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The role of general practitioner nurse in the prevention of the colorectal cancer in surgery.
TETÍKOVÁ, Hana
Current situation: The Czech Republic belongs to countries with high prevalence of colorectal carcinoma (CC). The theoretical part of this thesis includes basic information on carcinoma of the colon and the rectum. It also deals with its causes, symptoms and treatments. Primary, secondary and ternary prevention of CC is described in detail. Also the role of the nurse in general practitioner´s (GP) office in such prevention in adults is thoroughly investigated. Aims: Main aim of this work was to find the level of patient knowledge about the prevention program on CC and to map the role the nurse in GP office for adults has in this prevention. Methodology: Both qualitative and quantitative methods were chosen for this research. Obtained data was transferred into data matrix, evaluated using contingency tables and for statistical evaluation the one-sample and the two-sided t tests as well as the chi square test were used. The second method used was qualitative research in the form of structured interview. The interviews were transcribed into text. Through open coding analysis four categories were identified: The primary prevention of CC, The secondary prevention of CC, The immunochemical test for occult blood and The tertiary prevention of CC. Research group: The first research group consisted of patients aged 50 and above. The second research group consisted of five nurses working in the GP offices. Results: The first aim was to establish the level of knowledge in patients about CC. Four hypotheses were stated in order to fulfil the first aim. First hypothesis was: "Patients are informed about the prevention of CC". The level of significance for this hypothesis was calculated to 48.1 % and the hypothesis was therefore confirmed. However, reserves were discovered regarding the information on the primary prevention and first information about the secondary prevention is seen to dominate. This means that the research showed that patients that seldom visit the GP office fall through the CC screening. It is therefore very beneficial that a project has started from January 2014 with addressed invitations to the targeted population to such CC screenings. Second hypothesis presumes that "The knowledge of prevention of CC is gender indifferent". However, the reached level of significance at 2.2 % declines this hypothesis which means that the knowledge does differ based on gender. In fact the results show that women possess deeper knowledge on this subject. For example more women believe that smoking influences the prevalence of CC. The third hypothesis was supposed to either confirm or disprove that people are equally well informed about CC prevention in urban and rural areas. The level of significance of 1.2 % shows that this knowledge is better in urban areas. The last, fourth hypothesis asked whether patients have acquired their knowledge of CC prevention in the GP office. The level of significance for this hypothesis is 88.6 % and confirms the question. The second aim of this research was to map the role of the nurse in the GP office regarding the prevention of CC. The research question asked was" What role does the nurse have in CC prevention?" The research shows that her role is both irreplaceable and very significant.
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Progress of the system of public health insurance and health insurance companies in the Czech Republic for the period 2000 - 2015
Pecková, Tereza ; Lukášová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
This bachelor´s thesis analyzes the basic funds of health insurance companies for the period 2000 - 2015 in the Czech Republic, especially the creation of resources and their use and the entire system of public health insurance in the Czech Republic. Basic funds are one of the components of the overall economy of health insurance companies. First it is necessary to describe the market of the insured. The insured create and use the finances within public health insurance. Also important are contributions from the state budget for those insured by the state. We can conclude that the cost of health insurance companies are rising and that population is aging in the Czech Republic. However, this is not a balanced linear growth. The number of pensioners grew at a slower rate of growth, but according to population development forecast, there should be faster growth in the number of pensioners in the following years. Significant growth in cost is particularly noticeable in the age category of 80 and above, and increasingly more people should live up to this blessed age, also thanks to modern public health.
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Analysis of facilities of social services in the Region of Příbram
SLEZÁKOVÁ, Markéta
In choosing the subject of this degree work I was led by the effort to give an exhaustive integral report on the development in the sphere of the social and health care and to analyze the facilities for social sevices in the region of Příbram. As it is not possible to evaluate the facilities for social services without the description of basic historical events, of current demographic indexes and without the indication of the future development, the historical part together with the specification of particular groups threatened with social exclusion (seniors and handicapped people) forms an indispensable chapter of the theoretical part of this degree work. In connection with the fact that the region of Příbram is a specific industrial locality with signs of changes in the original structure of the population, it is possible to state that the people moved herein show less family solidarity and unity with each other. For that reason more facilities for social services are at disposal in this region. It is the unity care service rendered not only in own homes but directly in the houses of the clients as well, that has the oldest tradition among all providers The family nursing care rendered by one of two organizations has already the tradition of more than 15 years too. As to the care of seniors, the most significant provider that is the allowance organization "Pečovatelská služba města Příbram". This organization offers field care service and runs the home for seniors.The service, that supports especially the security of the seniors in their households, that is AREÍON-Život 90 with about 50-60 clients.A great advantage is also the fact that a part of providers of social and associated services have the seat at the same place, in the Community Centre. As to the care of handicapped people the strongest point are the family care CHOPS and SANCO, the field care service and other services rendered by "Pečovatelská služba města Příbram", the activities of unions and organizations associating handicapped people, assistance services and consultancy, community centre Příbram VII, day centre in the town nursery school and in the rehabilitation short stay hospital It is not simple to prognosticate further development as to rendering social services a relatively active social policy on the local level and a large extent of collaboration among particular groups of those, who provide social services, are promising and hopeful for the future.An important role will play the fact whether these organizations will obtain sufficient financial means needed for ensuring the services, they offer, within the sphere of multisorce financing. The demand for services and staffs meeting the requirements fixed by the Act on social services will be of great importance too.
