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Measurement of transverse relaxation using spin echo methods
Škoch, Antonín ; Tošner, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hanyková, Lenka (referee)
Title: Measurement of transverse relaxation using spin echo methods Author: MUDr. Antonin Skoch, Ph.D. Department: Department of Low Temperature Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Zdenek ToSner, Ph.D. NMR laboratory, of Faculty of science, Charles University in Prague Supervisor's e-mail address: tosner(o)karlov.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The study of TI relaxation in systems with homonuclear J-coupling is complicated by modulation in the relaxation curve. This J-modulation can be removed when CPMG sequence is used and the period of repetition of refocusing pulse Tfulfils a condition r « * ( 1 ) Ai' where Av is the frequency difference of coupled nuclei. However, the condition (I) cannot be in practice always fulfilled. The aim of this work was to investigate J-modulation and relaxation behaviour of homonuclear J-coupled system in various parameters of CPMG sequence. Simulations based on numerical solution of Liouville-von Neumann equation and Redfield theory were performed. Relaxation curves of Chh group of citrate were measured on high-resolution NMR spectrometer. It was found that the suppression of J-modulation can be achieved also for T longer than required by the condition (1) providing that the refocusing angle in CPMG for both J-coupling partners 9^180ř. The simulations yielded conditions for T when J-modulation...
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Tennis seen as unilateral strain from perspective of physiotherapy
SOUČEK, Vojtěch
The thesis called ``Tennis as a Unilateral Strain from a Physiotherapeutic Point of View{\crqq} describes not only the anatomy and function of the body axis, the coordination of muscle groups, the principle of disrupting movement stereotypes and the impact of these disorders on the body, but also the technique of basic tennis strokes and the muscles playing their part in the movements during playing tennis. Studying the above-mentioned theory and training plans of the players resulted in creating a series of compensatory exercises, which are described in the methodological part of the thesis along with the results of a check-up and testing. The thesis aimed to generate such an intervention programme, which would be effective and undemanding and therefore could be with no difficulties included in the training of the players. The outcome part of the thesis recorded input and output values of the experimental and control groups. The conclusion was that the unilateral strain still prevails despite doing compensation exercises; therefore the compensation demands an individual approach and more intensive engagement of each player.
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Genetic aspects of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy
Lišková, Petra ; Filipec, Martin (advisor) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee) ; Slavčev, Antonij (referee)
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is regarded as a rare autosomal dominant disorder, affecting both the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. However, in the Czech Republic, PPCD is one of the most prevalent corneal dystrophies. The first phase of the project involved the phenotyping of Czech patients with PPCD and the collection of samples for further genetic analysis. The second phase involved determination of the PPCD chromosomal locus in two large families by using linkage analysis followed by positional candidate gene screening. In total 20 PPCD families with two or more affected members were ascertained. PPCD was diagnosed in 104 individuals, of these 82 provided peripheral blood sample for DNA isolation. Linkage analysis was performed on 52 members in two families that lead to the delineation of the PPCD locus to a 2.7 cM interval on chromosome 20p11.2, between flanking markers D20S48 and D20S139. This resulted in the exclusion of VSX1, which had previously been associated with PPCD, as the disease-causing gene in both families. Five positional candidate genes within the 2.7 cM genetic interval were screened for mutations in two probands from these families by the direct sequencing of the coding regions and no pathogenic mutations were identified. In summary, refinement of the...
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Study of signal systems with special focus on the role of nitric oxide: gene expression, regulation and pharmacological modulation in hepatocytes and adipocytes
Kutinová Canová, Nikolina ; Farghali, Hassan (advisor) ; Červinková, Zuzana (referee) ; Martásek, Pavel (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in surprising array of vital physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. The expression of nitric oxide synthases, endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS), was demonstrated in rat liver and white adipose tissue among others. Therefore, the goals of the present thesis were to provide in vitro data about NO in the liver and white adipose tissue and to assess: 1) the effects of selective immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK 506), and nonspecific and specific iNOS inhibitors on NO production and iNOS expression during endotoxemic insult using primary rat hepatocyte culture; 2) spontaneous NO production under various culture conditions with comparison of its influence on functional status of hepatocytes in conventional cell culture and in hepatocyte bioreactors; 3) effects of S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP), D- galactosamine (D-GalN), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+D-GalN and thapsigargin (TG), a selective inhibitor of a sarco-endoplasmic reticulum-Ca2+ -ATPase, on apoptotic/necrotic markers in relation to NO production; 4) the effect of LPS on lipolysis in relation to iNOS stimulation; and 5) the interplay between NO production and β3-adrenoreceptor (β3- AR)/cAMP pathway on lipolysis in rat epididymal adipocyte culture. We found that CsA, FK...
