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Possibilities of nature and landscape protection in the Czech Republic and in the world
ŠEJNOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of protection of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and the world. It mentions the state of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and describes the development history of the protection of nature and it analyzes fundamental principles of nature and landscape in the Czech Republic and compares it with other countries. It also describes the legislative instruments of the Czech Republic in the protection of nature and landscape. The bachelor thesis describes some of the international agreements on the environment.
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Arctic tundra dendrochronology
Lehejček, Jiří ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
Historically unprecedented environmental change in the Arctic ecosystems is often given into the context of its past and possible future development. In the region where instrumental meteorological observations are scarce archives need to be investigated in order to address this issues. The comprehensive synthesis one of the archives: long-live circumpolar evergreen Juniperus communis L. shrub is presented here. 20 individuals from southwest Greenland were investigated at the cell anatomy level to understand the ecology of the species and unhide its potential for environmental and climate reconstructions. The findings are as follows:
i) Stop of exponential cross-sectional conduit-lumen widening with increasing age is in contrast with conduit-lumen nature of trees. This indicates that shrubs do not need to saturate their water and nutrient demands via traits of classical hydraulic conductivity law but rather developed different mechanisms. Extreme weather conditions result in prostrate growth form. However, different weather factors probably influence shrub growth differently: While snow and wind act mechanically (a), temperature influences the form of growth physiologically (b). a) So long as the young shrub stem has high resilience to bend back to an upright position after snow melt and so long as it can withstand the wind during the vegetation season it most likely grows upright and the conduit-lumens widen. b) Temperature, resp. freeze-thaw events are responsible for the shrubs preference of safety (finite size of conduit-lumens) over hydraulic efficiency, thus not allowing for more primary growth. All of these (and other) factors are apparently working together and the transition of vertical to more horizontal growth is gradual. As a consequence, the conduit-lumen sizes may not have to be further increased (due to ecophysiological restrictions possibly also must not) because water is no longer transported against gravity.
ii) Observed age/growth trend has to be taken into consideration for further employment of the wood anatomical parameter in paleoenvironmental studies. That is, shrub cell parameters can only be used for this purposes if correctly detrended. This allows for more accurate as well as longer reconstructions because youth trend was often neglected in reconstructions based on shrub annual-rings.
iii) The south-western Greenland Ice-Sheet (GrIS) melt rates reconstruction is presented for the whole 20th century. This part of GrIS is considered as the most active. According to the presented reconstruction current GrIS melt rates are not uncommon for the last century being comparable to first decades of 20th century. This finding is particularly important contribution to the debate on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Too high fresh water inputs into the Northern Atlantic from GrIS melting may slow down or even stop the AMOC which would result in more continental climate in Europe. Presented results indicate that this threshold lies higher than observed current melt rates of GrIS.
Fascinating Juniperus comunnis species has shown to be able to address many ecological as well as environmental open questions and due to its longevity and abundant distribution has a great potential to become an important player in the Arctic research.
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Current environmental threats and their impact in the landscape
Zapletalová, Jana ; Kirchner, Karel
Workshop Current environmental threats and their impact on the landscape was organized in the framework of the Strategy AV21 of the Academy of Sciences, the program Natural threats.\nThe papers were oriented both on natural threats (geological and geomorphological threats - slope deformation, erosion, hydrometeorological extremes floods, droughs, biological invasions) and their evaluation and prediction, and social and legal implications of natural and human activities caused by threats and their impacts on the landscape (e. g. changes in the urban environment, anthropogenic impacts in the mining areas). Important topics were focused on the assessment of natural and environmental threats and their solving in selected emergency and crisis situations using geoinformation technologies. \n
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0465323 - PDF
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The Role of Religious Law in the Legal system of the State of Israel The Agunah
Sedláková, Dominika ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Boušek, Daniel (referee)
The present M.A. thesis deals with the role of Jewish religious law in the legal system of the State of Israel. The aim of this work is to describe unique nature of Israeli legal system due to the incorporation of Jewish religious law. The thesis focuses at the marital and divorce law. This legal branch was the most influenced by Jewish religious. The case of agunot, litteraly chained women, was chosen as an example of the application of Jewish religious law in the legal system of a modern country. Agunah is a woman who is not permitted to remarry because she has not been given a divorce list nor she is widowed. The problem of agunot is rather ancient and Jewish scholars have tried to find a solution for many centuries. However, nowadays when society calls for an equality between genders and for standard human rights, this issue is even more pressing than ever before. Hardly is a woman accorded right to human dignity if her husband can keep her at his own mercy. At the absence of systemic legal tool, the whole community, including the Orthodox rabbis, should be willing to exert moral pressure such as banning lenient men from synagogue offices and honors to help women to be released from their marriage. More so because the motive behind withholding a geṭ is in most cases economic or other benefit....
