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Locomotor Models of Skating and Push-off Exercises in Ice Hockey Training
Minář, Leoš ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Dědek, Lukáš (referee)
Iee hockey skating locomotive models and jumping exercises models in ice hockey training. Objective: Description and confrontation of kinesiologycal contents of ice hockey skating locomotive models and imitative jumping exercises. Method: Case study of EMG mesurement in combination with kinematography analysis by the help of synchronized videorecord. Results: Make out several similarity levels between forward ice hockey skating and imitative jumping exercises. Key words: human locomotion, sport locomotion, electromyography, ice hockey skating, jumping exercises. Human movement ontogenesis culminates by free bipedal walking. We suppose similar movement organisation ofmovement at sport locomotion such as by walking. In our study we have observed coordination of movement at selected muscle groups when skating on hockey skates and it has been compared to coordination of imitative jumping exercises. We have not found kinesiology similarity of movement at all of jumping exercises.
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The effect of an early Reflex locomotion therapy according prof. Vojta in children with postpartum paresis of Brachial plexus and its social influence from the view of parents
PLACHÁ, Milena
The thesis topic is "The influence of the early therapy by reflex locomotion according to Vojta on children with brachial plexus palsy postpartum and its social impact from the perspective of their parents."The brachial plexus (BP) consists of nerve bundles based on radicular segments C5-Th1. Innervate muscles girdle blades, shoulder, arm and hand. When BP is damaged the mobility may be impaired (paresis to plegia of muscles), sensation (hypoesthesia to anesthesia, paresthesia, pain) and vegetative symptoms can appear (discoloration and skin temperature changes, changes in hair, nail brittleness). Types of BP palsy are classified according to clinical and anatomic course. Paresis of upper type (Erb-Duchene) is the most common and has the best prognosis, clinically manifest by the adduction and internal rotation of the upper limb, the elbow in extension, the wrist in flexion,the limb is poor, the gripping reflex present. During the paralysis of the lower type (Déjerine-Klumpke) the wrist flexion is not possible and the hand grip is poor or absent, and when there is a disruption of the cervical sympathetic the Horner's syndrome appears. An isolated paresis of the secondary trunk with disabilities muscles innervated n. Radialis is rare. During the complete lesion BP the whole limb is plegic with anesthesia all dermatomes excluding the inner arm. The complete lesion BP has the worst prognosis. BP perinatal injury arises in connection with childbirth. Despite the knowledge of risk factors we fail to prevent these injuries. With all children with postnatal paresis BP the initiation of conservative treatment is indicated, some children require neurosurgery. With some children a residual limb dysfunction remains after the treatment. Among the consequences we include permanent residual paresis, postural abnormalities, limb bone deformities, contractures of joints, shortened arm. Delays in mental development and cognitive impairment are related to motor disorders. The early and quality diagnosis and the immediate initiation of therapy is the prerequisite for successful treatment. The therapy should prevent the development of pathological patterns of movement and evoke and restore optimum momentum. The main aim is the restoration of innervation and hand function and the second one is the elbow flexion and the third is the arm abduction. Vojta method of reflex locomotion is one of the methods used for conservative treatment of peripheral paresis. In therapy, congenital partial patterns of forward movement global models, which is reflective crawling and reflective rotation, are activated. These patterns are inborn but with children with locomotor disorders these are blocked. By repeated targeted activation we can achieve the correct fixation of the correct models and thus enable their use in spontaneous motor fluctuations and pathological compensatory movements are displaced. Reflex locomotion favorably influences other functions such as posture and its management, neurological status, the development of mental and autonomic functions, and oculomotoric and disproportionate growth. The goal of the treatment is to reduce the disability degree and to minimize the future disability and handicap. Improving the quality of the child´s life leads to improvement of the life quality for the entire family. The theoretical part is devoted to BP palsy therapy and reflex locomotion according to Vojta. First, the function of peripheral nervous system is characterised, the other part is devoted to BP injury - mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, treatment options, BP perinatal injuries and rehabilitation of patients with spinal BP. The chapter dealing with Vojta describes the basic principles of Vojta method - reflexive crawling and reflexive rotation. The final chapter deals with the birth of a handicapped child, the need to support families and individuals affected especially in the psychological and sociological levels.
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The Position of Lower Limbs in Classical Dance
Danzerová, Barbora ; Čumpelík, Jiří (advisor) ; Janeček, Václav (referee)
Abstract
This bachelor thesis focuses on the positions of lower limbs in classical dance and the influence the positions have on the dancer?s carriage. The lower limbs are not only the base of carriage, but also serve as the source of information for the central nervous system (feed-back), which anticipates the intention of the dancer (feed-forward).
