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Nursing care management of patients after intrapleural chemical pleurodesis
KIESEWETTEROVÁ, Renáta
The pleurodesis is a treatment method for patients suffered from the symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. The goal of the pleurodesis is to close a pleural area by connection of visceral and parietal pleura in order to reduce or terminate production of pleural effusion. The sterile talc powder is the world's most used agens within a practice. After a parental analgesic is the powder (as a sllury) either applicated into a pleural cavity through the chest drainage or surgically dispersed over the treated (via abrasion, decortication) pleural space during the thoracoscopy/thoracotomy. This diploma thesis focuses on the treatment technique of bedside talc-pleurodesis through the chest drainage. The nurse has an irreplaceable role in the whole process from a preparation of patient to assistance by intrapreural application, to care of patient after the operation or serves as a physical support during potential complications. The aim of the presented work is to detect priorities in nursing care and find out whether patients need increased care after intrapleural therapy. The qualitative research method was chosen for the analysis where semi-structural interview with open questions were used. We created case reports analysed with the adaptive model of Callista Roy as well. The research sample contained patients chosen with respect to specialization of researched problem. We set two basic focal stimuli according to the analysis of respondents´ reactions. These stimuli serve as a basis for determination of priority parts of the nursing care by patients after bedside pleurodesis. We defined the need to be without pain and the need to ensure safety and certainty as a central focus of the nursing care. Among secondary fields of nursing care were identified sleep disturbances and limited mobility, which leads to reduction of self-care in getting dress, hygiene as well as in defection and miction. We found out within the second goal identical intensity of the nursing care before and after bedside talc-pleurodesis. This statement is based on comparison of interventions before and after aplication analysed via adaptive model by Roy. Nevertheless, causes of interventions were modified to a certain extent. The main goal of diploma thesis was to map requirements for high-quality nursing care related to bedside talc-pleurodesis via chest drainage. The work should extend theoretical basis not only for nurses in clinical practice.
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Management styles and their relation to the satisfaction of employees
GRAMANOVÁ, Kamila
Abstract - Leader empowering behaviours and their relation with worker's satisfaction Current state: Nurse's work is physically and mentally demanding. Adequate knowledge and skills are also needed. Nurse managers whose leader empowering behaviours administer to good functioning of medical institutions have therefore a crucial role. In these days a monitoring of job satisfaction is an upcoming matter. According to that we can look for drawbacks and problems and take corrective actions. There is a 9th year of the nationwide research of safety and satisfaction of employees of Czech hospitals. Aim: The first aim of the research was to find out what leader empowering behaviours are used the most by nurse managers. The second aim was to find out how leader empowering behaviours influence satisfaction with work conditions of nurses. Two hypotheses were given. The first hypothesis postulated that nurse managers use democratic empowering behaviours the most. The second hypothesis postulated that satisfaction with work conditions of nurses is changeable, depending on leader empowering behaviours. Methodology: A quantitative method of data capture was chosen. Non-standardised questionaires with 30 closed questions were given out. There were four questions at the beginning to identify respondents. Other set of 15 questions was focused on recognition of leader empowering behaviours. Satisfaction with work conditions was monitored in the last set of questions. Results of the research were processed into graphs and tables. Research set: The research set included nurses working under nurse managers in inpatient wards in České Budějovice a.s. hospital. The questionaire was appropriately filled in by 112 nurses, corresponding 74,7% recoverability. This was used to complete the aim of this thesis. Results: Results of the thesis were divided into two sets. The first set of questions aimed on leader empowering behaviours of managers under whom the questioned nurses of particular departments work. Democratic empowering behaviours were evaluated the most used, according to the first hypothesis. The second set of questions aimed on satisfaction with work conditions. The highest job satisfaction was reached with democratic empowering behaviours. Autocratic, liberal and nonspecific empowering behaviours were used in minimal degree and nurses reported lower job satisfaction among these behaviours. Therefore the second hypothesis was also confirmed. Conclusion: The research pointed out that leader empowering behaviours are one of the factors that influence job satisfaction. It is positive thing that an interest and research in this area increased in the last decade. Periodic evaluation of job satisfaction enables monitoring the direction of its values. According to the survey, a newsletter with recommendations for nurse managers was formed. This newsletter pointed out pros and cons of leader empowering behaviours.
