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Vývoj metodiky identifikace a matematického modelování proudění a geochemické interakce v rozpukaném prostředí kompaktních hornin: Etapová zpráva Programu státní podpory výzkumu a vývoje MŽP za rok 2003
Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Drábek, M. ; Bláha, V. ; Breiter, K. ; Gabašová, A. ; Havíř, J. ; Kovář, L. ; Vohralík, M. ; Maryška, J. ; Severýn, O. ; Pačes, T. ; Rukavičková, L.
Cílem projektu je vývoj komplexní metodiky zjišťování a parametrického vyjádření proudění podzemní vody a geochemické interakce v puklinovém prostředí Českého masivu. Metodika zahrnuje metody terénního a laboratorního výzkumu a matematické modelování. Hlavní oblasti plánovaného výzkumu jsou 1. Terénní hydrodynamické a interferenční testy na výzkumných vrtech hlubokých cca 300 m. 2. Stanovení hydraulických, geologických a geochemických vlastností rozpukaných kompaktních hornin a podzemní vody na základě syntézy a analýzy výsledků terénních a laboratorních výzkumů. 3. Matematické modelování proudění a transportu v ucelené hydrogeologické struktuře puklinového prostředí granitového masivu s dvojí pórovitostí, s využitím výsledků terénního a laboratorního výzkumu.
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Reprodukce a intenzivní chov juvenilních ryb štiky obecné (Esox lucius L.)
BONDARENKO, Volodymyr
Fish hatcheries do not always provide optimal conditions for controlled reproduction and production of high-quality juvenile in northern pike. This study was undertaken to optimize reproduction and intensive juvenile culture of northern pike (Esox lucius L.) under controlled conditions. The efficacy of traditional treatments for induction and synchronization of ovulation in northern pike (carp pituitary or ambient outdoor conditions) was compared to that of sGnRH-a at 50 and 100 ?g kg-1 with or without Freund´s incomplete adjuvant and dopamine inhibitor (metoclopramide, 8 mg kg-1). Ovulation was observed in females treated with carp pituitary (3 mg kg-1) and in those held in ambient conditions. Sperm motility parameters were compared in northern pike and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Brandt). Analysis was accomplished via high speed video microscopy complemented with CASA analysis. This work described recently developed methods of recognizing and quantifying sperm quality. The data obtained will lead to more accurate modeling of flagellum behavior during the motility period and provide a deeper understanding of basis of spermatozoa motility. The effect of water temperature on duration of embryo ontogenesis and hatching period; fertilization and development to the gastrula stage; hatching rates; and quality of larvae including larval size, development, and resistance to osmotic stress under controlled conditions for northern pike were investigated. Results indicated that the optimal temperature range for northern pike embryo development under controlled conditions is 6-10oC. Northern pike embryonic development hypothetically ceases at approximately 3.3 °C. In the certified methodology the basic aspects of controlled reproduction of northern pike was described and explained, including optimization of broodstock management. An objective of the certified methodology was to describe methods for producing high quality juveniles.
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Numerical modeling in groundwater contamination problems
Havlíková, Barbora ; Datel, Josef (advisor) ; Mls, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with numerical modelling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part are briefly described and compared basic methods, which are used for solving problems of groundwater flow and substance transport. Further more are set up initial and boundary conditions, which are an essential part of the compilation model. The second part deals with models from location Bzenec, where was the leakage of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Models were created in purpose to describe the extent of contamination and spreading of contaminants and also to predict the further development of the pollution.
