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EFECT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY FROM THE VIEW OF A NURSE
KROCZKOVÁ, Iveta
Abstract Psychotherapeutic thinking dates back to the very beginning of our culture which is documented in old literary records as well as in ancient works of art. This is because psychotherapy stabilizes an emotionally disturbed and instable person. My work describes the effects of psychotherapy on patients after a six-week therapeutic group with regard to the competences of a general nurse. In my work I try to find in what way, if at all, a nurse can influence psychosomatic troubles of patients participating in a therapeutic group. The research set consisted of 10 clients {--} 5 of whom were women at the ages of 42, 35, 46, 55, 40 and 5 were men at the ages of 41, 35, 59, 34, 30. The choice of clients focused on two closed groups. The interviews took place in two stages {--} at the beginning and after the termination of the group. My concern was to monitor whether the clients take part in the group for the first time, what are their expectations, in what way they manage their panic attacks or anxieties and whether a nurse can in any way influence them. The method used for the qualitative research was a semistructured interview for which basic scopes of questions were created. Some information was taken from medical documentation. The results were processed into 10 case reports. The interviews were made with regard to the research questions. Clients entering a psychotherapeutic group expect to find a solution to their problems in a short span of time regardless of their diagnosis - this research question proved at 7 out of 10 clients. The question is to what extent they manage to solve their problems at home. Clients entering a psychotherapeutic group prefer to solve their psychosomatic troubles by pharmacotherapy, at the end of the group therapy, however, they prefer psychological means to deal with their troubles {--} this research question proved at 5 out of 10 client. The anticipated benefit of my work in practical life is to improve the quality of the care of a nurse of clients during their participation in therapeutic groups, her edified approach to psychosomatic troubles of clients and professional skill at relaxation techniques.
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Methods for overweight reduction and bariatrics - courses in overweight reduction versus products for weight losing
FEDROVÁ, Vendula
This bachelor thesis on ``methods of weight reduction and bariatrics {--} weight reduction training in comparison with commercial fabrics for weight reduction{\crqq} deals with the problem of excess weight and obesity. The theoretical part is focused on problems of weight reduction methods. This is further divided into weight reduction in training and using commercial weight reduction fabrics. Weight reduction trainings are organized by many companies all over the Czech Republic. Training leading specialists arrange them as individual or collective according to customers needs. The actual content of the trainings is always dependent on lector leading the training. Commercial weight reduction fabrics can be divided into three groups: tee, pills and drinks. All these fabrics are declared to have weight reduction effects by their producer. The next part of the work is focused on obesity as it is and on bariatrics. Obesity therapy includes low energetic diet with food fat restriction, motion activity (with prevailing aerobic character), cognitive {--} behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy or surgical intervention in individual cases. The methodology part contains evaluation of a series of surveys. Their Data were collected by a standardized questionnaire for two groups of respondents. In the first group of respondents were clients of weight reduction trainings. The second group of respondents included women using commercial weight reduction fabrics. The main goal of bachelor thesis was to map the weight reduction problems in different approaches of trainings and commercial fabrics. The hypothesis ``Weight reduction trainings have better effect on weight reduction than commercial fabrics{\crqq} was established according to this goal. The hypothesis was confirmed by processing the questionnaires. According to the results of processed questionnaires, trainings have 1.8 times better effect.
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The role of radiology assistant at the possibilities of treatment of hypertension
KOŤAROVÁ, Hana
Despite progress in diagnose and treatment, high blood pressure remains a serious problem; it brings higher risk of coronary, cerebrovascular and renal complications.The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the conception of blood pressure is explained how it is measured and when we indicate it as elevated i.e. hypertension. Particular stages, classification and aetiology of hypertension are described. The thesis states circumstances which influence blood pressure (magnesium, natrium, calcium, obesity, alcohol, stress, sympathetic neural system, renal function, etc.). It describes several basal examinations for assessment of diagnosis of hypertension, regimen measures and pharmacological treatment. This part identifies organs at most significant risks (heart, central neural system, kidneys) and consequent diseases (vascular strokes, coronary heart disease, renal diseases). In the practical part, the results on basis of stated objectives are given. The thesis describes basic examinations leading to the confirmation of renovascular hypertension (ultrasound UZ, computed tomography CT, magnetic resonance MR, digital subtractive angiography DSA and methods of nuclear medicine). Stenosis of renal artery is the reason of 1-5% of all causes of hypertension but the causal link between narrowing of kidney artery and hypertension is not always proved. Stenosis can be solved by percutaneous angioplasty (PTA). This is described in the thesis: preparation of the patient, the performance itself, complications, costs. In the group of 36 patients after angioplasty of renal artery the demandingness, radiation onus and efficiency are evaluated. Although percutaneous angioplasty of renal artery is not technically difficult, decreasing of blood pressure will not occur at all patients. Not every stenosis participates at hypertension. The PTA was technically successful in all patients, radiation load did not overcome 100 Gycm?, blood pressure decreased at 31 cases and at 8 patients decreased also number of used medicines. Radiological assistant is present also at relatively new method of solution of resistant hypertension renal denervation. This catheter method at which sympathetic nerve fibres are ablated by radiofrequency is described in the thesis. Performance of renal denervation itself is not a demanding performance but it is a new and relatively expensive method not suitable for all patients with hypertension. Patients must be observed for longer time period. There were 42 denervations performed in the hospital of České Budějovice, all of them are included into examined group (No 2). All patients were without complications. There are assessed radiation dose during the performance (only in one case was higher than 100 Gycm?), amount of contrast agent and effect on blood pressure. Disposed local standard of percutaneous angioplasty will be loaded in the database in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod, and in the angiology hall of this hospital in written form. The answer on the investigative question "Is intervention on renal arteries in comparison with new trends of pharmacotherapy beneficial for a patient?" is "Yes". Each of discussed catheter methods bring decrease of high blood pressure often insolvable by medicine, though not in all patients. The thesis provides enough information on hypertension, percutaneous angioplasty and renal denervations for paramedical staff and the general public.
