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DIET EFFECT ON TOOTH DECAY WITH INDEX KPE EVALUATION IN BLANSKO
VAŠÍČKOVÁ, Pavlína
Regular development of our teeth is the result of reciprocal induction processes with continual development stages. The non-interrupted development of the organism is the basic precondition of healthy dental tissues. It is, therefore, necessary to be aware of the fact that everybody takes on full responsibility for their own health. If we want to have clean and healthy teeth without tooth ache, oulitis and other problems we must take proper dental care. Tooth decay is the most widespread disease affecting the humankind from of old and proper dental care is, therefore, very important. Deteriorating dental tissues result in tooth decay and have various speed and intensity. Tooth decay affects tooth enamel, get to dental pulp and consequently may cause neuritis the result of which is prolonged pain. In the worst case, abscess may appear. The consequences may become the source of protracted disorders of permanent teeth development. Stomatologists can introduce to us the basics of proper dental care. The first visit at the dentist is recommended before a problem appears. If some problems occur it is necessary to visit the dentist sooner, then the regular preventive exams follow. At least twice a year, we should undergo preventive checkups. Regular monitoring of dental health is important especially for the early identification of undesirable changes in our teeth and gums. Relationship between the dentist and child is also very important. Factors that are important for the prevention of teeth damage are motivation, suitable diet, physical condition, physical education, regular mouth hygiene performed with the use of chemical and mechanical applications. Using of fluoride, changes in life style, suitable eating habits and hygiene habits are also important. If a person develops bad eating habits at a young age the risk tooth decay is becoming more probable. Unhealthy nutrition causes metabolism disorders that result in the increased occurrence of tooth decay and mucosa disease in oral cavity. The nutrition composition is important also for the mineralization and development of hard adenoblasts. Not balanced nutrition leads to the poor development of man and, therefore, to the easier occurrence of the tooth decay. Most serious problems are caused by sugars as bacteria use it as a source, and acids as the subsequent products diminish tooth enamel, dentine or dental pulp. Alcohol, drugs and smoking are counted among other risk factors with negative influence on dentition. Eating disorders are the opposite of healthy and correct eating habits. They are often encountered in diseases connected mainly with lack of appetite. The excessive intake of food occurs especially in obese children. Strengthening of dental tissues resistance, supporting the mineralization process and protection against the bacteria creation is supported by fluorine. For the healthy development of tissues the intake of calcium, phosphor, proteins, minerals and vitamins is important. A very important part of the rational nutrition represent milk and cheese. Pregnant women and nursing mothers especially should follow an appropriate diet. Apart from others consequences, the nutrition structure influences the composition and amount of saliva. Chewing of gum that increases the production of saliva serves also to the teeth cleaning and balances the mouth pH. Chewing can even be better than tooth brushing with toothpaste. Teeth are the symbol of energy and vital force. Poor teeth show lack of immunity and represent the sign of lowering vitality.
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Evaluation of ontogenetic development of the mandible using geometric morphometric methods
Kiebelová, Alena ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
During ontogeny there are a lot of changes in the entire human skeleton. This thesis deals with shape changes in the mandible, which are caused by genetic, hormonal, as well as mechanical factors. The most important mechanical factors influencing the shape of mandible are development of deciduous and permanent dentition and also development of masticatory muscles. 34 children mandibles of known age and 14 adult mandibles were analysed and compared for this thesis. Data were obtained by scanning coordinates of 36 landmarks using Microscribe G2X, and then were processed by software PAST and Morphologika2 using multivariate statistics (PCA, MANOVA). Geometric morphometrics is used for a detailed analysis of shape changes of the mandible. There is no difference between dental and chronological age. In conclusion, lower jaw narrows during growth, the body extends more in the region of third molars and the ramus grows mainly in the region of condylar process. Chin prominence also occurs during ontogeny. In the group of adult mandibles the variability is caused by coronoid process height and the body width. The hypothesis, that age groups are significantly different from each other, and therefore due to tooth mineralization there are marked shape changes, is confirmed.
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The influence of dental condition on overall health of seniors and the role of Health Education in this age group.
VALKOVÁ, Michaela
Bacherol Thesis is focused primaliry on fading of senior in dental hygiene and influence of dental condition on overall health in the age group. Unfortunately today isn´t the issue of seniors oral health and oral cavity insufficient attention. Insufficient oral care and bad informatik of seniors can lead to premature los sof natural teeth. Therefore awarenes is basic in preventing dental hygiene, as et seniors, so for other age groups. Theoretical part of Bacherol Thesis, ainclude information about the anatomy of teeth, diseases of the supporting apparatus and prosthetic dentistry and also causes and prevention in this field. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the the type of dental equipment suitable for seniors brushing technique and dental prostheses, that made perfect oral hygiene seniors did not proceed. The practical part of the thesis includes the development and realization of an educational program for seniors concerning dental hygiene and prevention. In the research part of the thesis find the awareness seniors in dental hygiene with the help of the questionnaire survey and subsequent evaluation of the graphical part.
