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The influence of habitat structure on aquatic beetles in southern Bohemia
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
I studied the influence of fishpond management and environmental characteristics on diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), which are important predators in aquatic systems. In 2014 I used live traps to study diving beetle communities in 117 ponds in South Bohemia. The ponds were divided in three categories: intensively managed, extensively managed, and without fish. In total 26 species of diving beetles were found (N=1346). Overall, the beetles prefered shallow litoral zones with cattail (Typha), manna grass (Glyceria) and reed (Phragmites). The number of species declined with increasing alttitude and depth near the trap, while their abundance increased with pond area and amount of detritus near the trap. Beetles occured more in ponds with lower pH, lower conductivity and higher oxygen content. More beetles were found in fishless ponds. On the other hand, some ponds with high density of fishes but well preserved littoral zone had similar communities of diving beetles to the fishless ponds. This shows that high density of fish in ponds decreases the diversity and abundance of diving beetles, most likely because it decreases the vegetation in littoral zone. During the survey, four new localities of Graphoderus bilineatus were found; the species is protected by NATURA 2000 and has been known from very few recent localities in the Třeboň area.
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Biotic and abiotic factors affecting territorial and reproductive behaviour of dragonflies (Odonata)
KYBICOVÁ, Tereza
Habitat selection, territorial behaviour and reproductive behaviour of dragonflies (Odonata) are discussed and biotic and abiotic factors affecting their territorial and reproductive behaviour are reviewed. The most important biotic factors are predation risk affecting larval survival and the presence of aquatic vegetation, which provides spatial structure. The review is complemented by a field study of territorial and reproductive behavior of dragonflies at an experimental site, at which the quality of individual pools was manipulated by a combination of the presence or absence of artificial vegetation and the presence or absence of an introduced top predator (late-instar larvae of Anax and Aeshna).
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Method of testing of the seed traits and seedling development under abiotic stress conditions for selection of oilseed rape genetic resources
Bláha, Ladislav ; Vyvadilová, Miroslava
The method is based on laboratory tests of speed of seed germination, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water level, extreme high and low temperatures. It allows to eliminate already at the seed level the plant materials (initial breeding materials and cultivars) which do not tolerate extreme temperatures and temperature changes during germination, have a low water use efficiency and are intolerant to abiotic stresors. It was confirmed that these genotypes have also poor field emergence and initial growth of roots with implications for further vegetation period, mainly for over wintering and spring regeneration what has significant influence on the yield. The method represents the tool for screening of genetic resources with the resistance to the abiotic stresors and this technology process is acceptable also for other crops.
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Agricultural operations and their impact on the environment
BÁRTŮ, Lukáš
The thesis focuses on agricultural activities in terms of their noise influence and impact on the environment. Agricultural activities are in this particular thesis biogas plant, dryer of agricultural commodities and stable of young cattle. The aim of the thesis is the noise measurement in different areas at two different seasons vegetation season and non-vegetation season. The thesis focused on selection of appropriate locations for measurement, noise measurement nearby to the noise polluting source, noise pollution by the nearest habitation and measurement of climatic conditions. These measurements were followed by the calculation of equivalent noise level and their evaluation according to the legislation. Based on the gathered data and carried calculation it could be concluded, that the noise pollution of the agricultural activities in only contribution to the current noise pollution level. However gathered do not show values which would be significantly close to the hygienic noise limits for protected outdoor areas. In the thesis, there were also suggested noise reducing corrective actions, which could partly eliminate the noise pollution from agricultural activities.
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The natural seasonal changes in the food choice and digestive tract of wild ruminants
Kamler, Jiří ; Homolka, Miloslav
Herbivore populations all over Europe have been strongly influenced by human activities. A combination of harvest, changes in forest structure, supplementary feeding, predator extirpation and others factors have led in most cases to increases of their populations and a severe impact on the composition and structure of the forest vegetation. The food choice of free living ungulate species is strongly influenced by season and animal species and changes in diet composition and quality cause the changes in the digestive tract. Effective management of ungulate populations and forest ecosystems should be based not only on detailed information about the impact of deer browsing and the number of deer to harvest but also on the density of deer species, the food supply, the structure of diets consumed by individual species, attraction and quality of the individual components of food supply the total quality of food taken and seasonal changes in digestive tract.
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Aerophytic cyanobacteria from limestone quarry Malá Amerika
KOČVARA, Luboš
The presented work was aimed on discovery of diversity of aerophytic cyanobacterial vegetation of Malá Amerika limestone quarry located in Český kras Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic. It was found and determinated 20 morphotypes of cyanobacteria. Moreover, putative effects of light, water availability and a distance from water level on species diversity have been studied. It has been shown that the limiting factor on this locality is humidity, not light.
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Změny obsahu humusu a půdní reakce na vybraných lokalitách Moravského krasu
Boráková, Iveta
This thesis deals with the content of soil organic matter and soil reaction to selected locations in protected landscape area Moravian karst. 30 lokalities was compared (10 arable land, 10 permanent grassland, 10 forest). Samples were taken from surface mineral horizon in 2011 and 2013. In the theoretical part is discussed the issue of soil organic matter and soil reaction. There is characterized area Moravian Karst. The practical part includes processing methods, results, evaluation, statistical and graphical processing. Average content of humus increases in the order: arable land < permanent grassland < forest. The values in 2013 were lower than in 2011. Soil reaction was in 2011 for arable land, permanent grassland and forest vegetation very similar. Soil reaction was in 2013 similar only with arable land and grassland, the forests were lower. The values in 2013 were lower than in 2011 In 2013, the soil reaction is similar only with cropland and grassland, the forests were lower. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA: one factor) was shown influence the type of vegetation on humus content. Influence the type of vegetation on soil reaction wasn't shown. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the measured values of cnotent humus and soil reaction in 2011 and 2013.
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Zhodnocení vlivu vybraných ukazatelů na tělesné rozměry a úhly končetin koní
Knotková, Veronika
The goal of diploma thesis was evaluating the effect of observed factors, which is breed, age, the type of stabling, feeding, a mount of the work, the way of hooves trimming and interval between hooves trimming, on angles of limbs. The database for statistical evaluating was made by manual inserting of data after measuring, capturing and writting down the information about the horse. Angles of limbs was measured by computer program from photos. In theoretical part of thesis I described anatomy and physiology of the horse's limbs and hooves, mechanics of movement and defects of positions. In practical part I have statistically evaluated influence of observed effects on limbs angles using a general linear model GLM and if a statistical significant influence, the data were evaluated using the multiple comparisons by the Scheffe method. The average values of data were compared with values of ideal.
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