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Application of GIS in water management in Dobříšsko
Hladíková, Lenka ; Grill, Stanislav (referee) ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor)
Application of GIS in water management in Dobříšsko Abstract This thesis deals with the use of the geoinformation systems (GIS) in water management. The change of water resources (river network, water areas and wetlands) in Dobříšsko region over the last 150 years is analyzed here. This analysis was processed by using historical maps of the 2nd military mapping, 3rd military mapping, maps of the General Staff of the Czechoslovak army from the 1950s of the 20th century and the current database of hydrological and water management data called DIBAVOD. Then the issue of water accumulation in the region is solved by using hydrological tools provided by the software ArcGIS 9.3. All created data are stored in a geodatabase and they will serve for needs of a company Vodohospodářská společnost Dobříš. Keywords: GIS, water management, hydrologic modelling
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Modelling of land cover change in abandoned landscape using time series of aerial photography
Brůna, Josef ; Jačková, Kateřina (referee) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor)
Obsah 5 English abstract This thesis deals with modelling of land cover change in abandoned landscape. The study site is located in the military area Hradiště, around the former village Tocov, it is 2,5 km long and 2 km wide. Due to lack of historical vegetation data on landscape scale, historical aerial photographs were used as a primary source of data. They were orthorectified, mosaicked and automatically object oriented then classified in two categories woodland and grassland. Changes between two successive classified images were modelled with generalized linear models with mixed effects (lmer). Variables that were derived from digital elevation model, former land use and spatial variables computed with algorithms based on cellular automata were used. In order to verify the model predictions with the actual situation and for easier interpretation and visualization of results, a new application PEMZOK (Spatially explicit model of overgrowth of abandoned landscape) was developed and is one of the results of this work. Rapid rate of overgrowth of remaining grasslands was found. The largest observed effect on the spread of trees had the distance to the nearest tree or shrub and density of trees in the vicinity (15 m × 15 m) and the wider neighbourhood (105 m × 105 m). Models with these variables and land use...
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Comparement of results from infiltration tests
Blahut, Dominik ; Mazáč, Petr (referee) ; Duchan, David (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the results of water infiltration from field tests, from laboratories and from numerical modeling at two selected locations. The first objective is the search procedure and the description of both sites and its adjacent areas. Further work continues with infiltration field tests using ring infiltrometer, at first theoretically for each method, and then practically with own personal measurements in the field. Further from the collected soil samples the measurements are performed in the laboratory, first in the permeameter, and followed by the grain size distribution test, from which the hydraulic conductivity is derived by using empirical formulas. At last the numerical modeling is used and all the results are compared. In the final phase of thesis the recommendations are given for infiltration at various locations and comparsion of the infiltration methods.
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Modelling of ecosystem service change
Cudlín, Pavel ; Pechanec, V. ; Purkyt, Jan ; Jakubínský, Jiří ; Štěrbová, Lenka ; Cudlín, Ondřej ; Plch, Radek ; Seják, J. ; Včeláková, Renata ; Brom, J.
Submitted report introduced results obtained by researchers from the Institute of Global Change Research and the Department of Geoinformatics of University Palacký in Olomouc. From all activities the following activities are the most important: Habitat mapping of agricultural and non-agricultural plots in the Kopanický stream catchment according to Seják at al. (2003) a Seják at al. (2010); Computation of the indicators of landscape fragmentation and ecological stability for Kopanický stream catchment; Valuation of land use change from the point of view of the optimalization of the selected ecosystem functions performance and selected provisioning and regulating ecosystem service provision, including financial valuation; and Valuation of functional land use from point of views territorial planning of small villages and environmental demands to landscape.
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Influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity of contaminated fluvisol
Tomáš, Tomáš ; Jačka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlásek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of contaminated fluvisol. Values of Ks are key inputs for modeling of water flow in soils. Contaminated fluvisol and this soil enriched by 2 and also 5% of biochar were studied in this thesis. These differently treated soils ware gauged to find out differences in Ks and changes of Ks time. Biochar improves sorption capacity and other soil properties. The influence of biochar application on Ks it not fully revealed. We used biochar which was made by pyrolysis of stalks of grapevine.
Measurements were made in two series since October to December in 2015. For both series, 10 samples, (5 in reference and 5 enriched by biochar) were measured. A total of 20 samples were measured in each series. Every sample was measured for 14 days in 10 time steps (10 recurrent measurements). Physical properties (bulk density, porosity, saturated water content) and particle size analysis using hydrometer method were also measured. Homogeneous soil mixtures of the soils were packed in Kopeckého sampling rings (100 cm3). In first series, 5 reference samples and 5 samples with 2% content of biochar were compared. Saturation of the samples was made gradually and slowly and takes 1 week. Measurement was made by laboratory permeameter (hydraulic gradient about 0.5).
For reference samples of first series, mean Ks value was 4,818.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 5% biochar mean Ks value was 2,254.10-6 m.s-1. For reference of second series, mean Ks value was 6,435.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 2% biochar mean Ks value was 4,211.10-6 m.s-1.
Application of biochar on tested soil decrease Ks in comparison with reference soil. Decrease of Ks value was more distinct for soil enriched 5% of biochar than for soil enriched by 2% of biochar. Application of biochar also decrease coefficient of variation of measured Ks. in most of the time steps. Reference samples exhibited larger differences of Ks among time steps than biochar enriched soils.
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