have subtractive effects. An understanding mode of action in simple in vitro systems can provide a rational basses for predicting interactions between mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to obtain cytotoxicity data (EC50 values) of Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins, nominally BEA, CIT, DON and T-2 toxin. For this purpose, Vero cells viability was evaluated in the presence of these four mycotoxins using the NR assay. All mycotoxins tested diminished cell viability in a concentration and incubation time-dependent manner on Vero cells. Individual mycotoxins increase cytotoxicity as...
|
| |
|
Bioanalytical method development for the investigation of the role of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone in isonazid intoxication
Effmertová, Marcela ; Kovaříková, Petra (advisor) ; Sochor, Jaroslav (referee)
High-performance liquid chromatography is one of the most frequently used separation methods for an analysis of drugs in biological material. It is suitable both for quantitative and qualitative drug analysis. Isoniazid is used for the treatment and a prevention of tuberculosis. Acute isoniazid intoxication is manifested by tonic-clonic convulsions. Vitamine B6 (pyridoxine) is used in clinical practice as an antidotum. Although this type of toxicity is considered to be associated with the deficiency of vitamine B6 (or its active form, pyridoxal-5-phosphate - PLP), description of mechanisms and processes, which are responsible for this effect, is still missing. The aim of this study was to develop suitable chromatographic conditions for monitoring intoxication by isoniazid and detection of potential hydrazone metabolites. These conditions should allow a separation of seven analytes (isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, pyridoxal, pyridoxol, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and the o-108 - internal standard). Furthermore, the aim was to study possibilities of isolating all those substances from rabbit plasma. The best chromatographic separation was achieved using the HPLC column LiChroCART 250 × 4 nm I.D., packed with Lichrospher 100 RP-18 (5 µm). The mobile phase was composed of a buffer - component A (NaH2PO4 0.01 mol/l, with...
|
|
Soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from local heating
Šustáček, Jan ; Mikulová, Vlastimila (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the pollutants of the environment. These dangerous chemical compounds are produced by man and its activities. The source of these pollutants are mainly burning of fossil fuels and biomass, as well as transportation and industrial production. From the literature they were obtained evidence regarding PAHs, their properties and group trends. For the main PAHs was found their relative genetic toxicity and was described mechanism of their effect on DNA. Based on the literature was compiled ranking of fuels with respect to the production of PAHs.
The monitoring of untouched area by industry and transportation. The sampling was done in the surroundings Bušanovice village located in Prachatice district. The samples were taken from surface soil horizon. Samples were taken in 2015 to various remote locations from the center of the village. These samples were analyzed by HPLC technique.
It was found that the largest source of contamination are local furnaces burning solid fuels such as wood and coal. The concentrations of PAHs in the samples was in the range of 0.24 to 19.21 mg / kg dm. These values are considerably higher than was expected and in the European scale concentrations correspond to large cities with heavy traffic or industrial areas.
|
|
Effects of triazine based pesticides on fish
MALÝ, Vratislav
Influence of triazine based pesticide (Sencor 70 WG - active substance metribuzine) was assessed via biochemical and hematological blood profile determination of experimental fish. As experimental fish we used common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Before rating the Sencor 70 WG pesticide influence on biochemical and hematological blood profile we accomplished a preliminary test to determine a concentration range and after that a basic acute toxicity test to determine 96hLC50 value. Both fish samples fingerlings were used for performing the tests. After 96hLC50 determination two groups of experimental fish (aged 1-2 years) were under this concentration and one control group without the substance. The test was processed according to the OECD methodology No. 203. Fish dissection was performed after the test. The increased amount of phlegm of water consistency on the body surface was found out. The fish were of dark colour in contrast with the control group. The ventricle was larger and containing transudate. An outstanding vascular profusion of internal organs in the ventricle was found out. Biochemical profile of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) experimental group under 96 hour acute operation of pesticide Sencor 70 WG (89,3mg.kg-1) proved significant lowering (p<0,01) of total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TRIG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amonnia (NH3), alcaline phosphatase (ALP) and Ca2+ in the blood plasma in contrast with the control group. Hematological profile of the same group proved significant lowering (p<0,05) of the number of erythrocytes (Er), haematocrit (PCV), and significant increase (p<0,05) of erythrocyte haemoglobin (MCH) value in contrast with the control group. Biochemical profile of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) experimental group under 96 hour acute operation of pesticide Sencor 70 WG (250,2 mg.l-1) proved significant lowering (p<0,01) of total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TRIG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (PHOS) and significant increase (p<0,01) of glukose (GLU) and amonnia (NH3) concentration in the blood plasma in contrast with the control group. Hematological profile of the same group proved significant lowering (p<0,01) of the haematocrit (PCV), erytrocyte haemoglobin (MCH), mean erytrocyte volume (MCV) and number of leukocytes (Leuko) in contrast with the control group.
|
| |
|
Synthesis of quantum dots for in-vivo imaging
Ferdusová, Helena ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Pekárková, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this work was to synthesise water-soluble QDs using different precursors and stabilizers and to determine the toxicity of the synthesized QDs by in vivo imaging. Experiments were performed on water-soluble QDs (MPA-CdTe, MPA-CdTe/ZnS, MSA-CdTe, MSA-CdTe/ZnS, GSH-CdTe, GSH-CdTe/ZnS, TGA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe/ZnS, GSH-ZnSe and GSH-ZnSe/ZnS ) and toxicity was measured. Synthesized QDs were characterized by high intensity (fluorescence spectroscopy), FWHM and zeta potential (ZS Zetasizer) were selected due to their suitability for this task. The toxicity of QDs was determined by the MTT assay on the cell line HEK 293. The experiments show that a core/shell structure is less toxic than a core structure. The results indicate that the toxicity of our synthesized QDs is the lowest for MPA-CdTe (core structure) and MPA-CdTe/ZnS (core/shell structure).
|
guest ::