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The study of molecular and biochemical bases of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Veselá, Kateřina ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Department of Pediatrics, 1st faculty of Medicine, Charles Univezity in Praha), which serves as the diagnostic center for patients from Czech and Slovak Republics. During the last years, more than 40 children with isolated COX deficiency were diagnosed in our lab. But molecular background except 12 patients with mutations in SURF1 gene was remaining unknown. Due to the lack of adequate treatment for these patients, the genetic counseling and the possibility of prenatal diagnostics have high importance for the families. The possible dual origin of the defect with different hereditary aspects makes the genetic counseling in the affected families complicated and prenatal diagnostics based only on biochemical analyses very problematical if even possible. This work had been arisen basically from the necessity to find the molecular background of isolated COX deficiency in our patients. In addition of simple characterization of molecular background and optimalization of methods for routine diagnostics, we were able to study the impact of several mutations in nuclear genes for COX assembly factors on the biochemical, structural and histochemical level in affected tissues.
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Podíl subtypů P2 receptorů na modulaci glutamatergního přenosu v mozkové kůře
Honzová, Lenka ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and there is emerging evidence that its release is subject to presynaptic regulation by P2 receptors. Activation of P2X receptors elicited glutamate release from terminal of dorsal horn neurons of spinal cord and hippocampus whereas activation of P2Y receptors has been shown to inhibit glutamate release in the hippocampus. Glial cells express several subtypes of P2Y receptors and there is growing evidence that these cells are active elements at synapses, they release ATP upon activation of glutamate receptors and participate in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of P2Y receptors in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission in rat brain cortex; whether uptake of glutamate by glial cells is influenced by P2Y receptor-activation and to identify the subtypes of P2Y receptors involved. Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes obtained from brain hemispheres of newborn rats were used as a model to study the influence of P2Y receptors on the uptake of glutamate. We clarified the role of several P2Y agonists and we identified the subtypes of P2Y receptor involved in the regulation of synaptic concentration of glutamate which may provide the knowledge for...
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Studying of atorvastatin effects on atherogenesis in apoE-/-/LDLR-/- double knock-out mouse model of atherosclerosis II.
Zajíčková, Jana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease of blood-vessel wall, which attacks all population. It is very widespreaded and nowadays it is also one of the most frequent causes of death in the all economically advanced countries. In recent years the extensive research of atherosclerosis have brought a number of new pieces of knowledges, which have contributed to understanding of actions that happen during the process of atherogenesis. ApoE/LDL - receptor double knockout mice represent an animal model for study of atherogenesis, which is able to evolve severe hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Statins are currently the most considerable and the most useful hypolipidemic drugs. They significantly decrease levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and also decrease mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out and describe the expression of SMAD 2/3 in atherosclerotic plaques in apoE/LDL-receptor deficient mice and to study possible atorvastatin effects on its expression. The female mice at the age of eight weeks were used in the study. Animals were divided �into� two �groups. The �control� group �of �animals� was fed with the western type diet.����same atherogenic diet was�used in��atorvastatin group,�where�atorvastatin�was�added to the...
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Study of transport mechanisms of xenobiotics
Richtrová, Monika ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Aim: Graduation theses was aimed on the use of the isolated rat renal cells to study of transport mechanisms of the selected receptor - specific peptides from the group of somatostatin analogues labeled with convenient radionuclides - 111In-DOTA-octreotate, 125IDOTA- octreotate. Experiment with the selected model substances - sucrose and α-methyl glucoside as markers of active and passive transport was executed. Accumulation process of α-methyl glucoside was tested in renal and pancreatic cells. Further, accumulation of the radiopeptides was researched in presence of the potential inhibitors, which could reduce to retention these radiopeptides and thus also clinically undesirable renal radiotoxic insult. Methods: Isolated rat renal cells were prepared by collagenase technique. Pancreatic rat exocrine cells were prepared from cell line tumor cells. Viability of cells was tested with trypane blue. The accumulation rate of model substances was compared with the accumulation radiopeptides rate: 111In-DOTA-octreotate, 125I-DOTA-octreotate. Transport character was also monitored for low temperatures. Megalin/cubilin membran transport system was researched via their ligands (e.g. albumin, gentamicin), which could inhibit accumulation of the radiopeptides by competition in transport. Results: Cells...
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