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Physiotherapy of scar in prevention and treatment of functional disorders
HRDÝ, Tomáš
The topic of the thesis is "Scar physiotherapy in the prevention and treatment of functional disorders." A scar is an inferior connective tissue resulting by the healing process, in various depths of soft tissues of various etiologies. A scar can never reach the original rheological properties of the given tissue, it is a regeneration product, replacing the original damaged tissue. A scar is physiologically healed into a thin, pale hair line, which does not affect local shunt and protraction abilities of soft tissues moving in accordance with the osteoarticular apparatus. If the healing process does not happen physiologically, a pathological scar is created, that scar can often become active, having a negative impact not only on its immediate vicinity, but also reflexively on the whole postural-locomotor system of the individual. The thesis is a comprehensive view on the scar as another "organ ", the activity of which can manifest itself in postural and movement patterns of the person. In the study the connection of a scar and its neurophysiological chaining are discussed, where an active scar may cause local changes in the muscle tone, skin sensitivity, it can lead to dysfunctions of internal organs and a limited mobility of the locomotive segment with the afferent link to the central level of motor control. Overlooking a scar as a possible provoking segment of a pathogenetic chain can lead to the failure of therapy and the relapse of symptoms. The method of this study was qualitative research based on a deliberate (purpose) data collection. The data were obtained by the method of observation, interview, document analysis and kinesiologic examination. The research group consisted of 4 probands, in which an activity of a scar at different levels of soft tissues linked to postural-locomotor system was found by examination. On the basis of continuous and a final examinations of the probands, the research questions were answered. The results show that appropriately selected techniques of physiotherapy had a positive effect on the health condition of a given patient. Using continuous and meaningful therapy including manual medicine techniques, physical therapy, balneology and pharmacology, the activity of the scar tissue with all its consequences was mitigated or completely stopped. The outcomes of the study can be used by physiotherapists as well as other members of the medical staff, and may also serve to physicians in differential-diagnostic considerations.
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Hippotherapy impact on patients after spine injuries
Vaisová, Martina ; Doležalová, Jana (advisor) ; Neumann, Cyril (referee)
The aim of this study was to write the most comprehensive and also current literature review on the effect of hippotherapy on to patiens after spine injuries.
The first part is devoted to the anatomy of the human spine. Spine creates the axis of the trunk skeleton and consists of 33 vertebrae. All vertebrae have the same shape and size. They differ according to which part of the spine they are located and how much mobility occurs in this particular segment of the spine. The vertebrae are divided in cervical, which are the most mobile, thoracic, lumbar, cross and coccyx, which grow together in the sacrum.
Spinal cord is the cylinder of nerve tissue contained in the spinal canal. The nerve tissue is comprised of gray and white matter. 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from combining the front and rear roots come out of the spinal cord. Spinal cord transmits information from the brain to the body.
Subsequently, the study deals with the causes of spinal injuries. We can say that most injuries occurs in traffic accidents or from falls from height. After a spine injury a spinal cord and conducting nerve impulses are not necessarily damaged . However, after spinal cord injury conduction of nerve impulses is breached and spinal lesion arises. If no improvement appears within 24 hours after trauma, patient's condition is unchanging and interrupted conduction is permanent.
If there is no break spinal cord, rehabilitation is carried out mainly by strengthening the spinal column. In the case of spinal cord transection we use rehabilition mainly to improve preserved functions.
Hippotherapy is a method that can be used after a spine or spinal cord injury. It is a method in which the therapist uses the horse's back as an aid for rehabilitation. The horse's back moves in three directions at step: forward, backward, upward, downward and sideways. These movements are transmitted to the client, for which give rise to facilitation of brain function, and we use it in hippotherapy.
