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The current level of compliance with the concept of prenatal care from the perspective of pregnant women
URBÁNKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with a current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. Theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter is focused on the history of midwifery and prenatal care. The second one describes prenatal care in general, organisations, goals, antenatal preparation by the midwife, pregnancy card and a role of the midwife in the prenatal consulting. The third chapter deals with pregnancy diagnosis and the last one concerns the examination of pregnant women in each trimester. Practical part of the thesis points out a comparison of a current level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region.Three goals were set prior to writting this thesis. The first goal was to find out the abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. The second goal was to find out, whether pregnant women understand the importance of all the examinations carried out during prenatal consultings. The third goal was to find our and compare the level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region. Three questions arose from these three goals: What is the level of abiding the prenatal care conception? What examinations are being carried out during prenatal consultings? What is the difference between abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region?The qualitative method had been used to conduct the survey.Answers to the questions from the survey were searched during the acquisition and processing of the semi-structured interviews. Conclusion of the survey is, that all the pregnant women are satisfied with the current conception of the prenatal care. This way of timing of visit intervals in prenatal consultings seems right to them, important and necessary, not only for a control over themselves, but also for a control over the fetus. The level of the conception of prenatal care is good, satisfactory for all the mothers. Surprising result was, that half of the mothers is unable to describe and elaborate what examinations they went through in prenatal consulting, when it was and what was its purpose. Especially when only two respondents complained about insufficient awareness from the physician about performed examinations. As the most common examinations were stated: blood pressure, urine, weight, CTG scan and vaginal examinations. Based on the conducted survey I have managed to find out that the frequency of regular visits in prenatal consulting, according to CGOS recommendations in České Budějovice was abode only in two cases. This fact was not confirmed by any respondent from the Benešov region. Schedule of the regular visits depends on physician´s consideration. Another difference was not discovered. Current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception in Benešov region is similar to České Budějovice.The thesis may serve as an informational material in prenatal consultings in the future, especially for pregnant women, who want to know the progress of prenatal care.
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Changes of proline concentration and electrolyte leakage in the selected species of the Panicoideae tribe under water deficit.
Nováková, Hana ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate.
The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.).
The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes.
The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet.
The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.
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The psychological prevention of work injuries
PAPAJOVÁ, Hana
This thesis deals with psychological prevention of work injuries. About two milion of people die worldwide as a result of work injuries and illnesses originating in work. If I think about this statistic data, I have to ask myself basic questions: what is the cause of such a high mortality in today´s over-technical time, what are the main causes of injuries and how can we anticipate them? These questions are also the main issues of this work. The first chapter deals with work injuries, particularly with the way we should proceed when it comes to such an injury - what the employer´s and employee´s duties are. Rhe next sub-chapter focuses on the responsibility for the harm of work injuries, work injuries compensation such as the earning loss substitution, smart money, specific costs connected with treatment and compensation for damage to property. The second chapter is aimed to the labour protection. Firstly, it deals with the labour protection on a general level, then with the BOZP training and related basic documents, OHSAS 18001 Certifikace systému managementu BOZP - contributions of the certification and "Safe enterprise". The last sub-chapter goes in the work inspection authorities - keeping duties given by legal formulas, activities of the work inspection authorities, the scope of their activities and the authorization of the work inspector. The third chapter is about the work injuries prevention. The first sub-chapter focuses on the employer´s duties, the next one is about mental burden and its display, also the safe demands on machines and appliances, examples of causes of work injuries and more particular principles of labour protection in the food industry. The fourth part has been created in a quantitative way. I have asked nine meat manufactories to complete a questionnaire I had made myself in a way to draw conclusions and fulfill the goals of the thesis and answer the questions set at the beginning. The company, which came out the smallest accident, I did an interview, which makes, I obtained information regarding their approach to the issue. The labour and health protection are neccessary conditions in all work branches. Every employer has a lot of duties to their employees and the goal is to provide the workplace safe and with a minimal risk of work injuries. The most important issue is to pay attention to prevention from the very beginning.