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Property assessment
DOBEŠOVÁ, Johana
Aim subject of this bachelor theses is to characterize useful procedures and principles and their application in housing assessment, i.e. an apartment. This bachelor theses is divided into two parts. First, teoretical part deals with the legal regulation of housing assessment in Czech Republic, furthermore it brings determination and characterization of basic terms as well as it introduces various ways how to make the housing assessment. Practical part deals with the nature of the housing market. In practical part is also value the specific unit in Jindřichův Hradec. The valuation is made by the metod by marktet value and the method acording to the administrative price regulation. Finally the applied methods are compared.
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Assessment of Selected Economic Instruments EU in Environmental Policy
Ševc, Pavel ; Spiesová, Daniela (advisor) ; Petra, Petra (referee)
The thesis dealing with the environmental policy on general level, e.g. define the basic terminology as policy of environment, it´s tools, and describe principals of environmental policy. The thesis evaluates ecological taxis and their implementation into Czech legislature, describing realization of tax reforms in Czech Republic and comparing the system with other countries of European Community. The text informs about different math models used in impact evaluation of economic tolls in the sphere of environmental policy. The impact of the selected tools on the state budget of the Czech Republic is analysed in the text. Ecological taxes (solid fuel tax, natural gas tax, other types of gas tax, and electricity tax) create chosen economic tool that is incorporated into Czech legislature. The analytical part of the thesis concerns on analyse and evaluation of the state budget income originated from ecological taxes in the period between 2008 and 2015. Further on the impact on ecological taxis on GDP in different countries of European Community is searched. How ecological taxes contribute to environmental protection is specified in the thesis as well.
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Human impact on creating the landscape
Lainová, Dana ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the differences in landscape structure caused by human influence in nature conservation area Czech paradise. It guide us though period from year 1955 until the present. It take into consideration both the previous and current landscape form, as for land area, landscape character, plant and animal association and abiotic factors. Bachelor work describes particular human influence on forming aspect of this natural heritage. It focuses on forestry and forest cover situation, agriculture and farmland. It does not forget hunting and its related situation of wild animals, fish farming which means purity of water. It will occupies water management and its watercourses modification. Least but not last it concentrates on infrastructure and related development and structural engineering. Attention will be aimed at sewage management, industry and natural raw materials extraction. It has to be mentioned the areas of tourism, mountain climbing and recreation, which should be kept only in marked areas and in accordance with nature conservation. Based on findings from individual areas is possible to compare what an impact did a human being on forming aspect of landscape of Czech paradise from year 1955 until the present. Even for such short time of history, it can be observed large change in landscape character or species association. For the future it will be necessary to reduce intensity of landscape recasting and more focus on conservation of indigenous of this nature heritage.
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Breeding of Eastern Rosellas in European Climate Conditions
Baierlová, Nikola ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Summary
This work is aimed at parrot breeding of genus Rossella in Europe, in different climatic conditions than the conditions in the Southeast and South Australia where the birds come from. Here, you can find overview of their occurrence in nature, evaluation of biotope, feeding and information on breeding in human custody.
Eastern Rosellas (Platycersus eximius) live in pairs and each pair is very protective
of their own nesting teritory. Outside of the nesting season, Rosellas are moving around the land in small groups.
