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The International Criminal Court and its subject-matter jurisdiction with regard to the crime of aggression
Kolářová, Michaela ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 SUMMARY THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND ITS SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION WITH REGARD TO THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION The current course of events concerning the crime of aggression and the search for its definition has undergone a remarkable shift during these days. In the light of the Revision Conference in Kampala, Uganda, whose declared aim was to evaluate the role and the up- to-date operation of the International Criminal Court as well as to find the definition of the crime of aggression and to set up the conditions to exercise the jurisdiction concerning the crime of aggression, the worldwide understanding of the conception of the crime of aggression has been significantly changed . The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the problems regarding the crime of aggression, to describe the evolution of its conception in the field of international law within the last few decades and to provide the reader with a brief outline of some problematic questions which arose from the negotiations of the definition among the states. Further, the thesis attempts to depict the development of the negotiations themselves and to focus on the main disagreements, which the states had to face. The introductory chapter deals with some theoretical questions related to the international criminal justice. The...
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The treatment of newborn umbilical cord from birth to discharge into home care.
ŠNAJDROVÁ, Šárka
Recent state: The umbilical cord care is one of the basic operations which are made immediately after the childbirth and during the first weeks in the newborn?s life. It is an everyday routine of midwives, infant nurses and mothers. The umbilical cord care is very important as the cord stump can easily become a gateway for an infection and hereby endanger the newborn?s health and life. Many pages in various publications have been written about the way how to treat the umbilicus. The authors wrote mostly about their own experience and the possibilities which they had in their time. Considering that the procedure changed several times in the past years, there is no unity in the way how to proceed in unison and the newborn?s umbilical cord care is performed differently in diverse hospitals. Repeated education of mothers about correct umbilical cord care in hospital as well as at home is also necessary. World Health Organisation (WHO), The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and in the Czech Republic The Czech Neonatology Organisation (ČSNeoS) deal with the issue of the umbilical cord care. Subject: The aim of the work was to find out the way in which the umbilical cord care in newborns from birth to the discharge to home care is performed in chosen infant wards and the way the mothers are educated about the umbilical cord care in chosen infant wards. Methodology: The practical part of the work was compiled on the basis of qualitative survey with a small set of respondents. The qualitative survey was made in a form of questioning and the technique of depth interview was used for the data collecting. This method was chosen because it helps to keep the content aspect of the interview and at the same time it provides space to the respondents to express their own opinions, feelings and experience about the subject of the interview. It also enables to see how the respondents understand the particular problem. The subsequent coding, categorization and content analysis of interviews was made easier thanks to the uniform composition of questions. Research set: The research set was assembled from three infant nurses/midwives and three mothers in purposely chosen infant wards in Valašské Meziříčí, Benešov and České Budějovice. Three criteria were set for choosing of the infant nurses/midwives. The first criterion was work in an infant ward without technical supervision (valid registration of the nurse in NCONZO), the second one was employment for at least one year in an infant ward and the third one was a visible identification of person. Two criteria were set for choosing of the mothers. The first criterion was mother?s newborn care in the form of rooming-in for at least 48 hours and the second one was that the mother and the newborn will be discharged to home care on the day of interview. Results : From the result of the research it is clear that the way of the newborn umbilical cord care in chosen infant wards differs in the umbilical cord care after the birth as well as in the subsequent care provided in the rooming-in care. The standard of the umbilical cord care in infant wards are set by the consultant and the head doctor of the ward and basically do not change, only in České Budějovice there was one change last year, when they accepted the latest AWHONN recommendation from 2007 which says that the cord stump should be left to fall off spontaneously. It follows that the infant ward in České Budějovice matches the WHO, AWHONN and ČNeoS recommendation the most, the infant ward in Benešov slightly differs in the procedure and the infant ward in Valašské Meziříčí treats the umbilical cord according the old standard of ČNeoS. Conclusion: The output of the work is a standard of nursing care in the newborn umbilical cord care which could serve as a uniform procedure in chosen infant wards.