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Migraine and the Quality of Life of the Patients: Influences Perception
Kontrová, Veronika ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Havrdová, Zuzana (referee)
This diploma thesis describes how the women suffering from the migraine apprehend their life. One of the first places in the whole thesis is taken by a preventive behavior as a first step in the fight with the disease. For understanding the examined subject, it is cardinal to become acquainted of the terms like a quality of life, health and disease, strategy of preventing and managing the disease. In the theoretical part, there is the disease itself mentioned, including its definition, clinical picture, classification, examination methods, prophylaxis and treatment. A larger space was dedicated to the provocative factors and the effects of disease, where recognizing and knowing them is for migraine prevention especially important. In the research part of the diploma thesis, on the base of the analysis of in-depth interviews, the data telling about influences perception by the women in the context of migraine were interpreted. A part of the research was dedicated also to the analysis of expert advices dealing with migraine prevention dedicated to the lay public. The author's own experience with the disease and the results of the research helped for development of diploma thesis' proposal part. Here, it is important to notice that the author has been personally and professionally interested all above...
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Derivatives of pyrazine as potential antituberculars (preparation and study of biological properties)
Janďourek, Ondřej ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Farsa, Oldřich (referee) ; Musílek, Kamil (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis Candidate Mgr. Ondřej Janďourek Supervisor Prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Consultant PharmDr. Jan Zitko, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Derivatives of pyrazine as potential antituberculars (preparation and study of biological properties) This work is focused on pyrazine derivatives with the structural relationship to pyrazinamide (PZA) and with the potential antitubercular effect. In the introduction, there are summarized theoretical findings about tuberculosis (TBC), its epidemiology and primarily the development of resistance to current pharmacotherapy. Brief overview of known antituberculars, novel compounds and auspicious molecules in clinical trials is outlined. PZA, which is counted among the first line antitubercular agents, is widely described due to its cardinal role in this thesis. PZA possible mechanisms of action are described together with its pharmacological profile. Finally, brief summary of already prepared derivatives of PZA is stated. Practical part of this thesis is focused on synthesis of three starting compounds (5-chloro-6-methylpyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile; 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide; N-benzyl-3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide) that were...
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The personal motives of people to search for unconventional ways of treatment
LEFNEROVÁ, Ivana
In my bachelor thesis, I focused on searching for possible motives of people looking for the unconventional ways of the treatment. The aim of the study was to map these reasons, to find out why these people feel the need to amend the classical medicine or to completely divert away from it. The thesis has been divided into a theoretical and a research part. In the theoretical part, I deal with the scientific medicine, its history, successes, but also difficulties. Moreover, I describe some of the principles of the unconventional treatment methods and their reasons of existence, according to various authors. In the research part, the participating respondents are briefly characterized and their motives to search for unconventional treatment modalities are described. The selection of the research sample was carried out among the clients and therapists of alternative medicine using the ``snowballing{\crqq} method. To obtain the necessary data, the method of qualitative research, namely a semi-structured questionnaire method, was used. The obtained data were processed using the qualitative analysis. The outcome of the analysis of the responses is determination of the motives that people have to search for unconventional ways of treatment. Some of the reasons were identical among clients and therapists {--} ineffectiveness of the classical medicine, inconvenient pharmacotherapy, searching for the holistic approach, active attitude towards one{\crq}s health, searching for responsibility to oneself, unsatisfactory doctor-patient relationship, free choice of a method as well as a therapist. The results of the thesis might represent a resource for another, deeper investigation of this issue, e.g. in the field of disease prevention or when investigating the unconventional methods or the impact of belief on the treatment process, etc. Some of the motives resulting from the research might be inspiring for the whole medical system {--} improvement of the doctor-patient relationship, holistic approach towards the patients, reduction of pharmacotherapy.
