|
Ilegální obchod s drogami v oblasti Zlatého trojúhelníka
Morávková, Stanislava
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of illegal drug trade in the countries of Golden Triangle and its antidrug policies with the emphasis on opium cultivation. The subject of this thesis is to identify impact of antidrug policies on the development of the illegal opium cultivation in the region. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the definition of organized crime and description of illegal drug trade. The following part describes implemented antidrug policies. The last part demonstrates impact of these policies on the opium cultivation, drug production, income, prices and drug addiction.
|
|
Investigation cholesterol in terrain, fall results on style of life examinate persons.
DVOŘÁK, Vít
The thesis is focused on the lifestyle of people with elevated cholesterol level. Fundamental terms, which are basic for the topic, are explained. The latest findings stated in professional literature on lifestyle, health, diseases, health promotion and health prevention are presented. The most recent statistical results are mentioned The first section of the thesis is focused on the issue in general, i.e. on lifestyle, the definition of health and its determinants, nutrition and stress. A large section is devoted to determinants of health that significantly affect human health. These are healthcare, genetics, environmental impacts. Therefore, the great importance of our lifestyle, which may be influenced by smoking, stress, physical activity, drug use, alcohol consumption and diet, is demonstrated. A large part of our activities can be positively influenced by ourselves. The determinants and their effects on human body are mentioned. The main focus is put on diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels, where cardiovascular disease stands first. Another aspect makes a positive side and this is healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle and practices how to positively influence our health are characterized. A specific decalogue, giving certain constrains, is outlined. And also the irreplaceable role of prevention and health promotion, which is one of activities of the public health protection authorities, is mentioned. The projects of the World Health Organization also contribute to the population health promotion. The project Health 21 is also mentioned in this thesis. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of cholesterol tests in the framework of a screening program in the South Bohemian Region carried out over the period of three years. A sub-objective was to determine the lifestyle changes in clients with the decrease in blood cholesterol levels. The main hypothesis is ? there is a rising trend in elevated cholesterol levels in the blood In the practical section the results obtained from the qualitative research focused on the lifestyle of people with elevated cholesterol levels are presented. The issues concerning their lifestyle such as physical activity, stress, smoking, dietary habits, fluid intake and sleep are investigated. The questionnaire survey and the subsequent analysis of the data obtained have shown that these persons have a more responsible approach to their lifestyle. They admit that the results of the tests focused on cholesterol levels positively affect their lifestyle. The majority of respondents positively affect their lifestyle according to theoretical recommendations. Comprehensive investigation has proved that the overall lifestyle is comparable to the general population.
|
| |
|
Smoking in EU Countries
TREFANCOVÁ, Petra
Many cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are linked to tobacco use. It is the largest avoidable health risk in Europe,causing more problems than alcohol, drugs, high blood pressure, excess weight or high cholesterol. Every year in the EU, as many as 650 000 Europeans die prematurely of tobacco-related causes. It is estimated that, in terms of negative economic impact, smoking costs the EU countries at least ?100 billion. The goal of the thesis is to monitor prevalence of smoking in EU countries. It also deals with efficiency measures for protection against tobacco. The thesis deals with the issue of smoking in historical terms. It also deals in terms of health risks and it describes the measure of EU countries in the fight against smoking. The main part of this thesis is a research, which includes a prevalance of smoking among adults and adolescents, the development of lung cancer mortality and cigarette consumption in each EU country.
|
|
Analysis of the problematics of coca cultivation in Bolivia and its impact on the relations with the US
Šlechtová, Markéta ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Melounová, Irena (referee)
Bachelor thesis, Analysis of the problematics of coca cultivation in Bolivia and its impact on the relations with the US, examines the historical development, traditional use and cultivation of coca. It also discusses the causes of the US hard-line stance against drugs and its efforts to completely eradicate coca in producing countries such as Bolivia. It captures not only the historical but also the economic context, and the strategies and laws used to enforce the coca eradication. It also identifies the major reasons why the chosen strategy does not produce the desired effects, and how the problematic situation of the production and smuggling of drugs should be dealt with according to the bolivian president Evo Morales and the US government. Firstly, the study examines the historical context and traditions of the cultivation and use of coca, followed by a description of the domestic situation, the relation between Bolivia and the US and the lobbying efforts in coca legalization made by president Morales. The second chapter describes the history of cocaine in the US, hard-line stance against drugs and the drug cooperation of the US and Bolivian governments. The study ends with the insight and views on the current situation from the position of the United States and countries neighboring Bolivia.