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Agreement on Performance of the Office
Kristian, Rudolf ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis endeavours to propose possible answers to certain questions concerning the agreement on performance of the office which are not unequivocally resolved in professional literature, and simultaneously to provide a comprehensive outline of the matter. Agreement on performance of the office is one of the most effective tools for agreement on mutual rights and obligations between a company and its functional bodies and their members. Its importance shall even increase after 1. 1. 2014 when the new Civil Code and Corporation Act becomes effective. Therefore, it is very desirable to resolve these questions. This thesis only focuses on agreements between limited liability companies or joint stock companies, and members of their statutory bodies. The thesis is composed of five parts, including an introduction and a conclusion. Parts Three and Four are subdivided into chapters and subchapters. Part Two outlines a basic legal framework for the relationship between the company and its statutory body which the agreement on performance of the office ought to follow. The third part deals with general aspects of the agreement on performance of the office, and it is subdivided into five chapters. Chapter Four, which focuses on the conditions of conclusion of the agreement on performance of the office, is...
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Position and function of general nurses at senior homes
HYNKOVÁ, Miroslava
Social residential facilities are obliged to provide their clients with nursing and rehabilitation care. They are however not obliged to provide the care through their own competent healthcare staff. This is why provision of nursing care to users of senior homes by general nurses is a frequently discussed topic, particularly because of nursing care funding. Founders of residential social services more and more often reduce the numbers of healthcare staff and substitute them with cheaper workforce, social service workers. However as Malíková (2011) says such a social service would not be complex and complete without quality nursing care. A general nurse in a senior home can only provide medical care to the extent specified by a physician, who duly and completely enters the required care into a special form. Only health problems may be the reason for indication of medical care. The present structure of users of numerous senior homes would definitely deserve the status of healthcare facility, as the health condition of seniors often corresponds to the long-term treatment hospital. The work of a nurse in such facilities is very responsible and demanding as a physician that might assess a change in health condition of a client and solve acute changes is not permanently present in a senior home. A nurse is usually the only healthcare staff member and at the highest position. However a nurse can only measure physiological functions and perform basic examination of a client within her competence without presence of a physician. She evaluates the situation upon this base and has to decide on further proceeding. She bears responsibility for her decisions. Recognition of symptoms and assessment of situation requires a lot of knowledge and experience. The goal of the thesis was to find how the position and function of a general nurse in a senior home is perceived by physicians, general nurses, seniors and the general public and whether a general nurse is irreplaceable in the care of seniors in residential social services. Four research questions were set for these goals. How does a physician perceive the role of general nurses in a senior home? How do general nurses perceive the role of general nurses in a senior home? How do representatives of the general public perceive the role of general nurses in a senior home? What is the importance of a general nurse for seniors in provision of medical care? Qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interview was chosen for data collection. Before each interview the respondents were assured that their anonymity would be preserved and that all the information obtained would only be used for the purposes of this bachelor thesis. The research was conducted in March ? April 2013. Physicians and nurses providing medical care to users of senior homes perceive the position of a nurse in the healthcare team as necessary and irreplaceable. For the general public the nursing and medical care in a senior house is a commonplace. There is still the model from the times when general nurses and attendants worked in senior homes in the awareness of the public. In fact they are not interested in who provides the care, but mainly how. Worsened health condition and subsequent worsened self sufficiency is the reason why seniors go to senior homes. They do not think about who will care about them in the senior home, but they expect that nurses and attendants. They trust the nurses that provide them with care and have the feeling of safety and security that in the case of sudden health condition change qualified medical care will be provided to them at their presence. The information obtained from this bachelor thesis might be useful for managements of social care providers and officers of health insurers in deciding whether healthcare staff is necessary in this sphere of social services or not.
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Domestic Violence Against Women and Men from the Perspective Undergraduate Students.