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Iniciace pohybu byčíku, signalizace a regulace pohyblivosti spermií ryb: fyzikální a biochemické řízení
PROKOPCHUK, Galina
The current study attempted to shed light on the regulatory processes and response arrangements of fish spermatozoa during the course of maturation and motility initiation. The first intent of this study was to improve the understanding of the mechanism underlying the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in sturgeon. Up to present work, the physiological process underlying sperm maturation in this species has not been described at all. Our results showed that sperm maturation in sturgeon occurs outside the testes because of dilution of sperm by urine and involves the participation of high molecular weight substances as well as calcium ions present in seminal fluid and/or urine. The second aim of the present study was to investigate the coping mechanisms in fish spermatozoa with osmotic and ionic activating mode, as well as in spermatozoa of euryhaline fishes, to various environmental conditions. We showed that alteration of environmental osmolality might affect the fish sperm in different ways, depending on fish species and modes of spermatozoa motility activation either osmotic or ionic mode. In response to osmotic stress caused by hypotonicity, carp spermatozoa regulated the flow of water across their cell membrane and increased their cytoplasmic volume during their short motility period. In contrast, no indications of sperm volume changes were observed neither in sterlet nor in brook trout spermatozoa, both of which having an ionic mode of motility activation. We also examined the mechanism by which sperm motility triggering in euryhaline fishes can adapt to a broad range of environmental salinity. Our results demonstrated that spermatozoa of euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, reared in fresh-, sea- or hypersaline water can be activated in hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic conditions of swimming milieu, provided Ca2+ ions are present at various levels. It was established that the higher the fish rearing salinity or the more hypertonic ambient media at spermatozoa activation, the higher extracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions is required. The results obtained in the present study allow suggesting that osmolality is not the main factor inhibiting sperm motility inside the testis in the S. melanotheron heudelotii. A third aim of this study was investigation of the regulation of motility initiation process and description of flagellar beating initiation in chondrostean spermatozoa. We detected that K+ inhibition of sperm motility in sturgeon can be by-passed due to the pre-exposure of sperm cells to a high osmolality shock prior to its transfer to K+-rich swimming media. Thus, we hypothesized that sturgeon spermatozoa may be activated by use of an unexpected signaling pathway, independent from regular ionic stimulation. The successive activation steps in sturgeon spermatozoa were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds. At motility initiation, the first couple of bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate towards the flagellar tip, but gradually fades when reaching the mid-flagellum. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitudes of bends gradually reach similar value, what eventually leads to sperm progressive displacement. The total period needed for the flagellum to switch from immobility with rigid shape to full activity with regular propagating bends ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds. In conclusion, the results of the current study bring valuable pieces of information into the general understanding of the processes of maturation of fish spermatozoa, their adaptability to different physical and biochemical circumstances, the extra- and intra-cellular signaling as well as the regulatory mechanisms of motility activation in fish spermatozoa.
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Comparison of HPLC a GC-MS method for pesticide determination in soil
Chalbia Václavíková, Alena ; Kočárek, Martin (advisor) ; Havlík, Jaroslav (referee)
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides may vary significantly. Pesticides can be acidic, neutral or alkaline. Some compounds containing phosphorus, other sulfur, nitrogen or halogens. These atoms can be important for the detection of pesticides. Some of the compounds are volatile, others on the contrary not evaporate, which is also one of the important properties for chromatography. The diversity of pesticides actually makes it impossible to create a universal method, which is very impractical in terms of quality and time determination. Because that pesticides are one of the most chemicals in most countries. In the food and drinking water are limits on pesticides in order to avoid negative impact on public health. For residues in soil or surface water limits are set. (Lutz et al., 2006)
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of using two types of chromatographs with different detectors for the analysis of pesticide. Pendimethalin which was chosen for this work, will be analyzed usinga liquid chromatograph with UV detektor and gas chromatography with mass detector. Both this method will be compared as well two extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction and shaking), and two extraction agents (methanol and acetonitrile).