|
|
Effect of helminthosis on host's biotransformation enzymes
Bártíková, Hana ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Lamka, Jiří (referee)
(EN) Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Hana Bártíková Consultant: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title: The effect of parasitosis on the host's biotransformation enzymes Parasitic diseases cause significant economic losses in livestock, domestic and wild animals. World-wide spread species Haemonchus contortus parasiting in gastrointestinal tract of ruminants exhibits relatively high degree of pathogenity. To treat haemonchosis the benzimidazole anthelmintics are used. Altered activity of the enzymes participating in biotransformation of these drugs can affect the treatment. The induction of host's enzymes can contribute to the resistance of the worms to the available anthelmintics. This project studies influence of haemonchosis to the activity of sheep's biotransformation enzymes. Oxidative, conjugation and reductive enzymes have been studied both in healthy and sick sheep. Cytosolic and microsomal fractions of liver and small intestine have been used for determination of enzymatic activities. In the most of monitored oxidative enzymes the inhibition of activity has been observed. On the contrary, parasitosis has caused enzymatic induction of conjugation enzymes. The results in group of reductive enzymes don't offer...
|
|
Possibilities of using standard diagnostic methods on roadways of forest roads
Kubka, Petr ; Tománek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bystrický, Roman (referee)
Pavement management systems have a great impact on the life cycle of roads and on the costs associated with their maintenance and repairs. Timely and effective diagnostics of pavement condition and subsequent selection of optimal repair method and technology significantly extends pavement life and optimizes the use of funds spent on maintenance and repairs.
The thesis focuses on diagnostics as a set of activities and objective methods needed to assess the condition of pavement and to determine the causes of defects.
|
|
Alcohol consumption and prevention of dependence in CR and France
Jandová, Petra ; Křížová, Eva (advisor)
Despite its social tolerance alcohol remains the drug of all consequences of harmful drinking . In developed European countries is cause 8-10 % of disease and injury. It brings the costs associated with health care and health insurance. Harmful effects of alcohol tend to pronounced in disadvantaged social groups , and therefore contribute to inequalities in health. However, direct injury to constitute a share any negative consequences. Alcohol consumption has a negative impact on economic development and society as a whole. For these reasons, the fight against harmful and hazardous consumption as a priority in public health programs many Member States and the EU as a whole. Czech Republic and France represent two completely different sociocultural environment. Residents have different eating habits, different lifestyles and different degree of tolerance to consume alcoholic beverages. They differ in the extent of individual consequences of harmful use and, therefore, procedures and objectives alcohol policy. Based on the statistical data on consumption , consequences and prevention measures can assess the gravity of the situation in both countries and compare problems of excessive consumption of health and socio-economic viewpoint. In this thesis , I used the large Czech and world database especially...
|
|
Nursing care about a patient under the influence of alcohol
TOMAŠÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
Abstract- Nursing Care for a Patient under the Influence of Alcohol This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of nursing care for patients who are under the influence of alcohol. "Alcohol is the most spread and widely used psychoactive drug that is greatly accepted within our socio-cultural environment" (Fišer S., J. Škoda, 2009, p. 99). Today's hurried times influence greatly both the psychological and economic aspects of our lives. Therefore, there are many people who, when suffering from a stressful situation, decide to reach after alcohol as a crutch that should mitigate all negative impacts of today's times. But only a handful of them realize that alcohol does not solve any of these problems but rather worsens the situation, whether in the family or in the job. Alcohol causes serious health problems to manypeople and consequently they are forced to seek help in health-care facilities. In a worstcase scenario, it can happen that they end up on the streets and become homeless.Frequently, especially during winter, they have to be taken to a hospital. After the examination they are either hospitalized or, if not seriously injured, referred to a sobering-up centre. Of course, this situation also concerns other people who are under the influence of alcohol, not only the homeless. The nursing care of these patients has to face many problems, whether in terms of communication or aggressiveness. In the theoretical part of the thesis we discussed the terms alcohol, its history, its influence on our organism, the problematic of alcohol drinking among young people, blood and breath alcohol testing, origins and development of the alcohol addiction and its consequences. Moreover, we have examined the impact of alcohol on an individual's social environment, communication, aggression, the patient - nurse relationship, professional deformation and burn-out syndrome. Two objectives were created to comply with the plan. Objective No.1: To describe the approach of nurses to patients who are under the influence of alcohol. Objective No.2: To find out what issues have to face the nurses who take care of patients under the influence of