In nature, these parrots eat grain from grass or weeds, seeds from bushes, trees
and of course fruit.
The nesting season starts around february and lasts until august. In nature Rosellas nest in hollow trees, branches, tree stumps, columns, on top of fence post and even in rabbit holes.
The best option when it comes to breeding Rosellas, is an outside aviary, which best represents their natural habitat. European winter causes them little to no trouble, the same goes for severe frost, which allows for year-round stay in the outside aviary.
Rosellas have the similar eating habits as their parrot brethren, meaning sunflower seeds, millet, panic grass, canary and oat. An important supplement in their daily diet is green feed(ing), fresh fruit and vegetable, branches to nibble on, mineral substances, and fresh drinking water. During the nesting season and while with young, it is necessary to feed
the birds an egg mixture, it is an important source of protein.
Breeding of Rosellas is fairly effortless, they can easily nest even in small spaces. Ideal size of their bird house would be 25 x 25 x 60 - 70 cm with a fly-in entrance of 7 - 8 cm. It is necessary to hang the bird houses as high as possible in the protected part of aviary. Female lays 5 - 7 white colored eggs, on which she sits 21 - 22 days. Young birds leave
the nest in age between 28 - 35 days and then, are are partly fed additional 10 - 14 days by
the male.
Among the most frequent diseases of this species of pet birds belong those non contagious, e.g. hypovitaminosis, uricosis and, furthermore parasitical ones and pathogens as well as other contagious diseases or feather abnormalities, such as the so called French defeathering.
Breeding of Rosellas does not require an experienced breeder. With proper care, Rosellas can live up to 25 - 30 years and remain fertile their whole lives.
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Small sacral buildings in the area Macha region
Sobotková, Lenka ; Zilvar, Josef (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract
The thesis maps and identifies a small religious monuments in the countryside and smaller settlements in the cadastral area municipalities Association Macha, which is located in the southwestern part of the Liberec region and its southern edge, which is Kokorin, extends into the Central Region. These small structures of sacred significance were set up at intersections of roads, trade routes, near Wells, but as expressions of gratitude and remembrance to joyful, significant and tragic event. Each of these small sacred building affects perception of a person's environment, enriching area villages and landscapes, along with accompanying greenery which acted as a refuge on the road, landmark or feature lightning form a common artistic and traditional value. His mission lost partially or completely inappropriate transfer.
The main benefit and purpose of this work is to determine the current state of these monuments in the area, and create a detailed catalog, serving as a source of information for tourism, regional development, such as integration into existing and also into emerging hiking, biking and nature trails, but also as the basis for a partial analysis in the evaluation of the landscape, the creation of the zoning plan, the draft plan during land consolidation or the needs of a particular community.
The catalog is compiled on the basis of professional and regional literature, detailed field survey, including cadastral territory of the municipalities that are part of the voluntary association of municipalities Macha maps and testimonies of some residents is compiled catalog of small sacred buildings. Buildings are photographically documented and described both in terms of the status quo, and in terms of landscape significance here is the location of the building indicating the GPS coordinates and plotting the current actual map of the selected area.
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Change trajectories of wood pastures at the landscape level
Marková, Magdaléna ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The theme of my thesis is analysis and evaluation of development of wood pastures at several locations in the Elbe lowlands from the first half of 19th century up to the present. The area is characterized by its fertility and the large share of arable land.
The data analysis was developed using a geographic information system (GIS). The basic documents were maps and written operate of Stationary cadaster.
The results of the work are map compositions depicting the change trajectories of wood pastures (extinct, continuous and new), graphs show the area of individual trajectories and evaluate the utility of written operate of the Stacionary cadastre.
We have put the obtained information about the natural and social-economic development of the area into context. We got a possible explanation of development, therefore, why the old wooded pastures vanish and new ones arisen elsewhere. Changes of wood pastures were influenced by socio-economic development of the area and probably by distance from a watercourse. The informations obtained from written operate of Stacionary cadaster are useless for this thesis.
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