Another point of the work is to provethe hypothesis that, for the determination of pendimethalin in soil is by gas chromatography using a mass spectrometer in comparison with the high performance liquid chromatography time and more expensive, but will achieve a higher yield and a lower detection limit of the pesticide.
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Environmental variables acquisition and evaluation
Ulrych, Vladislav ; Vasilenko, Alexandr (advisor)
The first part of thesis is devoted to the environment of the room in which is monitoring device intended - server room. There are description of calculating algorithms for proper sizing of cooling due to the heat. Further in this part is description of suitable senzors for monitoring device - physical principle, their proper use and meaning. Theoretical part also contains a list of several available ready commercial solutions of monitoring stations and their characteristics.
The second part is devoted to the assembly of monitoring device - physical build of hardware components, preparation s and connecting sensors, operating system installation, configuration and network preparation. The second part contains also instaling web server and configuration parts, that allows amek a web interface with presentation of measured physical quantities. Integration device with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for use with Zabbix monitoring system. Output from this work can be used for monitoring fundamental physical quantities in a small server room or in switch room.
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Evaluation of selected properties of mineral fibers-based board, including the design of suitable purposes of its application
Sýkora, Radim ; Böhm, Martin (advisor) ; Múčka, Martin (referee)
This thesis evaluates properties of board based on mineral fibers. In first part of the thesis is conducted analysis of the literature, where are described materials based on basalt fibers. Here is also explained production of basalt fiber and its practical applications. Sandwich materials and materials with great fire resistance based on wood are also looked into. Following part describes options of aplication of materials with great fire resistance and mechanical a physical properties of materials based on wood.
Second part of the thesis lays out methodical approach to individual performed mechanical and physical tests. Characteristic of examined material is included. The last part deals with test results, comparing results with other selected materials, debating results and proposing possible applications of examined basalt board. With use of found data is evaluated suitability of the material for use for construction of sandwich panel.
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An impact of organic farming on soil quality
Matěchová, Martina ; Jakšík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janků, Jaroslava (referee)
This work focuses on the system of organic agriculture and its impact on soil quality. It compares organic farming system with conventional. Both these systems are briefly described. There is also a list of soil quality indicators used for the soil quality is evaluation. The results of scientific studies, which dealt with different farming systems and their effects on soil properties, were discussed and evaluated.
Quality and fertile soil is crucial for production systems, however to define what means quality soil is very difficult. Therefore the number of quality indicators were established. The indicators can be grouped by their nature of soil properties they assess, such as physical, chemical and biological. Different techniques are adopted for soil quality evaluation.
Soil quality is affected by a lot of different factors. Anthropogenic activities are often considered as one of the most influential factor. The loss of soil fertility as well as other physical, chemical or biological deterioration of soil properties is called soil degradation.
The results of this study shown that careful tillage in organic farming could have positive effect or no effect on the biological and physical properties of soils. For some experiments there was an increased amount of soil organisms.
In the most experiments, application of organic fertilizers caused increase of organic matter and other essential nutrients. We conclude that under certain conditions with respect for the principles of organic farming the soil quality can be preserved or even improved, but in a longer timeframe.
