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Study of the reproductive biology of the crayfish - mating, laying eggs and morphological structure of the male and female gametes
KUBEC, Jan
In the nature, crayfish are represented like predators or a part of food base of some fish. Also in free waters they acts as detrivors and are an important element in the nutrient and energy circle in aquatic ecosystem. The crayfish weren't able to avoid negative impacts of anthropogenic activities such as water pollution and devastation of habitats. For these reasons reproduction of the crayfish is necessary in hatcheries and farms. The main aim of my work was to study the reproductive biology of the crayfish focused on the process of mating, the interval between mating and laying eggs, fertilization and morphological structure of the male and female gametes. Among the secondary objectives there was included using of repeated electrostimulation of the crayfish and the possibility of hybrids of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and the narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). The observation of the period of reproduction was realized on representativies of the noble crayfish and the narrow-clawed crayfish throughout natural mating in the tanks. The structure of gametes was observed on the samples taken from thenoble crayfish (Astacus astacus), the narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and spinycheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus). The experiments were carried out during the autumn season in 2012 and 2013. The results of observations of the reproduction of crayfish made us clear as for the period and intervals for all phases of the process of mating crayfish. For females the noble crayfish and the narrow-clawed crayfish was found oviposition without the presence of males. Their individual components have been described by using ultrastructure of males and female gametes. Repeated electrostimulation showed at the family Astacidae as a suitable tool for collecting large mass of sperm material. Hybridization experiment proved that it can occur to mate the two species of crayfish in areas where they occur simultaneously. These experiments helped to further knowledge of reproductive biology of crayfish.
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Morphological variability of species \kur{Euphrasia stricta} and \kur{Euphrasia nemorosa}
HOŘČICOVÁ, Šárka
Euphrasia L. belongs to the most taxonomically complicated genera in Europe. This is caused especially by considerable similarity of majority of species, intraspecific variation and hybridization, which occurs very often in this genus. A review of the studied genera and hybridization was worked up. Morphological variation of Euphrasia stricta, Euphrasia nemorosa and morphologically intermediate populations was investigated using conventional and geometric morphometric methods. Isolation and optimalization for PCR of ITS, matK and trnT-trnL regions has been made.
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Spoken Danish in the Contemporary Danish Literature and its Translation into Czech
Cmíralová, Markéta ; Březinová, Helena (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the methods used by translators when translating spoken language in contemporary Danish fiction into Czech. In the first chapter, the Czech translation tradition is defined. This tradition influences Czech usage and tendencies. The second chapter introduces the features of stylized language reflected in literature written in Czech. As will be shown, these are mainly lexicological and morphological features and related stylistical means. The following chapters are devoted to the analysis of individual features of stylized language and their translation into Czech. Discussed are loanwords, diminutives, expletives, morphological changes, realia and politeness. The translated units are compared with Czech translation tradition and literature written in Czech.
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Morphological and syntactical description of Czech numerals expressing number, sets and types of entities
Jínová, Pavlína ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The theme of this thesis is morfological and syntactical description of Czech numerals expressing number of a) entities, b) their sets and c) their kinds. These three meanings are to be found together in some simple (basic) numerals (dva - two, osm - eight), numerals such as čtvero (group of four entities of different kinds, four) or dvé (group of two entities, two), and numerals expressing the number of kinds (dvojí, dvoje - two kinds). The co-occurrence of the three meanings mentioned is the reason why they are discussed together within one treatise. The goal of our analysis is to contribute, on the basis of a research into current linguistic materia/, to the mapping of the use of the numerals under study in modern Czech. The first part of the thesis consist of a description of the simple (basic) numerals, numerals such as čtvero and dvé and numerals expressing the number of kinds. In the second part we look at the problem from the opposite point of view, adducing the way of counting entities which are labelled by nouns with peripheral distribution of number (kalhoty - trousers, dveředoor( s), nádobí - utensils, ovoce - fruit(sL přikývnutí - nod(s), voda - water, mouka - flour, etc.). Many phenomena discussed in this thesis which are related to the use of the three adduced types of numerals points to the...
