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Physiotherapy after total hip joint replacement
ŠUHÁJKOVÁ, Pavla
Pain in a hip joint can dramatically affect the chance of having active life. The recent years have seen a significant progress in the results achieved while implanting artificial hip joints. This type of operation is simultaneously becoming increasingly more often especially when we take into consideration the increasing age of population. Implanting total hip joint replacement results in improving the quality of life, which can only be achieved through interdisciplinary collaboration of doctors, complex rehabilitation treatment, and positive approach of the subject alone. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis was to process case reports of patients after total hip joint replacements and to put together rehabilitation plans for these subjects. With the established objective in mind, the author summarizes outcomes dealing with the issues relating to total hip joint replacement, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and spa treatment following such operation. The research part of the bachelor?s thesis was accomplished by qualitative research. Data were collected by observing, interviewing and analysing documents. The data were gathered by individual in-depth interview and using case reports, which included author?s own observations, a draft of rehabilitation plan and implementation of the therapy, and subsequent outcomes from the assessment of therapy. The research corpus comprised of two patients who underwent a planned total hip joint replacement because they had been suffering from advanced primary coxarthrosis. The research was carried out at an in-patient orthopaedic department of the Hospital Pelhřimov in March 2011, when the subjects were being hospitalised. Quality and appropriately managed rehabilitation allows quicker improvement in the patient?s health following the operation. It is used as a prevention of complications, it improves engagement of functional potential in the operated joint and it consolidates appropriate motion stereotypes. The outcomes of the research confirm that such pre-operational and post-operational rehabilitation carried out during the stay in hospital leads to a decrease or complete removal of pain, an increase in joint?s mobility and muscular power, getting used to walking on flat surfaces and up and down staircases, and the level of independency in everyday activities.
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Central bank monitoring - March 2013
Česká národní banka
Latest monetary policy developments at selected central banks and news. Spotlight: „Monetary policy in Japan“. Selected speech: „Guidance“ by Mark Carney (the Governor of the Bank of Canada, who will be replacing Mervyn King as head of the Bank of England).
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF
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The Observance of Dietary Precautions in Clients with Type 1. Diabetes Mellitus
KOVANDOVÁ, Klára
This work for bachelor´s degree is focussed to clients with Diabet mellit (1st type) and their abiding diet arrangements. Diabettes mellitus (1st type) is chronic autoimmune disease. It is caused by selective destruction of betta- cells of Langerhan´s islets, which cause to absolute absence of insulin in human organism. It was introduced that diabettes mellitus (1st type) is disease mainly of children or young adults in the past. But according to new results it is the same frequent disease with people, who are about 40 years oldand even with people, who are about 70 years old (it is mostly less drastic than with young people). The base of cure is therapeutic nutrition, which is always bonded with use of insulin. Diotherapy is one of the most important part of case of daibet (1st type). During last time axions of diotherapy are very changed. The accent is still emphasize to quality of selected food, correct amount of food, diet periodicity and diet frequencies. Every diabetic should have his own, individual diet plan, which includes scheduling of replaceable units for all day. Thanks to diet plan the diabet can know, how many replaceable units are in all food, which will be eaten during the day. Adequate gain of drink is very important for diabetics too. Abidance of drinks will not cure the patient, but it will help him with improvement of bodily weight. If patients want to have successful care, he must be very accountable. Diabetic needs patient and educated courier, if he wants successful care. For example- there is a diabetes nurse in foreign countries. Regime of czech public health doesn´t have it. The aim of this work is detecting og abiding of diet action with diabetics, who have mellit (1st type) and they go to the diabet consulting rooms. The aim of the work is answering for questions: What is form of information about dietary action of diabetics (1st type) for patients? What was the role of nurse during client´s education about dietary action? What is form of abidance about client´s dietary action? Explorational part of the work was machined like a qualitative research and its beasic technic was used unstandardized interview. The interview was accorded by six respondents- diabetics ( who have mellit, 1st type). Information from interviews were machined to individual casuistries. The same of the work was accomplished and explorational questions were answered. Thanks to this research we could see, the life with diabetic can be identically long, happy and full of experiences like life without him. Diabetes is disease for all life. It achieves to change life of healthy person- absolutely. And because of it, it is important diabetics reconcile with it and be happy, even with this disease. The prevention is also very important. These patients need a lot of motivation, energy and they need someone, who give them a lot of theoretic findings. The special team for diabetics exists because of it. Sometimes, there is only nurse with patient during the cure. Sometimes there is a doctor. But when they (nurse, doctor, patient) are together, it is the most important part of the cure. Results from explorational research are beneficial for diabetes nurses, who work in diabetes clinic. There was made an information brochure thenks to these results. This brochure can be used by nurses, but by diabetics too. This brochure can be useful to acquiring of information for students who study sanitary industry at university.
