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Patient Hygiene as an Issue in Nursing Care
KONOPÍKOVÁ, Hana
The concept of hygiene is not related only to washing rituals and personal hygiene. Hygiene in healthcare includes also a set of professional measures, care practices, documentation and many more diverse aspects. However, the patient who is cared for, approach of nurses and paramedical personnel involved in care, are the most important aspects. Hygienic care also needs to be performed with fully or partially dependent patients, which is one of the areas dealt with in this bachelor thesis. In particular, patient care, his/her psychological state, motivation and willingness to become independent are of the utmost importance. Patient care should be carried out for patient's benefit and comfort while nurses need to dispose of sufficient time in order to deliver top quality care. One of the objectives of this bachelor thesis was to find out whether hygienic care contributes to patient's comfort and whether it has not become a mere routine for nurses. Secondly, opinions of nurses involved in everyday patient care have been analyzed. In order to meet the above-mentioned objectives, a qualitative research has been carried out, comprising interviews with nurses employed at the internal medicine unit of the Písek hospital Inc. The interviews have been recorded and subsequently rewritten down (see the appendix). The interviews have been accompanied by schemes. Hospitalization and illness always bring along many problems and, in the acute phases, hygiene might not necessarily be the priority. As soon as patients start recovering, they want to fulfil the necessities they are used to when at home. Hygiene, of course, belongs to these necessities. When a patient is not fully independent, he/she depends on nursing care or care of paramedical personnel. In this case, a nurse has to be prepared to provide help and also explain a patient everything he/she might need to know. The research showed that nurses are very communicative, which helps patients to feel better during hygienic care. The patients hospitalized welcome this care and are generally satisfied with its quality. Most patients reported that hygiene in the hospital is satisfactory and sufficient. In addition, they mentioned to be satisfied with the service delivered and feel better after it. From the point of view of nurses, hygiene care is performed carefully and with respect to patient's needs. Nurses should treat patients as equals, having in mind that they actually have the same needs. Hygiene is one of the primary needs and it is highly important as well in times of illness. The research showed that nurses consider the care performed as careful, regular and overall good. On the other hand, privacy and intimacy could be improved. The patients interviewed stated that hygiene is satisfactory and communication with nurses excellent. Responses to privacy and intimacy issues varied. The question is whether all patients in all hospital units/departments would share this experience.
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Comparison of Opinions of University Students of Medical and Economic Specializations of the Issue of Addiction
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Ilona
The thesis deals with the issue of addiction. The objective of the paper is to compare opinions and experience of university students of medical and economic specializations regarding narcotics and psychotropic substances. The issue of addictions is a frequently discussed and up-to-date subject that has big impact not only on health service and economics. The Annual Report of the Public Health Authority of the capital city of Prague in 2009 provides information about frequency of drug use among population. The first place belongs to methamphetamine (pervitin) which is mostly used by clients of K - centres and also by clients demanding treatment for the first time. The second place belongs to cannabis. The third place belongs to clients using opiates and demand treatment for the first time. (56) The theoretical part focuses on the issue of drug, alcohol and cigarettes addictions. The history and the development of every single type of addiction are mentioned here together with present knowledge and information. In the practical part of the thesis the method of quantitative research was applied. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and students of the University of Economics were a quota for the selection. The objective of the research was to map and compare opinions of students of above mentioned specializations of the issue of addiction and also to find out what is the personal experience of these students with narcotics. The research shows that the first personal experience of students of medical specializations with narcotics and psychotropic substances is similar to experience of students of economic specialization. Over 60 % of respondents answered that they have already had experience with a narcotic and psychotropic substance. There is also the similarity of age. Both groups most frequently mentioned the age of 16 as the age of the first experience with narcotic and psychotropic substances. Marijuana was the drug that was most frequently mentioned and used by students. 97 % of the students of the third Faculty of Medicine and 100 % of the students of the University of Economics answered no to the question whether they use narcotics or psychotropic substances regularly. They have had experimental experience with narcotics or psychotropic substances, however are not regular consumers. The students of the University of Economics show bigger tolerance to the use of psychotropic substances than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly condemn such an activity. The students of the Faculty of Economics distinguish soft and hard drugs more than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly answered that all drugs are dangerous. One of the questions focused on a total ban of smoking in restaurants and on the attitude of the students to the ban. 78 % of all students think it is a good thing. They mind passive smoking above all. Respondents from both universities agreed that they would not establish a partnership with an addict. Most students would even not tolerate a partnership with a person who was once an addict and now abstains since they are afraid that he/she could return to the addiction. The hard drug addiction is found by the students the most serious. On the other hand, marijuana addiction is extremely underestimated.