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The effect of live weight of pigs on the histology of adipose tissue
Žalmánková, Nikola ; Okrouhlá, Monika (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The main goal of this paper was to evaluate the influence of live weight on both the quantity and the quality of back fat as well as on histology of adipose tissue in pigs. Fourty pigs of PIC genotype and equaly distributed sex were included in this study. The population was then divided into four sub-groups according to their live weight. (Groups: first - under 104.9 kg, second - between 105 kg and 109.9 kg, third - between 110 kg and 114.9 kg, fourth - above 115 kg)
The following indicators of fattening performance were monitored during the study: average daily feed consumption, average weekly feed consumption, average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Statistically significant influence was observed only for average daily weight gain which was found to be positively dependent on live weight increases. The smallest average daily weight gain (990.14 g) was observed in group one which at the same time displayed highest feed conversion rate (2.61 kg.kg-1). Subjects in group four, on the other hand, showed the largest average daily weight gain (1159.11 kg) and the lowest feed conversion rate (2.49 kg.kg-1).
Furthermore, development of back fat was periodically monitored via ultrasound examinations at three chosen points of the pigs' anatomy, beginning at four weeks of age and continuing until ten weeks of age. The measurements confirmed that the increases in depth of back fat correlate closely with gains in live weight.
No correlation was proven between other physical characteristics of back fat and changes in live weight. However, measurements showed statistically non-significant increase of coloration of back fat which correlated with weight gains for subjects under 114.9 kg of live weight. As far as tenderness of back fat is concerned, lowest values were found in both upper (74.31 N) and lower (59.61 N) fat in subjects in group two.
No significant influence of live weight on the histology of adipose tissue was found. Nevertheless, measurements showed apparent structural difference between the cut in the higher and lower part of back fat. In upper part of the cut was the highest density of adipose cells (60.27 cells per 1 mm2 at the average cell size of 3430.23) found in group number two. However, in the lower part of the cut was the highest density of adipose cells (63.8 cells per 1 mm2 at the average cell size of 3877.72) found in group number one.
None of the other monitored variables proved to be statistically significant.
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Influence of common eland (Taurotragus oryx) meat composition on its further technological processing
Kolbábek, Petr ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor)
This dissertation has been proposed as a part of long-time wide research conducted on farmed elands (Taurotragus oryx) at university farm at Lány. This thesis is planned to be closely connected with the study of influence of the nutrition and diet to the growth and meat composition and quality. Eland meat is traditionally considered as tasty and nutritionally valuable, but in fact the knowledge on the eland meat composition and technological processing potential is limited. The research will be focused on the analyses of physical and chemical properties of meat with emphasis on the influence of the diet and age of animals on the meat. Next part of the work will be to experimentally produce meat products (e.g. pâté, fermented salami) and evaluate theirs physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. The most of the analysis are planned in cooperation with Department of agriculture products quality on Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources.
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Influence of texture of briquettes from biomass to their mechanical properties
Černá, Iva ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
With the rising amount of AD technology utilizers, the issue how to storage, such liquid
material, which digestate is. In recent time, there are some other ways to utilize it, except
fertilizing with liquor, liquid part of digestate. Digestate can be dried and pressed into
briquette or pelleted form. In briquette form is important to understand relations between
properties of individual components because one property can influence another one, which
constituting texture of the material and its reprocessing into the final form of the product.
Thus this study was conducted, to find and/or quantify the relation between the texture of
biomass briquettes and their durability and strength of shape during manipulation, storage
and use. Basic hypothesis of this work is based on open presumption that briquette texture is
dependent on many parameters. Some of those parameters were tested. Namely, composition
of matter, physical properties of digestate briquettes, durability and hardness, size analysis
and other. Digestate has approved as good material for compression with high content of
nutrients. The rate of abrasion varied 7-12% at the beginning decreasing to 3-5%. Shore
testing showed results predicating relation between particle size and hardness. Sieve and
image analysis then showed range of particles ranging size 0.01 mm from 99.5% and 10 mm
from 99.7%, most of them with needle-like shapes. This study suggested the method that
allows analysing particle size distribution in sample and describes other briquette properties,
which can be useful for next research and commercial purposes.
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