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Clients foreknowledge problems of postoperative and subsequent care after replacement of the cardiac valve
PRŮŠOVÁ, Vendula
Problems of clients` knowledgeability of postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. Heart valve defects are unpredictable diseases that can exist without any symptoms for a long time. Heart valve operations comprise the most frequent group second to by-pass operations and nearly a half of all heart-surgical interventions with adult clients. The aim of the thesis was to find out about clients` knowledgeability of postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute, and what kind of information is needed to achieve by the clients from nurses; what educational materials are used to inform the clients with heart valve substitute and also to find out who are the clients with heart valve substitute informed by. Two hypotheses were predefined: 1 {--} Clients are satisfied with the provided information about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute; 2 {--} Clients are informed about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. Three research inquiries were formed: 1 {--} Which is the most frequent information needed by clients with heart valve substitute from nurses? 2 {--} What kind of education is used for clients with heart valve substitute? 3 {--} Who are the clients with heart valve substitute informed by? Collecting data was performed using the combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative ones were performed as questioning using the technique of a questionnaire, while the qualitative methods used the technique of a semi-standard dialogue. The research sample were the clients with heart valve substitute hospitalised in the cardiosurgical departments of the teaching hospitals in Motol, in Plzeň, in the Hospital České Budějovice, a joint-stock company, and nurses working in those departments. 80 questionnaires for clients were distributed, 74 of them were filled in and returned. Ten nurses were addressed. The above-mentioned four aims were fulfilled. Hypotheses H1 and H2 were confirmed. The nurses answered the research inquiries 1,2 and 3; the answers were analysed and the analyses were used for forming the hypotheses: 1. The most frequent information needed by clients with heart valve substitute from nurses are about moving activity, pain, physiotherapy, connection to instruments, possible complications, about housework, possible staying in spa, return to the occupation, principle of taking Warfarin, about regullary cardiology control. 2. The clients with heart valve substitute are educated by discussion and by the informational brochure. 3. The clients with heart valve substitute are educated by the doctor and the nurse. The results of this thesis will be submitted to the managements of the above mentioned hospitals as material to consider amending the informational brochure for the clients so that they would get the missing information about postoperative and follow-up care in the case of heart valve substitute. I suppose that education{\crq}s efficiency and forknowledge of the clients with heart valve substitute could be improved in this way.
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Comparison of Movement Activity and Sport between Patients after Resurfacing and Total Hip Replacement Surgery
Heidenreichová, Ivana ; Nováková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Levitová, Andrea (referee)
6 Abstract Title: Comparison of Movement Activity and Sport between Patients after Resurfacing and Total Hip Replacement Surgery Objectives: To summarize the available information about after-surgery regime and self- sufficiency after total hip replacement. To accent the differences between resurfacing and total hip replacement. To obtain the information about sport behavior and movement activity of patients after resurfacing and total hip surgery using questionnaire survey. To find out if they are able to return back to sport sctivity and how much do the total hip replacement limits them, to find out how the pain influences their movement activity. To compare the movement activity of patients after resurfacing with patients after total hip surgery. Methods: Thesis is worked out using quality assessment of information obtained by empiric way - using questionnaire survey. Results are processed using MS Excel into charts and graphs. Results: The objective of clear justification of advantages of hip resurfacing as a surgery method providing early return to movement activity has not been met. However the results cannot be simply generalized because of limited amount of respondents. Keywords: hip, total joint replacement, movement activity, sport
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Algorithm of imaging methods of injuries of the neck of the femur in the case of seniors
TOČÍKOVÁ, Miluše
The bachelor thesis deals with the incidence of femoral neck injury in the elderly. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. As the number of people of retirement age is growing, the rate of injuries associated with this age group has been increasing as well. It is necessary to accept the idea that age is a stage of human life, which every individual must eventually face. A femoral neck fracture is one of the causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The incidence of this injury has been increasing both in developed countries and in the Czech Republic. A femoral neck fracture represents a threat for mobility and independence of seniors. Some people are then permanently dependent on mobility aids, while others remain in institutional care. The most common cause of femoral neck fractures in the elderly is a fall on their side, which is caused by a complex interaction of external and internal factors. The first imaging method used during a medical examination is sciagraphy, which is one of the oldest methods. It allows physicians to assess the preoperative condition of the hip joint and postoperative check-ups during the treatment by alloplasty or perioperative condition with the use of osteosynthesis. It is beneficial for the above-mentioned group of people to carefully assess the bone metabolism. A healthy