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The nurse's role in the complex process of transplantation
HEPLOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the issues of nursing care and the nurse?s position in the complex process of transplantation. Transplantation treatment becomes more important in the course of time. There are such situations that there is no other choice of restoring and saving the health of the sick person but to transplant. The complex process of transplantation is a chain of successive operations in which not only many doctors but also other medical and paramedical staff are involved and they constantly interact not only with the patient. Classically, the largest group in providing patient care is general nurses who assume the responsibility for the direct provision of nursing care, work independently and are responsible for the care provided. Their work requires a deep knowledge of the branch and many professional activities without suppressing their original mission. Today?s nurse is a full member of the team and the doctor?s partner in practicing his or her profession. The theoretical part deals comprehensively with the issues of the removal of organs especially from deceased donors, their transplantation and legislation in the Czech Republic and especially with the role of a nurse which she has in this process. An objective of the research survey was to map whether a nurse really felt to be the doctor?s partner in this challenging branch of providing nursing care and what their attitudes towards practicing their own profession in this branch were and to map the extensiveness of their knowledge and educational opportunities in these issues. Another objective was to map the attitudes of patients themselves towards care in the transplantation treatment process. In the research survey a quantitative method was used and applied by distributing questionnaires to general nurses working at a department of transplantation medicine. The results of the questionnaire survey were processed to create well-arranged tables. The qualitative part of the research survey was carried out through interviews with patients who are in the transplantation treatment process. The interviews were processed in writing and the results were summarized in mind maps.
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Gluten-free diet and current situation in the restaurants
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Miroslava
The theses called "Gluten-free diet and current situation in the restaurants" is focused on the issues associated with the availability of gluten-free meals in eating facilities of various types and with the possibilities of customers with gluten intolerance when eating out. In the first theoretical part, a "celiac" disease is described. It is compared with other forms of gluten intolerance there, too. Next part is dedicated to food allergen labelling because this topic is very close to the gluten-free diet. This part also characterizes various types of eating facilities and I depicts the territories where my research was made (the city of České Budějovice and the city of Klatovy), finally. The aim of this thesis was to take a close look at the offer of gluten-free meals in various types of eating facilities in the above mentioned cities and to examine the cooks´ knowledge of the principles of gluten-free diet. Here I compared nutritional values of gluten-free diet one-week menu with balanced diet recommendations, too. At the very end of the theoretical part I transformed some meals from restaurants´ standard menus into gluten-free version. In the practical part, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was applied. There were 20 eating facilities included in the research 10 in the city of České Budějovice and 10 in the city of Klatovy. The quantitative method was used to analyze the menus of the given eating facilities, the qualitative method, on the other hand, in the form of semi-structured interviews with the representative of these facilities. The results of the analysis of the menus were put into the Excel chart. The interviews were interpreted through mind maps. When compiling a one-week gluten-free diet I used a computer program "Nutriservis Professional". Finally, I compared the data from the above mentioned program with the figures recommended for the balanced diet. The analysis of the restaurants´ menus brought the following results normally, eating facilities don´t offer as many gluten-free meals as meals containing gluten. However, a number of naturally gluten-free meals in restaurants´ menus is not so bad. Moreover, the analysis of the interviews suggests that there is no problem to agree with the cooks on preparing a gluten-free meal if it is not in the menu. What is not satisfying is allergen labelling in restaurants´ menus and the cooks´ knowledge of gluten-free diet, too. The comparison of gluten-free and balanced diets implies that they do not differ too much as for the basic nutrients, energy, proteins, carbohydrates or fats. To conclude, this fact proves that gluten-free diet is adequate to the balanced diet.