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ICT Selection
Kreisler, Jan ; Hostinský, Michal (referee) ; Koch, Miloš (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with the selection and implementation of information systems for the company MedConcept Ltd., which sells medical technology and production, development and sale of dental implants.
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The effect of the dentition state on human´s overall health in the middle adulthood and the role of the health education in this area
TOGNER, Aleš
The objective of this thesis is to find out the importance and influence of dental condition on health in general, considering the physical and psychological health of the people in the middle adulthood and the role of education in this area. In the theoretical part, is described the structure of a tooth, temporary and permanent teeth, including the illnesses. Description of nature of the microbial plaque in the direct connection with the demage of hard dental tissue and periodontium. Here is also described the connection between dental condition and the general physical health. In the end of the theoretical part is elaborated the prevention, including the description of the dental care, using the available aids for dental care, fluoridation and nutrition. Because of the bad influence of the dental condition on physical health, is the practical part focused on mapping the knowledge level of people in their middle maturity, and the financial support for the dental care aids. There are written the results of my research, while applying the questionnaires to monitor the using and availability of dental aids, considering the prevention of the damage of teeth tissue and regular examination by dental specialist. Also was mapped the knowledge of the people in the middle adulthood considering the influence of the dental condition on health in general. The results are presented in charts and tables. In the end of the practical part are result from the research of the financial subsidies on dental aids by health insurance in the Czech republic and developing of the education program and educational flyer for the given age group.
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Early craniofacial and dental morphogenesis in bichir, P. senegalus
Kráľovič, Martin ; Černý, Robert (advisor)
Polypterid fishes are considered the basal-most group of extant actinopterygians and thus may serve as a direct link for understanding the evolution of the first bony fishes. Their embryonic and larval material, however, is extremely scarce what makes it difficult to study their developmental patterns and processes. This work of mine is based on several successful breedings of the bichir Polypterus senegalus that allowed me to analyse development of some 70 specimens at key developmental stages. I have focused my attention to the early morphogenesis of teeth and dentition on several locations within a developmental context of oropharyngeal cavity. Oropharyngeal cavity develops quite differently when compared to other vertebrate species: it arises by means of a schizocoelic- like split of epithelial layers and, moreover, the earliest mouth cavity seems to be strongly constrained by the presence of cement (attachment) glands. Mouth opening proceeds by development of new, enigmatic structures that I have entitled the epithelial bridges (Kralovic et al., 2009) and that might represent the ectoderm-endoderm border often judged to be essential for tooth initiation and patterning. I have described a pronounced delay in initiation of pharyngeal teeth when compared to the oral teeth, probably as a direct...
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The Difference between Planed and Real Measured Dose under the Bolus Made of New Material
KUKAČKOVÁ, Lucie
The first chapter of the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis outlines radiotherapy in general. Radiotherapy is a clinical treatment using ionising radiation to treat malignant and benign diseases. It is one of the youngest medical disciplines. The development of radiotherapy began in November 1895, when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays. Radiotherapy became an independent medical specialty in 1922. The second chapter describes planning in radiotherapy. Irradiation plans for radiotherapy are created on the basis of a planning system. ECLIPSE planning system is used in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Phantoms are the theme of the third chapter. Phantoms are materials whose radiation absorption corresponds to human tissue. Water is a basic universal phantom material. In addition to water, also other materials are used, such as polystyrene, plexiglass, paraffin, PMMA etc. The last, fourth chapter of the theoretical part, deals with boluses. Boluses are tissue-equivalent materials that are put on the patient's skin during irradiation when it is needed to increase the surface dose and at the same decrease the depth dose. Moreover, bolus is used to compensate the missing tissue. Bolus is most often used to diagnose patients after mastectomy due to breast cancer. The most important characteristic of boluses is their ability to absorb radiation. In the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital, bolus from dental wax Ceradent had been used before. A bolus made from this material was hard and uneasy to shape. That is why it did not fit tightly to the chest wall of the patient. For this reason a new line of boluses was obtained for the oncology department, from gel material supplied by CIVCO company with dimensions 30 x 30 cm and thickness 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm and 1 cm, in "skin" and "skinless" version. These new boluses stick easily to the patient's skin and copy the shape of the body. The first objective of my bachelor's thesis was to compare the doses planned and measured under the bolus from the new material. This objective is elaborated in the practical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter presenting the results. Another objective was to elaborate the principles for the use of bolus. These principles are described in the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter describing the use of bolus in radiotherapy. The following hypothesis was suggested in the thesis: "It can be assumed that the generated bolus in the planning system corresponds to the scanned bolus on the CT with patient and that there is a difference between the planned dose and measured one." To confirm or refute the working hypothesis, measuring was executed in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Data about individual doses were collected boluses generated in the Eclipse planning system of different width (0.3 cm, 0.5 cm, 1 cm) on phantoms. Three types of phantoms from PMMA were used for the purposes of this measuring. First, the measuring was executed on phantom in the shape of the chest wall of a patient after breast ablation. Then, the tabular phantom and universal IMRT verification phantoms were used. The measurement was executed on the Clinac 2100 C/D linear accelerator, later on the new TrueBeam 2.5. linear accelerator. All these doses were measured by ionisation chamber from PTW company with volume of 0.125cm3. The obtained data were processed in tables and deviations of individual doses were calculated. Based on this measurement it was found out that the deviations of all doses are less than 3%. And therefore also the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed. There really is a difference between individual doses, but not so significant to affect the size of dose during the planning. As for the practical outcome, generated boluses will be used as standard in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital.