bone is constantly reconstructed, it continuously breaks down and a new bone replaces it. With age, the degradation of bone prevails over bone formation and the bone begins to "thin". This disease is called osteoporosis. It is a disease that pertains to the civilisation diseases. It is often only diagnosed at an advanced stage, when it is already increasingly susceptible to fracture incidence. The factors of osteoporosis include an unhealthy lifestyle, hormonal changes in women after menopause, when there is a decrease in the level of calcium, a major weight loss etc. A painless, non-invasive method, by means of which a doctor can obtain comprehensive information about the amount of bone mineral in the examined part of the bone, is a densitometry test, or DXA. This test uses x-rays at two energy levels. The DXA method can be measured as a whole-body mineral content as well as any other part of the body. Other causes, which increase the risk of a femoral neck racture, are bone metastases. The proximal portion of the femur, including the femur neck, metastatically affects especially primary lung cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid, breasts in women and prostate in men. At an early stage, bone metastases are asymptomatic. Clinical symptoms such as pain can occur, when the metastatic process penetrates the periosteum and surroundings of the bone, thereby irritating the neural structures. Another symptom is the emergence of pathological fractures. Bone metastases are helping us uncover laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging methods, which include, for example, scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy can detect a metastatic process much earlier than X-ray examination. The aim of the work was to describe the principles of individual imaging methods, which help doctors to determine the correct diagnosis, to learn more about the femoral neck injury in the elderly and about causes of their ocurence. Moreover, the two hypotheses were established: 1. The most frequently used method in case of a femoral neck injury is skiagraphic examination. 2. That is why more than a half of femoral neck injuries are diagnosed in the elderly. The practical part was elaborated on the basis of a quantitative research. The data needed for the research were obtained from case studies of patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department of the Hospital Tábor a.s., in the period from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015.
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Usage of NIC and NOC clasifications on patients with complete artificial hip joint.
KULHÁNKOVÁ, Barbora
Abstract The theoretical part of the thesis entitled The Use of NIC and NOC Classifications at Patients with the Total Hip Arthroplasty deals with the problem of the total hip replacement, educating patients before surgery and the regime which must be observed by the patient during the hospitalization and when being discharged from the hospital to home nursing. Further, the nurse has been described as a provider of rehabilitation nursing cooperating with the physiotherapist. The thesis is concerned with the nursing process, it preoccupies with the terminology in the health care, the issue of NANDA, NIC and NOC classifications and the Alliance 3N. Three goals of the thesis were defined: 1. to find out what types of NIC activities are typically used by nurses within the care of patients with total hip replacement. 2. to verify the application of NIC an NOC classifications in the care of patients with total hip replacement. 3. to investigate what sorts of the NOC indicators are typically used by the nurses in the care of patients with total hip replacement. The combination of the quantitative and qualitative research is applied. The four hypotheses were determined in the frame of the quantitative survey: 1. Nursing diagnoses are assessed as not being beneficial by the nurses. 2. Ensuring of tools facilitating the movement is a commonly preferred kind of an intervention by the nurses. 3. The knowledge of NIC and NOC terms is influenced by the previous education. 4. The satisfaction of the nurses with the nursing documentation is influenced by the length of practice. Data was collected by means of the questionnaires. One research query was established for the qualitative research: 1. What is the standpoint of the nurses on the NIC and NOC classifications in the care of the patient with total hip replacement? Data was collected by means of the formed nursing documentation based on the NIC and NOC classifications. The semi-structured interviews were used, as well. H1 remained unconfirmed. H2, H3 and H4 were not statistically validated. The NIC and NOC classifications are generally classified as not being beneficial for the nursing practice by the nurses.
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Physiotherapy after arthroplasty procedures for rheumatic patients
Suchá, Petra ; Jalovcová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Title Physiotherapy after arthroplasty procedures for rheumatic patients. Defining the problem The main problem this thesis solves is to find and compare findings on the practice of physiotherapy in rheumatic patients, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have undergone surgery, joint replacement of lower limb arthroplasty, with a focus on the ankle joint. It will be a comparison of the approaches used in the workplace catchment for the Czech Republic, Institute of Rheumatology (RU) in Prague and the world. Aim The aim is to create a comprehensive overview and comparison of physiotherapy procedures used in rheumatic patients who underwent joint replacement legs, zjm. ankle joint, in the CR is in the hands, and in the world and see whether these practices vary significantly, or are identical. The method of solution The work is prepared by comparing the findings relating to the care of patients with available literature. The findings are grouped and arranged tables are created with recording procedures. The work is written in the form of research. Key worlds revmatoidní artritida totální náhrada hlezenního kloubu (TEP) hlezenní kloub fyzioterapie
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