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Influence of Foot reflexology in reducing swelling of lower limbs
SMOLOVÁ, Petra
This batchelor´s thesis deals with the issue of swelling of lower limbs in the view of foot reflexology. The treatment or reduction of this symptom must be solved comprehensively with a respect to the primary cause because it is only symptom, not illness. Formation of swelling can cause pathology of venous or lymphatic system, diseases of viscus or mechanism of injury. These causes can combine very often, therefore the diagnosis and resulting therapy is not always easy and explicit. This work shows possible mechanisms and causes of swelling and simultaneously indicates therapeutic methods useful in its therapy. This work focuses on the method of foot reflexology as a part of therapy of swelling. Foot reflexology is non-invasive, complementary holistic method which assumes existence of reflective spots on feet. During the therapy a teraphist treats reflective spots of specific viscus by the pressure of his/her fingers. It comes to affecting the entire body within the foot reflexology. The aim of this work was to chart if the foot reflexology can have an effect on reduction of swelling of lower extremities and suggest a consequential physiotherapy with using this method. For realisation of this aim was used qualitative research by processing of case reports. In the research were included three women with perimalleolar swelling of lower extremities with a duration at least for one year. These women were taken personal anamnesis, they also went through an input and output kinesiology examination completed with diagnostics of sensitive feet reflective. Sensitive reflective spots were clasified by a visaul analog pain scale. It is a scale from 0 to 10, the number 10 represents the gratest pain (sensitivity), which a patient has ever experienced. This scale helped with the classifiacation of sensitivity of reflective spots during the therapy. The degrees were registred into diagrams. During this therapy were also measured and registered circuits of swelling. The therapy proceed for five weeks. Patients´ feet were treated by the stimulation of particular reflective spots. Research question was to find if the foot reflexology can have an effect on reduction of swelling of lower extremity and whether can be seen any changes after its use. After five weeks of facilitation of particular reflective spots could be seen reduction of swelling in all cases. There was seen a remission of edema of the lower extremities for all patiens at least in one centimeter. The changes were exhibited particulary in the circuit of fetlock and heel. The response of this therapy was also increasing of volume and change of consistency of urine, patients sweated more, too. During a personal interivew all patients agreed on improving the overall well-being and on feeling of ´lighter legs´. It is important to say that the foot reflexology is only a complementary method, which can facilitate a treatment of some diseases. The research, showed in this work, affirmed its influence on treating of edema of the lower extremities. This work can be used by physiotherapists in clinical practice for mapping in problematics of swelling of lower extremities and for introducing method of foot reflexology as a complementary method in its treatment. Swelling of lower extremities can cause changed proprioception, reduction of mobility, deterioration of blood flow segment and reflective muscle attenuation. The knowledge of methods of treatment of this state is also important for physiotherapists in practice.
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Physiotherapy of patients with Morbus Scheuermann diagnosis
JÁNSKÝ, Jiří
This work focuses on morbus Scheuermann, its essence and possibilities in therapy of patients. The aim of this thesis is to make the reader familiar with a disease, which has an unknown origin, and to verify the positive benefits of physical activity for the patient's condition. The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the Scheuermann's disease. I am trying to approach the nature of the disease, its etiology, the possibilities in diagnosing of the disease and the treatment options. Also there is a chapter devoted to the possibilities of today's physiotherapy, which is an inherent part of the treatment of any disease. The theoretical part is processed like research from the sources listed in the work. In the practical part, I focused on the possibilities of exercise therapy for patients with this disease. I created a consistent exercise plan, according to which the chosen clients exercised. The plan is focused on improving spinal mobility, stretching of shortened muscle groups, strengthening of weak muscles and overall correction of lateral imbalances of the patient's bodies. Before the beginning of the exercise, I examined clients. After that, the patients began to follow my proposed short-term and long-term plan. After three months, I examined these patients, using the same methods as I used before the exercise. Then I compared the results to see the effect of physical activity on the course of the disease and its consequences. The work also offers a long-term plan in which advising the patient and suggesting possible ways how to improve his/hers working conditions, adjust his faulty movement patterns and also which sport activities are suitable for him/her. All three patients reported improvement in all aspects, on which I focused in the short-term plan. Be it a lateral asymmetry, or the strengthening of the muscle corset. The results imply that physical activity is suitable as a correction method of already existing lateral imbalances and kyphotic posture. There is also the possibility of using exercise as rehabilitation after the disease. The fact, that physical therapy is an important supplement to the conservative therapy, especially to the bracing therapy, is undisputed nowadays. The main result of this thesis is that the right physical activities are beneficial for the therapy of the spine deforming disease, as well as for the risk reduction of segment mobility impairment occurrence.