MORONGOVÁ, Tereza
Bachelor thesis Domestic violence against women and men from the perspective of undergraduate students is focused on the views and opinions of students of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice on domestic violence. In the theory there is made a comprehensive view of the problem of domestic violence. It describes the basic concepts that the problem of domestic violence is related to. This part is focused on different definitions of domestic violence, forms of behavior, the personality of offenders and on the victims of domestic violence. The conclusion includes the possibility of helping victims of domestic violence and a safety plan. Domestic violence is a problem that is currently receiving a lot of attention in the society. Some countries spend considerable resources on services for victims and on training for professionals who help the victims. Many nonprofit organizations also create advertising campaigns that affect not only the aggressors and victims, but also general public. Their aim is to make everyone aware that domestic violence is not acceptable and people should not be afraid of talking. It is certainly good that much attention is paid to domestic violence. The aim of the research was to map experiences, opinions and attitudes of undergraduate students to the issue of domestic violence. The research was also carried out in order to let the students think about this topic and get them to realize that it can happen to any of them. So it is important not to be afraid to speak openly about this topic. As already mentioned in the theoretical part, violence can really relate to everyone, from children to seniors. They do not have to be aggressors or victims of domestic violence directly. They can become witnesses or they can meet it in their future professions. A quantitative research strategy was used for the research. The data collection was conducted through a questionnaire survey. The research group was formed by students of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Respondents were selected by stratified random selection, where the stratification criterion for the selection was sex. Given the number of students of the University of South Bohemia is the sample size of 200. Answers to the questions were then processed into tables and graphs using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. To the answers of the questions related to the hypothesis different values were assigned. To compare the level of awareness were calculated two average values, one for male and the other for female students, from the previously assigned values. If the difference between the male and female students is statistically significant, was verified using an independent samples t-test. In the context of the work a hypothesis was formulated: Female students of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice are better informed than male students in the issue of domestic violence. Between the responses of students was statistically significant difference only for one question (question 14), for other questions the difference was not statistically significant. The hypothesis was therefore refuted. The results of research yielded interesting findings about the knowledge of students in the field of domestic violence. Remarkably, the male and female students are dealing with the knowledge of the problem almost the same. However, the results also revealed many wrong answers and uncertainties. We can say that male and female students have still significant gaps in many ways. Although, the research results provide an insight into the views of students and we can learn about their attitudes and experiences. The work can be used as a source of information for general public, as a base for preventive measures in specific areas, as a base for the study of a similar theme, or it could be also provided to an intervention center and used as an information material for the victims of domestic violence.
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The role of nurses in the care of chronic wounds by using alternative methods and materials of moist wound healing
SKŘÍŠOVSKÁ, Martina
This bachelor?s thesis deals with the actual classification of wounds and the issue of the chronic wound treatment. In the preface of the theoretical part of the thesis, the term wound is defined and the wounds are subcategorized in the terms of their pathological traumatological origin. In the next chapters, the process of the wound healing is analysed from molecular biological aspect, the terms acute and chronic wound are defined and newly introduces the term non-healing wound for the chronic wound. In the special part, the particular pathological-surgical types of chronic wounds are described from their molecular biological, surgical anatomical and therapeutic point of view. Next, the paper specifies risky factors influencing wound healing process aiming their therapeutic influenceability. These factors are further divided into the system ones and the local ones. The thesis continues with the analysis of the therapeutic and nursing possibilities in the chronic wound treatment describing traditional bandages including sterile pieces of gauze and disinfectant solutions for the materials of the moist wound healing. This is followed by the chapters discussing modern methods of the debridement of the chronic wound such as ultrasonic hydrotherapy, negative-pressure wound therapy or larval therapy. Each chapter describes both the indications and the contraindications for the use of these methods, their advantages and benefits for the patient, aiming the role of the nurse in the chronic wound healing process using these methods. The end of the theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the nutritional support and the systemic enzymotherapy, which ensures a sufficient energy intake to the organism and both all the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for building the body tissues. The empirical part of the thesis is in the form of a qualitative research focused on the documentation of the role of the nurse in the care of the patients with a single type of the chronic wound ? more precisely the patient after laparotomy with an extensive resection of the digestive system and a subsequent secondarily healed chronic wound. The method of using case studies was used to accomplish this goal. The record of the chosen group of the patients and the process of the systemic therapy with the support of the cardiovascular, ventilatory and nutritional functions regarding the surgical performance is acquisited and it is completed with the description of the local therapy of the chronic wound, with the description of the role of the nurse in the healing process and with the enclosed photo documentation. Casuistries describe the regression, the stagnation or the progress of the wound healing process; they map the role and the participation rate of the nurse in this process and the use of alternative equipment in this process and the art of improvisation. The summary of the results brings up the conclusion that the scientific and technological progress opens up new possibilities to the patient with the chronic wound and introduces modern technological procedures into the chronic wound therapy though there is a group of patients after laparotomy surgeries with the conducted extensive resection of the digestive system and with the subsequent anastomosis dehiscence, which is contraindicated for the use of these methods. These patients are left to depend on the holistically provided care of a multidisciplinary team with irreplaceable role of the nurse. Biopsychosocial needs of the patient puts great demands on the nurse regarding both the personal and the professional side. The reasoning at the end weighs up and suggests the possibilities of the participation of the nurse in the preoperative preparation of the patient for the planned resection of the digestive system mainly in the form of the education in the support of the nutritive functions and the systemic enzymotherapy.
