| |
|
Cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation
Reischig, Tomáš ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Viklický, Ondřej (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee) ; Pazdiora, Petr (referee)
1 SUMMARY Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a common infectious complication in patients after solid organ transplantation. The last decade witnessed major advances in CMV disease prevention. Use of universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy resulted in a decrease in the incidence of CMV disease from 20-60% to 5-20%. However, the efficacy of preventive approaches in terms of indirect effects of CMV occurrence is problematic. Association with allograft rejection belongs to well documented and clinically extremely important indirect effects of CMV with a prolonged adverse impact on graft survival. Potential mechanisms include overexpression of major histocompatibility complex molecules, growth factors and cytokines, and upregulation of adhesion molecules. A number of questions remain to be answered in evaluating CMV as a risk factor for acute rejection. While CMV disease is associated with an increased incidence of acute rejection, data regarding the role of asymptomatic CMV viremia are controversial. In our research we evaluated the role of CMV in pathogenesis of allograft rejection in the era of modern immunosuppression and CMV prophylaxis as well as optimal preventive strategy to minimize impact of CMV. In the first trial, renal transplant (RTx) recipients were followed prospectively for 12 months to...
|
|
The nursing care based on humanistic-altruistic values by model of Margaret Watson.
SCHOLZ, Pavel
Abstract The theme of this dissertation is the nursing care based on humanistic-altruistic values by model of Margaret Watson. Creating conceptual models and their designation in itself was a very important progress in the field of nursing. Conceptual models of nursing are some connection among philosophy, theory and practice. Conceptual model of M. J. Watson is unique in that it focuses on self-nurses, are also among the humanist conceptual models based on the principles of humanism respecting patient rights. Foreign authors talk about the content of the model as a return to the deep roots of professional nursing and values, such as helping others, empathy, trust, finding and meeting the needs of ill people. For practical application of established M. J. Watson there are 10 factors of humanistic care. In the area of research there was carried out questionnaire survey focused on awareness of selected conceptual models of interest in nursing education courses in the area of conceptual models. In addition the conceptual model was applied by M. J. Watson, in practice, for which interviews were used the original author designed and the nurses diaries. Qualitative results were processed by using a modified approach by Ritchie and Spencer. We set two objectives. To achieve the objective to inform nurses about the conceptual model of M. J. Watson was determined by six hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Nurses are not informed about the conceptual model of M. J. Watson. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis 2: Nurses do not use M. J. Watson conceptual model for a care of their clients. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis 3: Nurses recognize an empathy as an important ability to nurse. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis 4: The interest of nurses in training courses in the area of conceptual models vary according to the length of experience. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis 5: The interest of nurses in training courses in the area of conceptual models vary according to their age. This hypothesis was not confirmed. Hypothesis 6: The interest of nurses in training courses in the area of conceptual models varies by their educational attainment. This hypothesis was not confirmed. To consider the surprising result that although the nurses admit a lack of information on conceptual models which prevails at the lack of interest in any course in this area. To gain the objective to find out what causes the changes of nursing care are based on a conceptual model of M. J. Watson for selected nurses and clients, we realized the practical application of the model. During our research we set goals to achieve more research questions which we work. Research question 1: Will nurses in implementing nursing care according to M. J. Watson indicate greater satisfaction with their work than before? Research question 2: Will the nurses recognize the increased benefits in the way of nursing care according to M. J. Watson compared to their normal practice? Research question 3: How does the nursing care according to M. J. Watson influence the clients? Research question 4: How nurses will evaluate the success factors of ten applications of humanistic care by M. J. Watson? Research question 5: What do nurses perceive negatively when applying the model of M. J. Watson in practice? We believe we have done this work to break the barrier of lack of information in the conceptual model of M. J. Watson in the country while we described how to return to the loving care in nursing. This model leads to a nurse wondered at herself, carried out their activities at the client with respect and the build confidence. Through the humanistic factors of ten to reach a tenderness in the nursing care.
|
|
Human Factor Reliability Evaluation
Richter, Marek ; Tabas, Marek (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
This thesis is focused on evaluation human factor reliability of assembly line, which is in company Hella Autotechnik, s.r.o. from Mohelnice. This analysis will be made with several methods. At first will be estimated operator errors with method TESEO, then will be used method Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) for detection hazard factors, which are influenced by production on the assembly line. In the end will be identified hazard precaution with HAZOP study.
|
|
Human factor in air transport
Pískatý, Slavomír ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
This dissertation examines the problems of human error in civil aviation. Its aim is, first and foremost, to evaluate types, origins and frequency of particular mistakes in piloting technique of aeroplanes. The dissertation comprises a study of the commonest human errors as presented by the examples of European airlines. The conclusion of the dissertation details proposals of method and approach on eliminating human error and thus increasing air travel safety.
|
|
Algorithm of imaging methods in suspicion on pulmonary tuberculosis
MIKULÁŠOVÁ, Jana
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which more than 8 million people are taken ill with throughout the world every year. During the last decade more than 30 million people succumbed to it. The Czech Republic succeeds in decreasing the number of TB cases, despite of it the physicians warn how dangerous is still this infectious disease. Basic diagnostic examination in pulmonary TB is an X-ray examination. Radiophotography, so called {\clqq}štítovka`` enacted remarkable part in combating TB. This apparatus was used in past for collective X-ray examination. The disadvantage of this technique is substantionally higher radiation load. In my work I dealt mostly with contemporary possibilities of radiodiagnostics in pulmonary TB examination (with regard to radiophotography). I carried out measurement of entering surface kerma with the help of water phantom in different work places, with different types of machines. In my thesis I compared examination techniques, both from the point of diagnostic yield , and from the point of patients´ radiation load. X-ray diagnostics participates in big rate in medical irradiation, which is the most important part in human irradiation from artificial radiation sources. Implementation of new diagnostic methods (especially computer tomography) resulted in important expansion of diagnostic possibilities . On the other hand, historical equipment still functions, e.g. cabin machines for imaging from the photographic plate. The most important factors affecting radiation load of patients is modern machine equipment, regular running of tests of long-term stableness and working steadiness , as well as protective aids use. In every work place with sources of ionizing radiation a permanent supervision on respecting of radiation protection rules must be ensured.