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Implementation of lean manufacturing and application of Kaizen management in small and middle company
KUBÍČEK, Roman
The thesis deals with the application of the Lean manufacturing and Kaizen ma-nagement in processes of production and logistics management and selected tools and techniques of lean manufacturing and Kaizen management. The research of the imple-mentation of the Lean manufacturing was conducted at the production departments of the company. It is necessary to involve the processes principles.We can say, that the introduction of lean manufacturing principles and application of Kaizen management is a significant competitive advantage. The aim of tools supporting the implementation of the principles of the Lean manufacturing and Kaizen management is the elimination of wasting, improving response to customer´s demands. The keeping of the principles of company culture with the transition from the concept company to concept my (our) company. These principles are applicable to systems in the mass production and the small batch production. The some methods and tools are applicable in the area of services and public administration. We can say, that into each activity can be found reserves which are wasting about the Lean manufacturing. We are able to reduce or eli-minate them with use right tools. The subject of research are a never-ending changes the set up manufacturing processes during the implementation of Lean manufacturing and next application of Kaizen management. The changes which were done was not concern only for new set of material flow, workplace layout, leveling and optimization work, but also changes focused to thinking of people who are involved in these changes or the changes affecting them. To evaluace of the success and applicability of the newly introduced methods were set up measurable indicators and methodology of their eva-luation. The results which are presented are important for the company where the re-search was conducted. The outputs is important for other companies and recommen-dations of general application can help their further development and help to futher de-velop scientic knowledges.
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Differences in CO2 Extraction of Vegetable Oils, Essential Oils, and Minor Components from Plants
Sovová, Helena
Significant progress in understanding the phenomena that control supercritical fluid extraction from plants was made in the last years and is reflected in the literature. Combination of chemical engineering approach and botanical knowledge has appeared to be fruitful for the choice of extraction model and even for the prediction of extraction kinetics. This contribution refers to the papers utilizing knowledge of plant microstructure and location of extracted substances together with extraction equilibrium and attempts to specify the differences among extraction kinetics of vegetable oils, essential oils, and other substances. The most abundant substances like vegetable oils in seeds can be regarded in first approximation as non-interacting with plant matrix, in contrast to the minor components whose equilibrium concentration in CO2 is affected by their adsorption on matrix and often also by co-extracted substances.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012102414100 - PDF
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Using indicators of ecological stability in stochastic programming
Houda, Michal
When building bigger construction the EU law impose the so-called EIA process - evaluation of possible influences of the construction on the environment and population health, grouped into several categories. Outputs of the EIA process are recommendations to the investors compensating the negative impacts of the constructions by additional arrangements. In our contribution we develop an innovative approach to model the expenses devoted to obey the EIA rules by stochastic programming tools: especially, we represent uncertainty in parameters by their probabilistic distributions, and subjective utility function representing the ecological demands is modelled via so-called indicators of ecological stability. The model takes into account budget limitations, several legislative obligations, and other ecological aspects; the goal is to help choose the optimal compensating constructions and arrangements. The resulting stochastic programming model is seen as parallel to V@R problem.
