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Options of Units of Radiation and Chemical Reconnaissance of Czech Republic Army in case of Radiological and Chemical Accidents.
NIMANSKÝ, Jiří
In emergencies of radiological or chemical nature Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic is responsible for protecting the population, which is an essential component of the Integrated Rescue System . Its forces and resources are not inexhaustible, which would occur mainly during emergencies at nuclear power plants. The role of the army starts exactly in these cases, which would here, outside the tasks, strengthen the Police of the Czech Republic, engage in activities associated with radiological survey or decontamination. To answer this question, a simple analysis is conducted in this thesis and comparison of the technical equipment and material of individual protection of chemical services in Fire Rescue System (FRS) and URCR of ACR. The theoretical part is focused on the legislative framework of recalling the Army during an extraordinary crisis situation, the non-military use of the army for rescue operations and liquidations, recalling the Army to carry out the tasks of the Police in the Czech Republic in radiation breakdowns and in principles of coordination between the IRS services. The following chapter deals with a catalog of typical activities for joint intervention, which are a part of the required documentation of IRS. Three types of activities are chosen, where you can find specific cases of coordination units FRS of the Czech Republic and ACR. Another part of the thesis according to the research question focused on the use of units of radiation and chemical reconnaissance ACR to support the basic components of IRS in case of a radiation accident, radiation breakdown or accidental release of hazardous materials. Methodology of work is a comparison of basic equipment and technology of chemical services of Fire Rescue teams and radiation and chemical reconnaissance ACR. These widely used devices were chosen based on queries by chemical specialists FRS and ACR. The research question is divided into three parts. The first part compares individual means of protection and there is a basic division of filters. There are selected the two most commonly used protective masks, simple filtering clothing and two gas-tight clothing. The second part compares means for detecting radioactive contamination and there is a detailed description of the most common forms of personal dosimeters . In the third part, we describe the chemical detectors, the type of chemical papers, chemical detector CHP - 71 and its successor modernized CHP- 05. The method of comparison is only one possible way to achieve the objective of the research questions. Thanks to this method, this thesis was developed, the conclusions of which are summarized below. In the area of means of individual protection the results are clear. Protective masks, filter and gas-tight clothing of ACR, can be used in certain cases in case of a radiological or chemical accident . They are comparable with the equipment of chemists of FRS, in terms of used material, connections and air filters in protective masks. Restrictions emerges from the construction of protective clothing OPCH 05. In comparison to the protective clothing Dräger 7900, we must mount air device outside of the suit, and this must be taken into consideration in any decontamination hitting people. Already from the choice and a basic description of dosimetry means of ACR teams is clear that they are primarily designed for combat use of radioactive substances in case of war. Quite evident with dosimetric instruments and personal dosimeters manufactured before 1990. Here are the current needs or the needs of the deployment of emergency at nuclear power plants compliant with measuring ranges already obsolete units.
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Proposal of parts manufacturing for air industry
Koula, Vojtěch ; Valášek, Petr (advisor) ; Brožek, Milan (referee)
The aim of the thesis is making the design process for the production of parts for the aerospace industry by bending. Forming technology is the perspective of manufacturing technology, what has frequent use in the aerospace industry. Part of this thesis is the experimental finding of maximum possible ram speed on press brake machine during bending of small radius to prevent cracking. Bending was performed on the press brake and possible cracks of the material were check by capillary fluorescence testing. These knowledge were applied in the design process for the manufacturing of parts and there was provided economic evaluation.
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Asessment of the Relation between the Composition of Aerosols of Solids in Air and Their Sources on Selected Places in Prague
Tydlitát, Vratislav ; Pekárek, Vladimír ; Šyc, Michal ; Vosecký, Martin
Results of the twentyfour hour sampling of aerosols at two posts in Prague: on a street with large traffic and at a post near to cement plant are presented. In aerosols PM10 a PM2,5 adsorbed from 500 to 1000 m3 of air (20 to 40 mg) were determined contents of As,Cd, Cr,Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. From x-ray fluorescence analyze were assesed contents of Si, S and Cl.. The winter traffic is the source of aerosol wth content of NaCl and SiO2 , Fe, Ca. In the vicinity of cement plant the aerosol contents elements, which are in cement and elements fom combustion: K, Ca, Al and S.
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Role of chromosomal aberrations to evaluate genetic risk of exposure to carcinogens.
Rössnerová, Andrea ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Kuglík, Petr (referee)
(in English) Air pollution is a serious worldwide problem associated with the risk of cancer. The negative effect of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs), including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), on human health is analyzed using specific biomarkers. Among them biomarkers of early effect play an important role. This work summarizes the results of cytogenetic analyses performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (whole chromosome painting of chromosomes #1 and #4) and automated image analysis of micronuclei (MN). During the analyses a total set of 1304 samples was analyzed by the FISH method and 885 samples by the automated image analysis of MN. Studied groups including city policemen, garage men, bus drivers, administrative workers, mothers, newborns, healthy children and children with bronchial asthma and laboratory workers were from Prague, Ostrava and Ceske Budejovice. The locations significantly differed in levels of air pollutants and the type of air pollution. The exposure of participants of the study was assessed by personal and stationary monitoring. The impact of other factors including age, smoking or intake of vitamins was also evaluated in these studies. The results obtained by the FISH method in Prague showed the impact of seasonal variability of concentrations of...
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