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Application of insights in commercial communication targeted at women
Dúbravská, Pavla ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Zadražilová, Dana (referee) ; Přikrylová, Jana (referee)
Commercial communications is often accused of stereotyping when picturing women in commercials. To certain extent women expect and ask for "better and easier world" when it comes to advertising. In many cases however women tend to feel simplified. Both from advertising theory and practice insight is crucial for advertising to resonate with its target audience. If the communication is built on well-chosen insight the consumer gets a feeling that the brand understands him better. The main task of this work is thus to give insight into the mind of women as consumers and to find out how women perceive themselves in commercial communication. Two levels, theoretical and practical, are distinguished within this task that were later transformed into specific goals. Foreign literature gives evidence that insight is actually important part of both advertising theory and practice. No literature maps the attitude of practitioners in advertising in the Czech republic. Therefore the first goal is to map the role and understanding of insight in the Czech republic. To research this topic 12 in-depth interviews with advertisers and practitioners from communication and research agencies were executed. The in-depth interviews confirm the importance of insight also in the Czech republic. Second specific goal of the thesis is to map what kind of advertising Czech women consider as insightful. For the research purposes the insightfulness of communication is transformed into self-identification with media and commercial content. In the first part of this research respondents were asked to come up with content that evokes a feeling of understanding and self-identification. The research also verifies two hypotheses. H1: Stereotypes in advertising bother women. H2: Insights created in foreign countries can be applied in the Czech market. 200 women were interviewed through online questionnaire. As a stimuli television commercials with chosen parameters were used. It was found out that the self-identification with media content came through the identification with the main heroine, identification with realistic situations and through humour. The first hypothesis is not confirmed by the research. Women were not really bothered by stereotypes in advertising according to the research. The second hypothesis is not confirmed either. Foreign insights cannot be automatically used in the Czech market. There are national and cultural differences that need to be taken into account. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the summary. The benefit of this work on the theoretical level is seen in mapping the topic in its complexity. The practical contribution is seen in how the work assesses insights, its creation but also expectations of the subjects in the market.
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Bohemian lands and the War of 1813
Kessler, Vojtěch ; Bělina, Pavel (referee) ; Stellner, František (advisor)
In my work I try to analyze the war events of the year 1813, which took place on our land. I focused mostly on the reactions to the events from the inhabitants of the cities and the countryside. Therefore the key questions were - how did the inhabitants see and understand the major war events of their time. I also kept in mind the reflection about the economical difficulties caused by the military actions, or by a simple passing of the armies. For the obvious reasons I focused on the inhabitants of the north of the Bohemia region. It turned out that the war is still understood by a simple man of the beginning of the 19 century as a God's deal or as a caprice of the mighty. The people realized it's destructive potential only if it directly affected them. We could say that the level of the disagreement and the laments is inversely proportional to the distance between the places where the battles took place or where the armies were passing and the residences of the people manifesting them. Despite the sufferings of the war and the economic exhaustion, very soon after the battles had stopped, news about the natural cycles and the harvest started to reappear in the chronicles. Those were undoubtedly the events of a great importance for a person of that time.
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Smoking in restaurants in the center of Pilsen
VIDRŠPERKOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this diploma thesis is ´Smoking in restaurant facilities in Pilsen city center´. Smoking in restaurant facilities harms not only their visitors but especially their employees. This group of citizens becomes passive smokers for the entire working time which may have negative health consequences. The main goal of this thesis was to map out the problem of smoking in restaurant facilities from their employee´s point of view. Three research questions have been determined towards fulfilling this goal. The research was implemented with the help of qualitative survey. Semi-structured in-depth interview was carried out with 13 respondents who had been chosen through the snowball sampling method. Information was evaluated through the open coding method and it has responded to the research questions. The first research question - What are the smoking habits of smoking restaurant facility employees? The research has proven that the amount of cigarettes smoked by the smoking restaurant facility employees has raised. The second research question - How do the employees of smoking restaurant facilities perceive the risk of passive smoking? Respondent´s answers have provn that they do not perceive passive smoking to be a risk factor which might harm their health. Only a minor part of respondents minds working in a smoking environment. The third research question was put this way: What is the attitude of employees in smoking restaurant facilities towards the new planned anti-smoking legislation? The research has proven that most respondents does not wish the acceptance of smoking prohibition in restaurant facilities. The reasons are concerns for their jobs, decrease in revenue, refusal of prohibition in general ort he fact that they themselves are smokers. Only a small number of respondent sis acutally concerned about their health and would welcome an amendment to the Act. A short intervention was carried out with the respondents within the research, which was supposed to inform the employees of restaurant facilities about the risks of passive smoking. The research has proven that employees of smoking restaurant facilities do not perceive the risk of passive smoking really. They are often exposed to tobacco smoke even in their leisure time. The most effective prevention may be ensured by politicians who would enforce a stricter legislation.