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Quality of Life and Its Understanding by Mental Health Patients in the Paprsek nadeje Centre
BARTOŠÍKOVÁ, Radka
In this thesis I would like to acquaint the reader with the impact of mental illness on human. In my thesis I focus on the psychosocial impact of the illness in the form of the assistance to an ill person, the quality of interpersonal relationships and quality of social interactions linked to the stigma. The essence of research in the social field were the findings concerning the living conditions of the client, client's activities and leisure time activities or the manners of support in illness. An important task of the client was to respond to questions about the hardships in life. The paper also deals with the knowledge of the physical, mental and spiritual qualities. It focuses on the comparison and awareness of the role of illness and pharmacotherapy as a limiting factor in the perception of quality life. It refers to the material conditions of these people, emerging drug addiction and subjective values and a feeling of well lived life in general. An important element of my research is to detect clients? life goals and to record their life satisfaction using "scale of life satisfaction." My goal was to map the real quality of life of the clients of the centre Paprsek naděje and the key aspects of the experience of life and how the meeting of the individual needs of the client affects the quality of life from their own perspective. The results were then evaluated and compared with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the classification of mental illnesses, their prognosis and treatment. I emphasize the disorder schizophrenia as a contemporary phenomenon, and finally the quality of life and the various aspects that affect it - the status of the ill person in the family, society, work and isolation. The empirical part is devoted to the research itself. For research I used qualitative research methods and techniques of semi-structured interview supplemented by observations. The research group consists of 5 clients of the centre Paprsek naděje in the age range of 28-59 years. I carried out one pilot study before the research itself. The resulting data were processed and put in tables and graphs, evaluated and compared in the discussion and conclusion. Part of the research was realized using the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life, SEIQoL. Using this method, I examined individual life goals of each client, their importance and satisfaction with their achievements. Overall I responded to one main research question and two sub-questions. I consider the findings of abnormal invalidity and unemployment, high levels of stigmatizing experience, lack of active free time and physical activity, emerging drug addiction or lack of interpersonal relationships as the crucial results negatively affecting quality of life. Physical decrepitude is always a present component. The research also showed occasional unfamiliarity with diagnosis. Positives can mainly be seen in family support and in the quality of family relationships, also in sufficient material sources and in family and spiritual priorities. It is essential that compared with the Maslow's hierarchy, it was found that it has preserved its traditional arrangement in the process of meeting the needs. The content of individual needs was however varied in each of its individual parts. I have also learned that mental illness limits clients greatly for example in the context of culture and their interests and that there are also limitations to the parental instinct caused by fear of the large amount of responsibility and the impact of their illness to their children. An unexpected finding was the satisfaction of all clients with material sources. Similarly, the clients see their mental illness as a certain way of realizing satisfaction.
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Rheumatic fever and its pharmacotherapy
Davidová, Kristýna ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Kristýna Davidová Supervisor: Dr. Mladěnka Přemysl, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Rheumatic fever and its pharmacotherapy Rheumatic fever (RH) is a systemic inflammatory disease occurring as a result of untreated tonsillopharyngitis caused by β-haemolytic streptococcus of group A. It is an autoimmune response, which leads to the production of antibodies against bacterial antigens, which also recognize human targets which are similar to M protein in the wall of the β-hemolytic streptococci and thus damage human tissue as well. Disease affects many organs such as joints, central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue and skin, but leaves lasting effects only on the heart. Usually not all symptoms are present, carditis and chorea are more common in children, arthritis in adults. Chronic rheumatic heart disease as a consequence of rheumatic carditis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries, where its incidence is the highest. There is no specific treatment for RH. We use only symptomatic treatment or preventive tools. Regime measures, including bed rest are also important in the case of acute rheumatic fever (ARH). Symptomatically, we use salicylates for ARH...
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Headaches Problematics Especially Migraine Type
Šilerová, Marta ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Helcl, František (referee)
NÁZEV DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE: PROBLEMATIKA BOLESTÍ HLAVY, především migrenózního typu TITTLE (THEMA WORKS): HEADACHES PROBLEMATICS, especially migraine type SOUHRN: V předložené práci se zajímám o problematiku bolestí hlavy. Nejdříve je nastíněn ucelený pohled na bolesti hlavy a jejich dělení. Doménou této práce je však migrenózní typ bolestí hlavy. Především popis migrény jako onemocnění, její etiopatogenze, dělení migrén a léčba migrény. Většinou se jedná o léčbu medikamentózní, mým cílem je ale poukázat i na možnosti léčby z pohledu fyzioterapeuta. Migréna jako taková není pravděpodobně fyzioterapeuticky plně ovlivnitelná, ale vzhledem k její časté kombinaci s tenzním typem bolestí hlavy, ji lze alespoň zmírnit, nebo dokonce částečně potlačit. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: bolesti hlavy, migréna, cervikogenní bolesti hlavy, primární bolesti hlavy, sekundární bolesti hlavy. KEY WORDS: headaches, migrain headache, cervicogenic headaches, primary headaches, secondary headaches - 2- I .I
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