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Positioning effect on child development in infancy.
Mádlová, Markéta ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Paulová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis is focused on positioning the child in the early stages of his life. Greater importance is attached to positioning since 1992 when the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published recommendations for a healthy baby sleep position. In connection with the recommended supine sleep position has been a decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which was the primary reason for the worldwide campaign (Back to Sleep Campaign). Prone or supine position may affect early motor development or be a cause of deformities of the skull. Higher exposure supine position may cause variations in the physiological development of the skull and results in a positional plagiocephaly (PP) or dental arch deformities.
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Stress - strain analysis of jaw with tooth implant
Hamerníková, Martina ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This diploma thesis is oriented on a stress – strain analysis of the jaw bone with a screw dental implant. There is a literature search on this theme in the beginning of this work. Solutions deformation and stress the system lower jaw and implant was performed computational modeling, by using the finite element method. Modeling is part of the lower jaw with dental implants applied screw type Ankylos, Bränemark and implant with metric thread. The thesis is described in detail development of calculation model system and solutions. To create a geometry model of geometry Solidworks 2007 was used. To create calculation model and the solution was implamented in the computer systém ANSYS 11.0 and ANSYS Workbench.
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Forensic radiology
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
The topic of my thesis is forensic radiology. This field represents a very valuable and often irreplaceable tool for forensic medicine. Thanks to this development, especially in recent years, other imaging methods computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are receiving attention beside sciagraphy. Although this development has helped popularize this field, it often receives only brief mentions in the literature. The intent of my work is to show that forensic radiology is a rather interesting and rewarding chapter of radiology, which is definitely worth the attention.The theoretical part contains a brief summary of my analysis of scientific literature and articles on this topic. Its first chapter gives an introduction to the field of forensic medicine with a focus on methods used in the Czech Republic. Additional chapters represent the history of forensic radiology, a concise summary of the basic principles of different imaging modalities and subsequent description of their use within forensic medicine. As some of the indications are not entirely conventional in clinical practice (e.g. gunshot and shrapnel wounds), there is also a brief description of these injuries and the mechanism of their occurrence. A separate chapter is devoted to dental identification, which is a very important method, because it makes use of most of the mentioned imaging methods. The last chapter is devoted to the status of forensic radiology in the world and a summary of the various organizations founded to support this field. The practical part is divided into two sections. The first section presents the results of our survey, aiming to map the use of imaging in forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was anonymous and contained a total of eleven questions. Communication took place via e-mail. Each of the 14 imaging facilities in the Czech Republic received a copy of the questionnaire, with a response rate of 65%.This research therefore covers the 9 facilities that did respond. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed and presented using tables and graphs.The second section analyzed data obtained at the Military Institute of Forensic Medicine, Central Military Hospital Military University Hospital Prague (VÚSL). The aim of this section is to demonstrate the practical use of imaging techniques in one of the facilities using forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The data used are from 2014. The results are also analyzed and presented through tables and graphs.The results of the survey constitute valuable data about the use of imaging methods, about the personnel and technical equipment of the facilities, the use of available methods for the specific indications as well as plans for future development of imaging techniques at these facilities.Results of data collection at VÚSL focused on the number of radiological examinations in 2014, subdivided by the type of imaging method used and the extent and indication of the examination.The work posed the research question: Is sciagraphic examination the only imaging method used in the Czech Republic in forensic medicine?Based on the results, we can state that even though sciagraphy is still the leading imaging method, it is not the only one used at more than half the surveyed facilities. A third of the facilities surveyed is also considering the use of other imaging methods in the future.
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