alcohol. Consequently, two research questions were framed. Research question No.1: What are the specifics of the nursing care of a patient affected by alcohol. Research question No.2: What is the approach of nurses to patients who are under the influence of alcohol. The practical part of this thesis contains the results of a qualitative research that is based on an in-depth semi-structured interview conducted with nurses from the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. We have approached twelve nurses to take part in this research; the only condition was their work in a ward where they frequently meet with patients under the influence of alcohol. Therefore, we have cooperated with nurses working in emergency department, in intensive care unit and in internal intensive unit. Subsequently, based on the open coding method, every nurse was assigned with a number (from one to twelve). The lines in the thesis mentioning the nurses' answers were numbered in order to refer to them. Using the method of "paper and pencil" important information was highlighted in the text and subsequently, the "showdown" technique was used to divide the gained data into five categories that were then divided into subcategories. The research investigation has provided answers to both research questions. The interviewed nurses stated that the main problems concerning the work with patients under the influence of alcohol are communication, as they have to communicate with these patients very carefully, calmly, to inform them in most cases only about the most important steps, and aggression which is a very common consequence of drunkenness. The cooperation with the police also becomes an integral part of the nursing care of patients under the influence of alcohol, because the saf.
|
|
The demanding character of Nursing Care in specialized pulmonary sanaroria
KLEINOVÁ, Irena
Pulmonary sanatoriums are facilities where efficient and useful therapy for patients suffering from respiratory diseases is provided. They use treatments including the methods of climatotherapy, drinking cures or inhalation therapies. Diseases such as asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, various forms of pneumonia, lung cancer and also tuberculosis are cured here. Just the tuberculosis treatment regimen is so specific that the research part of this thesis is devoted mainly to this phenomenon. Currently, tuberculosis represents a large medical problem in our country. Although the number of cases in the last decade has decreased, today it remains a serious medical and social problem with a huge economic effect on the entire society. The epidemiological situation is deteriorating on the global scale. The main causes of this deterioration are AIDS, the influx of refugees and immigrants from various risky countries, an increase in adherence to drug abuse and failure to keep to treatment measures. According to the WHO, two billion people are infected with tuberculosis globally. The urgency of this topic is seen in the fact that despite all measures, over 3 million people die of this disease globally and 90% of this number die in developing countries. This thesis is focused on the importance of pulmonary sanatoriums and also on the mapping of intensity of nursing care in particular pulmonary sanatoriums. To a great extent, the thesis deals with the issue of the specific needs of patients and the method of providing nursing care. The thesis describes individual facilities in the Czech Republic and their importance. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for individual pulmonary diseases and goes into detail about provision of care at isolated units for patients with tuberculosis. It also deals with the holistic approach to the patient and multicultural nursing. A great part of the thesis is devoted to the needs of patients, and changes in their role in the sanatorium. The objective of this master´s thesis was to outline the difficulty of nursing care in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums and find the specific needs of patients in these facilities. Another objective was to discover the role of the nurse in provision of care and outline differences between individual facilities. All these objectives have been performed. Four research questions were set at the beginning of the research. The first research question dealt with how nursing care in pulmonary facilities is provided. The second research question was focused on finding the specific needs of patients in these facilities. The third research question dealt with the role of the nurse in providing care for patients in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums. And the last research question focused on differences between the individual sanatoriums. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research gathered on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Final interviews were recorded, transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research file consisted of 6 nurses working in pulmonary sanatoriums and 5 patients hospitalized with tuberculosis. Based on the information acquired, the patients perceive isolation units as a very simple and depressing place, where they miss contacts with their closest. The stay in the isolation unit is a shock for them. Foreigners complain of the language barrier. Nurses regard the nursing care as very demanding. They must care for patients with various diagnoses and provide multicultural care with respect to the national and cultural specifics of patients. Based on the results found, an information brochure was created, and this can help as a source of information for hospitalized patients in sanatoriums. Furthermore, the results of this thesis will be presented to individual sanatoriums for the purpose of making changes related to their equipment.
|
guest ::