The aim
The aim of the thesis is to point out the correct position of legs in classical dance. It is the basic predisposition for the realization of related movements without the risk of overburdening of the movement apparatus.
Key words
carriage of body, position of legs, kinesiology
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Application of kinesiologic Knowledge in Technique of Martha Graham (Floor Work)
Táborová, Dita ; ČUMPELÍK, Jiří (advisor) ; KUBICOVÁ, Ivanka (referee)
The technique of Martha Graham is 80 years old. Dance world is constantly evolving forward and looking for to new options how healthy work with your body. I do not want to modernize technique of Martha Graham, but I would like to find optimal conditions for understanding of this dance technique. Therefore, I want to pay compensation and corrective exercise, from which in turn come out in the basic positions and exercises the Martha Graham (floor work). The aim is to draw attention to some weaknesses to the correct implementation of various exercises in the technique of Martha Graham. Important is to prepare a dancers for the better execution of each exercises and further develop the principles of dance technique. Concentrate on the fact that the dancers had learned the correct posture, focusing on the momentum of the pelvis and hips.
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Possibilities of Physiotherapy for chronical overload of the lumbar spine of female floorball players
SLADKÁ, Zuzana
The Bachelor's work deals with the topic of women's floorball from the physiotherapeutic point of view. Due to the basic playing posture in a continuous forward bend and the one-sided holding of the floorball stick, the lower back is being overloaded in long term. Stabilization of this region is secured by the deep stabilization system that works based on the interaction of the spine extensors and flexors. Is the activity not balanced, muscle disbalance and micro trauma occur, which have a negative impact on the player performance. Including of compensation and relaxation exercises into the training programme may work as prevention of development of such musculoskeletal overload. The aim of this work is to present the problems of women's floorball from the physiotherapeutic point of view and to offer possibilities of particular kinesiological and physiotherapeutic methods for prevention of injuries and spinal overload. The theoretical part describes the functional anatomy, the biomechanics of the lower back and the deep stabilization system assuring the stability of this spine region. Furthermore, the issues of floorball, the basic playing activities of individuals with the description of the floorball player posture are described. The theory quotes examination methods and therapy as well. This fulfils the first aim of the bachelor's work regarding closer description of the women's floorball issues. The research part of the work is processed by the quality research method. For analysis, the case interpretation of three floorball players of the FBC Liberec extra league team has been used. These three players had problems in the lower back region, mostly accompanied by pain. Every case interpretation involves input and output medical inspection with anamnesis definition, static inspection of aspection and palpation in the pelvis region, goniometric and somatometric inspection with function muscle test, dynamic inspection (Trendelenburg-Duchenne test), inspection of movement stereotypes, postural stabilization, hypermobility and shortening of muscle groups. Within this therapy, soft tissue techniques, stretching, method of the dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, parts of the Ludmila Mojžíšová method, sensomotoric stimulation and examination on a big gymnastic ball, have been used. Based on an assessment, both, the short-term and long-term individual kinesiotherapeutical plan has been developed and the second aim of the bachelor's work fulfilled show the possibility of particular kinesiology and physiotherapy methods for prevention of injuries and spinal overload. The therapy results are positive and the selected physiotherapeutical methods have proved to be effective. The posture in the lower back region has improved with all players and also symetrization of the trunk as well as reduction of pains as a result of the deep stabilization system could be observed. Both of the parties have evaluated the effect of the therapy as positive. The bachelor's work can be used in the physiotherapeutical clinic practice and as a resource for increasing the awereness of the sportspeople and trainers.
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Intraindividual comparison of selected indicators of coordinating steps on the skating step and on the in-line step
Hospůdka, Jakub ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Süss, Vladimír (referee)
4 Summary: Title: Intraindividual comparison of selected indicators of coordinating steps on the ice skating and in-line. Objective: Assessment of coordination relationship rate of the skating forward during ice hockey and inline skating. Methods: Surface electromyography combinated with kinematography analysis used synchronized video recording. Results: Kinesiological content of movement during ice skating and inline skating is not the same. The general stereotype of the skating step is significantly different from the walking stereotype. Key words: human locomotion, sport locomotion, phylogeny, ontogeny, surface electromyography, ice hockey skating, inline skating.