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Rights of a child under the competence of bodies responsible for social and legal protection of children
Sabolová, Zuzana ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
70 Resumé In my thesis named " Rights of a child within the scope of the social-legal child protection authorities" I tried to focus on the activity of different entities relating to the social-legal protection of children. I have chosen this theme because I think this problem is very important and each advanced society should protect and take care of children as they can't take care of themselves. The thesis provides an initial introduction to the statutory regulations relating to the social-legal protection of children, which are primarily set out in Act No. 359/1999 Sb., on social-legal protection of children. In the present work I offer a brief overview of the most important child protection institutes, with focusing on the specific activity of the public authorities and the private entities operating in this area. My thesis is conceptually devided into seven, logically linked chapters in which I am trying to demonstrate the protection of children. In the first chapter there is a brief overview of the historical evolution of the social-legal protection of children, then, in the second chapter I am mentioning the most important law sources relating to the delineated issue. In the third chapter I tried to define the family as a basic social cell and its importance for children. The fourth and the fifth...
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Experiencing the reality of homelessness by clients of the St. Paul´s house in České Budějovice city charity
HORALOVÁ, Nela
Homelessness is a social phenomenon whose consequences affect an entire group of people and which is a part of life of the society. My thesis deals with the reality of homelessness experienced by clients the House of St. Paul in České Budějovice. The aim is to determine the causes of homelessness among clients of the House of St. Paul and learn how clients experience the reality of homelessness. In the theoretical part, I focus on specific problems associated with homelessness in the Czech Republic and services that are provided to the affected people. This is followed by a description of the structure and activities of a particular facility designated for homeless people, the House of St. Paul in České Budějovice. In the practical part I focus on finding the most common causes of this problem. The most common causes of homelessness among the surveyed clients were loss of a job or housing, alcohol and drug addiction, inability to successfully rejoin society after leaving a prison or a family breakdown. At the same time I also examine how these people experience their complicated situation. I have found out that none of the clients is satisfied with this situation, and that most of them are trying to change their life. They are looking for a job and a home, but the reintegration of these people back into normal life is very problematic. I work with qualitative research. Data for the research were gained directly from clients of the House of St. Paul through structured interviews. The interview consisting of nine questions was held with a total of ten clients. I think that this thesis could help reveal the causes of homelessness and how the people experience their difficult situation and how they try to fight it. And because the House of St. Paul is the only facility of this type in the region, this work could become a motivation for other cities to establish a similar facility.
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Management of Risk in an Intraoperative Care
KUDRLIČKOVÁ, Dagmar
Current Status: The management of risks is a strategy directed to the good reputation of the medical facilities, to protect assets, patiens and employees from any harm to health. Risk management consists of four interrelated phases: identification, assessment, mitigation and monitoring.Risk prevention and safety of patient and medical personnel requires the involvement of all members of the multidisciplinary team (Pokojová, 2011; Škrla and Škrlová, 2003).Subjekt: The main aim of the research was to identify the risks in the provision of nursing care during the intraoperative period and map installation of preventive mechanisms in the risk processes in providing nursing care during this period.Methods: The method of qualitative research was selected for survey research. Techniques of data collection was carried out using nonstandarized (depth) interview with the sisters (nurses). Participation in the interviews was voluntary and anymous. Interviews were recorded on the tape recorder and subsequently transcribed word for word. At the beginning of the talks were chased up objektive data on the age, length of experience in the health service and educational attainment of nurses. The first part of the discussion focused on issues related to risk identification of nursing care in the intraoperative period.Followed by a section with questions related to the mapping preventive mechanisms to risk processes in the intraoperative period.Participants: The research sample was studied with regard to the research problem. The group consisted of disters of Hospitál Písek, a.s. Six sisters were addressed. Three sisters worked as perioperative nurses and the other three as anesthetist nurses. Interviews and research questions were focused on the risk of nursing care in the intraoperative period from the perspektive of anesthesia and perioperative nurses. The venue of talks were sister facilities of central operating theaters. The selection criteria of