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The influence of reskilling to employment of job applicants in the local job market
Švarcová, Miroslava ; Krištofová, Zuzana (referee) ; Šerák, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is concerned with reskilling issue. Preamble describes general theoretical principles which are related to unemployment and risk's groups that are mostly endangered. This essay gets point out of reskills's education in Czech Republic, describes this issue since own historical evolution and finally puts mind to present possibilities of reskilling in Most district. Integral part of the thesis is characterization of Most region which is specific with high rate of unemployment and limited work chance. Therefore the thesis is mainly focused to reskilling which is provided by labour office for jobless people. Statistical returns, used and analyzed in bachelor's thesis, comes from period 2004-2008 and are connected to reskilling which were realized by labour office of the Most City. The purpose of my analyses is comparing influence of age, education and gender for entrance to reskilling process. As well as there are results of reskilling of determined risk groups.
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Time-space perception of fear of crime as a barrier in daily life of women: case study of Praha 15 and Petrovice
Peterka, Vlastimil ; Temelová, Jana (advisor) ; Šiftová, Jana (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is identification of a new type of time-space constrain related to everyday life of young women aged 18 to 26 years. Semi-structured interviews and mental maps were recorded in the city parts Praha 15 and Petrovice with the aim to identify the perceptual barrier, whose temporal definition applies in particular to the evening hours and drkness. Space exposure of this barrier is registered through using the routine paths especially in avoiding certain places in night time. Dangerous places of this area were discussed too. Identified barrier women overcome by using special strategies - movement, mind and security, which works together in certain situations. Perception of sense of danger is factor, which influences quality of life, thereby should be a wide interest in this issue.
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Seniors´ expectations of the residential & nursing home from provided services
KVASNIČKOVÁ, Markéta
Residential & nursing home is a residence facility that provides its users a comprehensive day care. Range of basic activities that are provided to users of the facilities, is stipulated by the law No.108/2006 Coll., on social services. Needs are a part of everyone's life. The needs happen to get changed in old age. The aim of the thesis was to find out what similarities and differences in users' expectations from provided services are in the residential & nursing home for the elderly. To achieve the research project, the qualitative research strategy was used and method of questioning, using a semi-structured interview techniques was chosen. The research sample included four users living in residential & nursing home for the elderly in Chynov, p.o.The first partial research question dealt with what expectations users have in an area of satisfaction of biological needs in relation to the service offered. The respondents are satisfied with the accommodation. Only one of the respondents does not like the accommodation because he/she is not alone in a single room. The respondents are satisfied with meals. Respondents sleep well in the residential & nursing home. One of the respondents gets disturbed while sleeping by a room mate who gets up early.In the field of hygiene two respondents need an additional help of the staff. One respondent suffers from urinary incontinence. Three respondents use compensatory aid when walking. One of the participants of the research minds walking on the wet floor that is very slippery. Other respondents do not see any obstacles in the residential & nursing home that would worsen their movement. Among the most common health problems there are primarily diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Respondents are very satisfied with health care.The second partial research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are in an area of meeting the mental health needs in relation to the service offered. Two respondents from the home environment and others from some residential care came to a residential & nursing home for the elderly.All respondents would recommend other people to stay in a residential & nursing home for the elderly. The respondents' answers suggest that the staff respect their privacy and intimacy. Most often the respondents find information about events on the residential&nursing home on the bulletin board or ask nurses. One of the respondents said they he/she does not know where to get information.To the question of how the respondents feel at the residential & nursing home for the elderly, some responded that they feel comfortable and safe, and others consider their stay in the facility as a necessity. The third partial research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are as to an area of satisfaction of social needs in relation to the service offered.The staff treat users well. One of the respondents had a conflict with one sister some time ago. All participants of the research have established some new friendships. All respondents agreed that there are enough social events in the facility.Among the interests of leisure there are listening to the radio, reading books, doing crossword puzzles and watching TV. The fourth research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are as to meeting the spiritual needs in relation to the service offered. All but one respondent know that there are worships in the residential & nursing home. One respondent says that meeting the spiritual needs of the facility is taboo. Only one of the respondents attends worships regularly at the facility.The respondents' answers suggest that the most common desire is to have a good health as long as possible. One of the respondents would like a single room. One research participant is thinking about death and says that his wish is to go to sleep one day and wake up no more yet.
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