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Comparative kinesiological analysis of forward stroke in a kayak and of other forms of locomotion in the context of phylogenetic locomotor pattern
Mrůzková, Michala ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Boháč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Véle, František (referee)
The study focuses on comparison of two forms of the sport's movement from the kinesiological point of view - the first one is a kayak forward stroke and the second is a stroke performed in a paddling tank. The paddling tank is used as a compensation of a specific sport's movement in an elite kayakers training. By observing the starting position of both examined strokes given by a different position of punctum fixum and a different initial afferent configuration. A different character of a muscle function in both examined sport activities (tonic, phasic muscle function) can be suppossed. As well as the differences in a muscle function economy (mainly, the difference in between the speed of the start and the subsequent fading of the activation) and the least but not the last to be supossed is a different succesion of activities of observed muscle (so called: timing). The goal of the study is to investigate changes in intermuscular and intramuscular coordination of the specific locomotive movement with a different position of punctum fixum, by means of a surface electromyography. The further goal of our study is to evaluate the effectivity of examined training methods and their utilization as a compensatory training tool. The study is a descriptive individual study of a comparative analytical character...
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Comparison kinesiology content move forward on the frame speed and padles ergometer
Charvátová, Alena ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
: The content of the following thesis was to determine whether locomotion through the shoulder girdle in our case, kayaking and paddling simulator, made the same timing of muscle involvement. Muscle loops run in a diagonal character and chaining muscle groups depending on the imposition of puncta fixa, proximal or distal . Locomotion research provided through the shoulder girdle will be made at kayaking, which is typical for this locomotion. Movement is carried trunk muscles, shoulders and upper limbs. There is, however, also activate the muscles of the lower limbs, motion pattern is becoming global and it also serves to link with the ship. The research objective was to determine the content of the kinesiology of movement while the frame forward to kayaking gear, and its comparison with other types of locomotion made through the shoulder girdle. According to the timing of muscle involvement can specify a "reference framework map of coordinating locomotion. Successive order to evaluate differences in timing of muscle involvement in different types of activities and determine the effectiveness of their use as training resources for performance paddlers. Electromyographycaly we watched the activity of selected muscles in repeated actions: typical human locomotion braiding shoulder, while kayaking and...
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Kinesiotherapy in patiens with osteoporosis
BRAŠNIČKOVÁ, Jana
Abstract The theme of this bachelor's thesis is kinesiotherapy in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the disease of metabolism which causes the density of bone mass, the bone becomes less firm and tough. This disease can be asymptomatic in the long term, but it causes many physical and mental problems later, which markedly get worse the quality of life. The first symptoms of osteoporosis are chronic backaches and fractures caused by minimal strain. These pains often raise feelings of depression, anxiety and fear. The preconditions of origin of osteoporosis are genetic but they are formed also from the early childhood, that's why it is very important to follow healthy lifestyle which includes sufficient calcium and vitamine D intake, activity, proper diet and avoiding toxic influences from the birth. Kinesiotherapy is one of the most important ways of preventive and medical care of patients who are endangered by osteoporosis or suffer by this disease. It is aimed at the improvement of motoric stereotypes, muscular strenght, mobility, coordination and activation of deep stabilizing system. It teaches proper breathing, lying, sitting, standing, lifting and carrying loads, forward bend and relaxation. World Health Organization considers this disease as one of the biggest health problems of mankind. Therefore I think it is important to pay attention to these issues. The first part of this bachelor's thesis is aimed at theoretic knowledge, divided into general and special part. The general part includes knowledge about structure and function of a bone, defines osteoporosis, deals with its classification, its clinical symptoms, its diagnosing and risk factors. Next there are described the possibilities of therapy, preventive measures and the impact of osteoporosis. In the special part there is introduced the definition of kinesiotherapy, its medical effect and general principles which is important to follow during kinesiotherapy procedure. It deals with possibilities of kinesiotherapy according to clinical phases and then describes particular kineziotherapy methods suitable for patients with osteoporosis. The aim of a theoretical part was to outline the possibilities of kinesiotherapy of patient with osteoporosis. The second part of this thesis is my research. For this part was chosen the method of qualitative research. It was done as case history including anamnestic data, initial and final kinesiological analysis, the progress of therapy, conclusion and long-term rehabilitation plan. The data were collected during the interviews with patients, by observing of them, sampling of anamnesis, kinesiological screening and the analysis of data from medical documentation. The research set was formed by two patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. The research was carried out in rehabilitation ward Poliklinika Jih in České Budějovice during four weeks. Exercising took place twice a week for 20-30 minutes. Soft tissue techniques, mobilisations, post isometric relaxation, stretching, fitness, breathing and relaxation exercising, elements training of the back, exercising with a big ball, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensomotoric stimulation and the activation of deep stabilizing system. The aim of the research was to compile and realize the most effective kinesiotherapy procedures for chosen patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. The results show that the chosen kinesiotherapy methods influenced positively the condition of both patients. It is evident that their backache and posture are much better. They evaluate the therapy as positive and useful for their health. From the kinesiologic point of view it is evident the improvement in breathing stereotype, posture and reduction of some asymmetry and muscular unbalance which negatively influenced physical and mental aspects of patients.
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