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Physiotherapeutic possibilities in preschoolers with faulty posture
HRDINA, Jakub
The thesis deals with problem of faulty posture at preschool children and influence of this process through the physiotherapy. The theoretical part describes faulty posture including trends in the incidence, the position of individual human body segments, deep stabilization system and ontogenetic development from birth until the end of preschool period. Part of theoretical part also includes a list of appropriate physiotherapy techniques. Faulty posture is caused by muscular imbalance in the form of weakening of the muscles on one side and increased muscle tension on the other side. There are not anatomical abnormalities at faulty posture in contrast to structural failures so it is possible to correct this postural defect. Examination of postural functions in the preschool period is complicated because some developmental abnormalities are physiological in childhood. Therefore, it is difficult to determine which abnormality is appropriate to correct. Preschool period starts at the age of three and ends at the age of six or seven. An imitation of close persons is typical in this period. A lot of children stay in kindergartens which can be source of various risks. In case of insufficient development of movement skills and coordination of movement, one-sided stress or lack of spontaneous physical aktivity these risks may be reflected in the form of faulty posture. Qualitative research methods have been selected for the practical part. Data was obtained through two case studies that include medical history, along with kinesiology analysis. The research group consisted of preschool children diagnosed with faulty posture. The probands were selected from the Dětské rehabilitační centrum Lentilka in Pardubice. Based on the results of the examination, there were prepared individual exercises which were used at home. It was also used of sensomotoric stimulation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and exercise TherapiMaster. Appropriate motivation is an important aspect of physiotherapy at children. Because the game in preschool period has justified significance during physiotherapy as well, most of actions were adapted.
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The influence of physioterapy in adult pacients with flatfoot and chronic vertebrogenic algic syndrome in cervical region
KUŽELOVÁ, Blanka
This thesis deals with problem of flat foot in adults with the occurrence of chronic pain responses vertebrogenic syndrome in the cervical spine. In the system of motion the foot is the most important part that primarily allows locomotion and provides support for upright posture. Due to the large number of proprioception we get information about the ground in which we are moving in. The foot is through muscular chain segments connected with higher incidence of musculoskeletal and its dysfunction can lead to chain malfunctions and subsequent formation of pain around the knee and hip joints as well as the entire spine, including the cervical section. Flat foot in the adult population is a frequent static deformity developed on the foot originally normal and can arise at any age. Most often it happens after a long-term abuse, such as prolonged standing, heavy lifting, and prevalence of overweight but in the first place it is caused by wearing inappropriate footwear. Above all, women are subject of fashion trends and wear tight pointy shoes, especially on high heels, which is the main cause of flat feet. It is most often accompanied with deformities such as bunions or hammer toes. As a result of flat feet it is reduced its flexibility, joints and spine are no longer protected against bumps. Lower limbs and the whole spine are under an abnormal loading. Vertebrogenic algic syndrome is due to sedentary lifestyle and are one of the most common cause of disability. There are signs of faulty posture and muscle imbalance in the cervical spine. The work includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with problem of decrease foot arch, its connection to the cervical spine, therapy and prevention. There are also described muscle imbalances of the cervical spine, the anticipating and treatment options. In the practical part there was used a qualitative research method that involved four students with significant reductions in the instep and a pain in the cervical spine. The techniques of observation and subsequent processing of case studies were used, and that was accompanied with a questionnaire about the effectiveness of the treatment according to subjective feelings of patients. The meetings with patients were conducted every week for eight weeks of therapy. Each session lasted approximately 45 minutes during which the hypertonic muscles along with trigger points were unblocked and the foot was stimulated. Further exercises from the previous treatment were controlled and subsequently were given the new ones. The patients performed exercises 1-2 times daily for about 20 minutes. The aim of this work is to outline the relations between the dysfunction in the form of flat feet and cervical spine, and further to design and implement short-term rehabilitation plan, which cause a mitigating the effects of flat feet for specific patients. For each patient the exercise unit was compiled according to his needs individually, and new exercises were added every week. If the patient did not accomplish some of the exercises, these were included into the next treatment. And the final goal was to design a set of exercises that will serve as a precaution against the functional changes of the spine due to flat foot. The research shows an overall improvement of posture by all patients. There was a significant reduction of pain in the cervical spine and strengthen in the plantar arch. The therapy was also focused on the treatment of bad breath stereotype, which was manifested by upper respiratory type, and its consequence occurred the overloading of the cervical section. A great importance was also given onto strengthening lower shoulder blade fixators, which were by all patients really weakened. This work can serve not only for students and their study purposes. It can be an inspiration for physical therapists in clinical practice for the treatment and, finally, it can serve as a source of information for the general public.