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Hydrodynamic mixing of water-ask mixture in vessel
Holub, Přemysl ; Franc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Habán, Vladimír (advisor)
Master´s thesis Hydrodynamic mixing of water-ash mixture in vessel is interested in describing fluid and solid particles flow in a vessel. The mixing was conducted in cylindrical vessel by a radial nozzle. The goal of the thesis is to describe flow field and places where the most of the particles are descending according to position, depth, flow rate and nozzle orientation in the vessel. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate and document 8 different positions and orientation of the nozzle. Significant changes in flow fields and mixing time were observed. A mathematical model of the vessel with the nozzle was created in Fluent program. Places with the lowest velocities according to the model were in good agreement with places where the most of the solid particles were descending.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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: Investigation of lymphocyte populations in the porcine small intestine
Kárová, Kristýna ; Šinkora, Marek (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
8 ABSTRACT Historically pig is allocated to a group of animals which use certain parts of their small intestine to acquire a fully developed primary B cell reperoire. Development of such primary repertoire is independent on the antigen presence and resembles the primary lymphopoietic activity of avian bursa of Fabricius. However, some findings concernig the pig's alignment in the above mentioned group suggest otherwise. This graduation thesis is focused on the investigtion of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in the small intestine of germ-free and conventional piglets. The aim is to determine whether the percentage amounts of lymphocyte populations is dependent on the intestinal colonization. Using Flow Cytometry the significant differences between individual samples were assesed allowing us to conclude which parts of the small intestine could possibly be used for the development of B cell repertoire. Moreover, the status of isotype switching of B lymphocytes isolated from different intestinal parts was determined by the means of PCR analysis. Our data suggest that the small intestine colonization has a crucial role in development of all the main lymphocyte populations as well as some of their subpopulations. The greatest influence of colonization was observed concerning B lymphocytes and their...
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MDOCTM effect on expression of cell adhesion molecules / / in the vessel wall of ApoE / LDLR-deficient mice
Drnek, Ludvik ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Atherosclerosis belongs to the cardiovascular diseases, which have been the most frequent cause of the morbidity and mortality in all the economically advanced countries of Europe and the USA in the last few years. The purpose of this thesis was to find some potential hypolipidemic and antiinflammatory effects of MDOC. The new potential substance belongs to the group of dietary fibre. ApoE/LDLr-deficient mice (n=8) was used in the study. The mice were fed with aterogenic diet containing 1.25% cholesterol for 8 weeks. In MDOC group, the mice were fed on the same aterogenic diet, with 5% MDOC added to this diet. Blood sample for the biochemical investigation were taken from animals. Then, partitions of the tissue formed by the aorta together with the upper part of the heart were taken, too. Then, a biochemical analysis of the blood was made and also in aortic sinus and arch an imunohistochemical and stereological analysis of the endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were performed. The results of the biochemical analysis showed that MDOC treatment resulted in a significant decrease of total cholesterol, VLDL and significant increase of HDL cholesterol. Stereological analysis of immunohistochemical staining showed significant decrease of VCAM-1 staining in the atherosclerotic lesion after the...
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Modelling, parameter estimation, optimisation and control of transport and reaction processes in bioreactors.
ŠTUMBAUER, Václav
With the significant potential of microalgae as a major biofuel source of the future, a considerable scientific attention is attracted towards the field of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. Nevertheless the current photobioreactor (PBR) design methods are still too empirical. With this work I would like to promote the idea of designing a production system, such as a PBR, completely \emph{in silico}, thus allowing for the in silico optimization and optimal control determination. The thesis deals with the PBR modeling and simulation. It addresses two crucial issues in the current state-of-the-art PBR modeling. The first issue relevant to the deficiency of the currently available models - the incorrect or insufficient treatment of either the transport process modeling, the reaction modeling or the coupling between these two models. A correct treatment of both the transport and the reaction phenomena is proposed in the thesis - in the form of a unified modeling framework consisting of three interconnected parts - (i) the state system, (ii) the fluid-dynamic model and (iii) optimal control determination. The proposed model structure allows prediction of the PBR performance with respect to the modelled PBR size, geometry, operating conditions or a particular microalgae strain. The proposed unified modeling approach is applied to the case of the Couette-Taylor photobioreactor (CTBR) where it is used for the optimal control solution. The PBR represents a complex multiscale problem and especially in the case of the production scale systems, the associated computational costs are paramount. This is the second crucial issue addressed in the thesis. With respect to the computational complexity, the fluid dynamics simulation is the most costly part of the PBR simulation. To model the fluid flow with the classical CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods inside a production scale PBR leads to an enormous grid size. This usually requires a parallel implementation of the solver but in the parallelization of the classical methods lies another relevant issue - that of the amount of data the individual nodes must interchange with each other. The thesis addresses the performance relevant issues by proposing and evaluation alternative approaches to the fluid flow simulation. These approaches are more suitable to the parallel implementation than the classical methods because of their rather local character in comparison to the classical methods - namely the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for fluid flow, which is the primary focus of the thesis in this regard and alternatively also the discrete random walk based method (DRW). As the outcome of the thesis I have developed and validated a new Lagrangian general modeling approach to the transport and reaction processes in PBR - a framework based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the model of the Photosynthetic Factory (PSF) that models correctly the transport and reaction processes and their coupling. Further I have implemented a software prototype based on the proposed modeling approach and validated this prototype on the case of the Coutte-Taylor PBR. I have also demonstrated that the modeling approach has a significant potential from the computational costs point of view by implementing and validating the software prototype on the parallel architecture of CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). The current parallel implementation is approximately 20 times faster than the unparallized one and decreases thus significantly the iteration cycle of the PBR design process.
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