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Phonological and morphological skills of preschool children
SVOBODOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor's thesis is focusing on the development of preschool children, primarily on their phonological and morphological abilities. The main objective of this thesis is to examine further risks of reading abilities,indicating possibilities of reducing all these risks by the methodical work with children of preschool age. In the theoretical definition the physical, psychological and social development of children is defined, as well as their maturity and readiness for school in regards to speech as well as their phonological and morphological abilities. The practical part is focused on quantitative research of preschool children, with a focus specifically on the observation of variables, mostly in phonological and morphological abilities, techniques, practices. Based on obtained results are recommended exercises for the development of these abilities.
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Problems of Czech morphology in selected handbooks
Prohorenco, Dmitrii ; Hrdlička, Milan (advisor) ; Holub, Jan (referee)
Czech language is inflective, that is one ending/suffix cumulates many categories. Many words (especially nouns, verbs and adjectives) have many forms. There are seven cases, fourteen basic types for nouns, five verb conjugation classes, ten parts of speech in czech. Verbs have categories of voice, aspect, person and tense. Nouns have gramatic categories of number, case and gender. There is a variety of irregularities, dual forms etc. in czech. Czech orthography is complicated when compared to croatian or finish, but is relatively simple when compared to french or english. One can say that czech orthography is phonological, but it takes into consideration also morphology and etymology. Czech is spoken primarily in Czech republic. There are some czech minorities in Australia, Argentina, Romania and USA. Czech is quite popular for foreigners to study, also it is spoken only by aproximately 12 mln. of people. The czech word order is different from the word order of english or french, that is relatively restrictive. The czech word order is on the other hand relatively free. Often all the permutations of words in a clause are possible. The concept of czech word order introduced Vilem Mathesius - the co-founder of Prague Linguistic Circle. Usually there exists the basic word order. Observing discourse patterns,...
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Morphological changes of sensory taste buds in pacient with cleft lip and palate
Straková, Kristina ; Dušková, Markéta (advisor)
The theme of my thesis morphological changessensory taste receptors in patients with cleftlip and palate, we chose based on its long-term interestthe field of plastic surgery. Cleft lip and palate defects areintegral part of this industry and one of the most interestingtopics that address this subject.The total rehabilitation of patients with cleft requiresmultidisciplinary treatment that begins immediately after birth andlasts into adulthood. The comprehensive treatment gradually, inDepending on the postnatal development, health and growthvictim, involved in a specialized team, whose base isplastic surgeon, dentist (orthodontist, maxillofacialsurgeon, dental surgeon and prosthetist), speech therapist, phoniatrist, audiologist andFinally, a clinical psychologist.Due to congenital defect area and centrofaciálníthe complexity of treatment failure also can assume the function of language,particular taste. This assumption is supported by the fact that the averagenumber of operations of the defect number reaches 4.8. Orthodontic treatmentapparatuses lasts from early childhood to prosthetic reconstructionin early adulthood. In addition, patients suffer from frequent otitis media,upper and lower respiratory tract infections and allergies. All of thesefactors can affect the function of language, particularly the...
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Speciation of the genus Lethrus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) of the eastern mediterranean
Drožová, Dana ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
Earth-boring dung beetles of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 belong to the family Geotrupidae, classified into three subfamilies (Geotrupinae, Lethrinae a Taurocerastinae). The description of about 120 species, divided into nine subgenera, is based on morphology and geographic distribution. Shape of mandibles, ventral mandible processes, pronotum and structure of external male genitalia are used as diagnostic morphological characters for taxa. The richest species diversity is known from Central Asia. The distribution area reaches, in the east, up to Mongolia and China, and in the west, up to Southeast Europe. All species are robust, relatively large flightless beetles with low dispersial ability. They feed on parts of fresh plants instead of feces like other dung beetles. Master thesis is focused on the species distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean and Central Europe. This area is inhabited only by nominotypical subgenus Lethrus. The main goal of thesis is to clear up phylogenetic relationships between species of subgenus and speciation events using molecular genetic methods. We have examined 91 samples of the genus Lethrus using two mitochondrial genes - cytochrome b (382 bp, 80 sequences), cytochrome oxidase I (815 bp, 87 sequences) and nuclear gene 28S rDNA (D2-D5) (1100 bp, 11 sequences)....
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