|
|
Contractures and their prophylaxis
Benešová, Barbora ; Rodová, Zuzana (referee) ; Lippertová-Grünerová, Marcela (advisor)
The main aim of this bacheloťs thesis is to describe the problematics of contractures forming with emphasis on the most common contractures on upper limbs. The processes to prevent the contractures are also described. The secondary objective of this work is to raise knowledge of my colleagues working and studiing in the fíeld of occupational therapy. In my work I wanted to describe the problematics of forming contractures, with placing emphasis on most common contractures on upper limbs and on processes preventing the contractures as well. For the correct evaluation of spasticity influence on contractures creation it is necessary to have its description of and also possibilities of its treatment. Main focus is given to botulotoxin therapy, its composition, indication and counter-indication of treatment, pharmaceuticals currently available on the market and its applications. Practical part with picture section describes possibilities of occupational therapy on three subjects on Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in Prague who had suffered brain damage and are currently on botulotoxin treatment. Just firom this small sample the results seem to indicate, that one of the most important factors of treatment is patienťs motivation; knowledge of treatment and family interest. Therapy of botulotoxin is effective...
|
|
Synura echinulata (Synurales) - silica scale plasticity in natural populations influenced by environmental factors; accompanying scaled chrysophytes
Kreidlová, Jana ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Hodač, Ladislav (referee)
The silica scale shape variation in Synura echinulata has been investigated only in laboratory conditions, so far. The aim of this thesis was to study scale shape variation in natural populations and to determine which environmental parameters influence the scale shape. The scale shape variation was investigated using landmark-based methods of geometric morphometrics. Scale shape changes related to environmental factors were analyzed using the two-block method PLS (Partial Least-Squares analysis) and adonis (R). The scale shape was mostly influenced by locality, pH and altitude. Shape distinguished populations of S. echinulata probably exist in different localities. The more distant localities are, the less similar are scales of S. echinulata in their shape. This scale shape variation is probably genetically determined, even thought all so far sequenced populations belong to the same species. High morphological disparity which was probably caused by anthropogenic pollution, was recorded in the locality Brdy. During sampling of the natural populations of Synura echinulata in the Czech Republic, several localities representing a significant reservoirs of species diversity, were found. Therefore, the thesis was extended and biodiversity research in the Czech Republic was added. A few samples were...
|
|
The course of microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi in experimental model
VOTOČKOVÁ, Tereza
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites causing disease called microsporidiosis. The infectious strategy is a spore - a highly organized cell which gives a rise to the infection of the host. This bachelor thesis records the progress of microsporidiosis provoked by the infection of the experimental model of the species of microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi, namely of the genotype ECIII. The theoretical part includes the familiarization with microsporidia. In this part, there are first records leading to paying more attention to them and initiating their closer examination. This section describes both the biological characteristics and the systematic categorization of microsporidia and the description of a spore as the infectious stage of life cycle, which enables get into the host body where microsporidia reproduce and cause diseases. The sources of microsporidia are mentioned as well as the ways of transmission and microsporidia species most commonly detected in human whose attention is devoted mainly to Encephalitozoon cuniculi - its history and development, the infectious progress in hosts, the detection, and the treatment. The practical part describes the methodical process of the way of monitoring of microsporidiosis on experimental models in a form of laboratory mice of inbred immunocompetent BALB/c and the mice with severe combined immunodeficiency SCID. The mice were orally infected with spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype ECIII, which was isolated from steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus). The progress of infection was monitored both on the basis of coprological examination of mouse feces and on the basis of the examination of tissue and body fluid samples. The processing of individual samples was carried out with the aid of molecular diagnostics in the parasitological laboratory AV ČR in České Budějovice. The DNA from individual tissues and body fluids was isolated by using a commercially supplied kit, QIAamp DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit ( QIAGEN), the feces were treated with a commercially supplied QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The principle was to destroy the individual spores and to obtain the pure DNA which was suitable for further processing. Subsequently, the two-step polymerase chain reaction was carried out. providing rapid multiplication of DNA. The next step was a gel electrophoresis which arouses the division of the DNA into individual fragments on the basis of different molecular weights due to the effect of unidirectional electrical current. The fragments were visualized by UV transilluminator at a wavelength of 312 nm linked to a computer. The part of the research was the albendazole treatment of BALB/c mice. The drug was orally administered in the range from 28th to 42nd day after the infection. The results on progress of microsporidiosis through various organs and tissues, including the involved treatment, were recorded in well arranged tables. At the end of this bachelor thesis, there is a summary of the research and its comparison with previous studies. The results showed that microsporidia may be a threat not only for people suffering from immune deficiency, but thanks to their successful survival in the organs of immunocompetent hosts and their ability of activation from the undetectable level, they emphasize the danger of latent microsporidiosis as a risk and life-threatening factor for groups of people undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation where the patients can receive inflected graft from a donor.
|
|
Iterative generation of sine and cosine signal by finite word length
Štursa, Jarmil
The iterative procedure of sine/cosine signal generation operates without the need of any ROM table. A special attention is given to the correct determination of initial conditions of the iteration process and to finite word length of some system factors. The program environment Matlab is used for the simulation of this process. The level of normalized errors of iteratively generated sine and cosine signal is investigated.
|
guest ::