sisters were: different period of practice, different education and different ages of sisters. All the sisters (nurses) met a criterion in providing nursing care in the intraoperative period.Results: Anesthetist and perioperative nurses providing nursing care in the intraoperative period are put at risks that are associated with their work in the operating theaters. These include physical occupational risks (ionizing radiation), chemical (risk of anesthetics inhalation), biological (risk of infection) and psychological stress factors. The Patient is in the intraoperative period is endargered by risks that are associated with the administration of anesthesia (difficult intubation), with surgery (risk of burns) and a total stay of patient in the operating theater (air-conditioned enviroment). As possible means of preventing and managing risks in the working environment of nurses can mention an adequate communication within a multidisciplinary team, the use of disposable protective equipment, ample off after intensive services and keeping on instructions, standards and relevant legislation. In the prevention of chosen risks that threaten the patient in the intraoperative period can recommended these possible eventualities of prevention: during administration of anesthesia(anesthesia techniques monitoring medications and device monitoring), during surgery (adherence to aseptic procedures) and during the whole stay of a patient in the operating room (theatre) we can recommend(regular audits of intraoperative care and medical records with keeping on instructions and standards of nursing care.Conclusions: Intraoperative nursing care is one of the most high-risk part of hospitalization in the medical facilities. During this period is very important a substantial monitoring and prevention of risks that threaten the patient immediately.
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The Specific of Nursing Care in Patient Undergoing the Examination of Bone Marrow
ČOUDKOVÁ, Marie
Haematology is a medical field. It is the study ofblood cells. It studies blood cells from the point of their morphology, quantity and function. The clinical haematology focuses on the irregularities in a patient´s blood and studies how the irregularitiesdiffer from the patient´s normal physiological condition. Due to this work haematology can help with diagnosis of other diseases. In haematology many investigative methods are used. One of them is aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow which is a hematopoietic tissue daily producing a large number of blood cells. Unless the formation of blood cells is sufficient enough, the disabled person may be at risk of their life. When the function of bone marrow is affected the patient may be impinged by serious infections, anemia risk or bleeding tendency. Bone marrow is examined for suspicion of haematological or oncology illnesses. Therefore, it has a very important rolein diagnosis of these. It is performed bya prolonged fever, mainly among the people who have a bad immune system. For blood collection are used investigative methodswhich consist ofaspiration and percutaneous bone marrow biopsy. These physical examinations provide some pieces of information about the condition and the ability of the blood cells´ production of bone marrow. Very important part of this physical examination is a specific nursing care. This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the specific nursing care of the patients who undergo the examinations of bone marrow. This thesis mainly includes the methods of bone marrow harvest, how the patients are informed about the examination of bone marrow,the patients´ nursing care after the operation and the role of a nurse at the haematological ward. The introduction of the theoretical part involves physiology of bone marrow and the study of haematology. The other parts discuss indication for bone marrow examination, haematological and oncological illnesses, bone marrow aspiration or percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow. The large part of the thesis deals with bone marrow aspiration, the process of the operation and the nursing care. It also focuses on percutaneous biopsy of marrow bone where the meaning of the examination and the process of bone marrow harvest operation are explained. At the end of the theoretical part a collection of hematopoietic stem cells from particular peripheral blood in mentioned. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out certain specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo the examination of bone marrow. The following research questions were selected: What are the specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo trepanobiopsy? What are the specifics of the patients who undergo aspiration (sternal puncture)? What are a preparation and assistance of a nurse during the examination of bone marrow? Which roles does the nurse have during the examination of bone marrow? How are the patients informed about the bone marrowexamination? The practical part includes results from a quantitative survey which was a semi-structured interview. The resulting interviews were written and then were processed by a certified coding technique. The research group comprised six nurses working in the haematological ward and six patients who have undergone the examination of bone marrow. Regarding the gathered results, an information brochure was put forward as a part of the thesis (see Annex number 5) and was oriented especially at patients undergoing the bone marrow examination. The brochure will be proposed for practical use at haematological wards.
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