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Physiotherapy procedures affecting flat foot and their another effect on posture in preschool children
BOČANOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the relationship between the flat foot and overall posture in preschool children. The foot is an important organ for the proper functioning of the entire musculoskeletal system. It mainly provides the standing and the human locomotion. Thanks to receptors ,stored in structures legs CNS (central nervous system) , it obtains information about the surrounding environment. If its function is impaired, occurs due to long muscle chains affecting other body segments. One of the most frequent deformity is flat foot, which is characterized by a reduction or disappearance of the longitudinal arch of the foot. The arches of the foot are essential for the proper function of the foot. It creates three footholds, into their centre of gravity falls man. The aim of this work is to use the stimulation of the soles and use exercises through which will improve the position of the foot arch in preschool children. The exercise unit was chosen individually for each patient. It contained mostly exercises with the element of games that children were able to hold their attention during therapy. The exercises I chose are not only on the soles, but also on the dynamic exercises, involving the participation of the entire musculoskeletal system. Another aim is to map the impact of flat feet in overall posture. The area of the leg is very important for the entire musculoskeletal system its links with higher tiers through the muscular chain. In the theoretical part of this work is presented information about the issue. The first part contains a discussion of foot anatomy and her kinesiology . There are also expressed basic functions of the legs. A significant section of the theoretical site composes arches of the foot and its dysfunction.The most common deformity which is defined here is a deformity of the foot arch, flat foot. The last topic of theoretical part deals with the relationship between flat feet and posture. The practical part was prepared by qualitative research in the form of case studies. The research group consisted of three patients - two boys aged 4 and 5 years, one girl aged 6 years. Therapy took place for 12 weeks where children practiced daily under supervised instructed parents. During the first and the last therapy I carried the input and output assessment, which includes an objective evaluation of the slab using fingerprints. The therapy I had set individually according to the needs of each patient. The results of this work can be assessed that the therapy of the flat foot we can affect the entire musculoskeletal system. In all patients after three months are visible changes not only in the slab, but also in the torso area. For this reason, the area of the feet should not be overlooked.
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Analysis of Parkinson's disease using segmental speech parameters
Mračko, Peter ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
This project describes design of the system for diagnosis Parkinson’s disease based on speech. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. One of the symptoms of this disease is disability of motor aspects of speech, called hypokinetic dysarthria. Design of the system in this work is based on the best known segmental features such as coefficients LPC, PLP, MFCC, LPCC but also less known such as CMS, ACW and MSC. From speech records of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease and also healthy controls are calculated these coefficients, further is performed a selection process and subsequent classification. The best result, which was obtained in this project reached classification accuracy 77,19%, sensitivity 74,69% and specificity 78,95%.
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Segmentation of airways in CT data
Votoupal, Pavel ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Walek, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the segmentation of lung parenchyma and extraction of airways tree from three dimensional CT scans. The external mask of the lungs is created and subsequently used to ease the process of airway segmentation. In this work, some published methods for airways segmentation are described with focus on one, which is described more in detail and also implemented in MATLAB. The proposed approach is based on morphological grayscale reconstruction. Method is tested on the real patient CT scans and finally, the results are discussed.
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Analysis of hand-written text of patients with neurological disorders
Galáž, Zoltán ; Smékal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
The master‘s thesis deals with the analysis of the hand-written text. There is a design and a realization of a system for the purpose of diagnosing a Parkinson’s desease based on the analysis of hand-written text. The system consists from several modules and it is programmed in the programming environment of MATLAB. The first module provides pre-processing of the records to adjust records to the form suitable for the segmentation. Afterwards, the records are divided into those with signals onto the surface of the tablet and those with the signals above the surface of the tablet. In the next module the records are segmented by the two-phase metod of automatic segmentation.High-level featuresare calculated from the extracted features. The results of the statistical analysis are exported in the form suitable for the classification process. The classification is performed by the proposed model made in the programming environment of RapidMiner. The output of designed system is the trained model capable of automatic classification of the Parkinson’s disease by the analysis of the hand-written text.
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