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Ethics of auditors in practice
SVOJŠOVÁ, Pavlína
In my thesis I evaluated and assessed the activities of auditors in relation to the ethics of behavior in terms of legislation of the Czech Republic. I focused on the published cases of misconduct of auditors and the subsequent punitive sanctions. Ethical behavior is the basis for the auditor's professionalism. In connection with the accounting scandals and falsification of accounting and audit reports, the public began to discuss - among other things - auditors' liability for fraud detection leading to distorted accounts of the entities and the principles of ethical behavior started to get into the spotlight of auditors?, which was later enshrined in legal and professional standards including Code of Ethics of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Expectations of many users of financial statements from the auditor's report are too high and usually go up beyond what the auditor can actually verify and confirm. However, it must be acknowledged that not all auditors are sufficiently aware of their responsibilities in relation to the distortion of financial statements due to fraud or misconduct, and adequately adapt their audit procedures due to them. Certainly worth mentioning is the most visible impact of accounting scandals in the accounting and auditing profession - the fall of Arthur Andersen, one of the former "Big Five" auditing firms. Accounting profession has responded by developing and tightening ethical standards with an emphasis on the conduct of professional accountants in the public interest, not only in the interests of individual clients or employers. The role of audit in society is irreplaceable. Quality of the audits undertaken, however, ultimately depends on the auditor's discipline and education, the control of the Council Chamber and also public oversight of auditing, as well as pressure of the users of financial statements and of the representatives on the appropriateness and quality of outputs. Ethics in the auditor's work and its compliance in life are the things that determine auditor?s reputation.
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Productive efficiency of modified feed in culture of market carp in the storage ponds experiment at Třeboň fisheries.
MELKA, Václav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to verify the productive efficiency of thermally and mechanically modified wheat in comparison to the non-modified wheat in experimental fish ponds. The experiment was conducted in storage ponds of Třeboň Fisheries Ltd. and took place along 120 days in 8 rectangular ponds. Four treatments were used: thermally wheat, thermally and pressed wheat, non-modified wheat, and control without feeding. Each treatment was run in duplicate. Fish were fed three times a week early in the morning and in the same part of the storage pond. Every month, fish were harvested and some parametres were recorded (weight, length and fat content). Then, fish were restocked. The results of the productive indicators at the end of the experiment have proved a positive influence of thermal and mechanical modifications on the productive efficiency. The highest productive efficiency was achieved by the carps which have been fed by thermally and pressed wheat: Food convertion ration (FCR) was 2.17 - 0.17; Food Convertion efficiency (FCE) was 0.47 - 0.04; and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was 0.63 - 0.06 %.d-1. Fish fed with thermally treated wheat reached values for FCR of 2.32 - 0.16; FCE of 0.44 - 0.04; and SGR of 0.60 - 0.06 %.d-1. Finally, the lowest productive efficiency was found at the wheat without any modifications (FCR: 2.38 - 0.10; FCE: 0.43 - 0.02; SGR: 0.58 - 0.07%.d-1). Therefore, thermal and mechanical modifications of wheat are positive modifications to improve production efficiency in market carp farming.
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Effect of sowing rate on the yield formation and quality of spelt wheat in organic farming
Myšková, Radka ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The area of cultivated land used for organic farming expands every year, as does consumer demand for organic food. Organic farming is a system of land cultivation without chemical inputs, because chemicals can have a negative impact on the environment, human health as well as health of farm animals. An important part of organic farming are also various sowing methods based on the alternation of a broad range of different crops. Dinkel wheat (Triticum spelta, also known as spelt or hulled wheat), is ideally suited for this system, as it is less demanding in terms of external environmental conditions than bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, also known as common wheat.
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to gain insight about the impact of the seeding rate on the yield and the consequent profit from dinkel wheat in organic farming. A second objective was to evaluate any differences in the values of selected quality indicators of grain, depending on the seed rate. Finally, on the basis of the obtained results, to choose the seeding rate which proved to be ideal in given conditions.
The results of our experiments with selected genotypes of spring and winter dinkel wheat and control varieties of bread wheat sown in different seeding rates (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 germinable seeds per m2) in the organic way of farming in the Research Station in Prague - Uhříněves show that the spring genotypes of dinkel wheat had a peak of offsetting almost a month later, in comparison with the control variety of spring bread wheat. Winter genotypes of dinkel wheat had this peak of offsetting approximately two weeks later than the control variety of winter bread wheat.
Both dinkel wheat and the control variety of bread wheat from low seeding rates (1.0 and 2.0 million of germinable seeds/ha) offset more as expected, and simultaneously achieved a higher average weight of dry aboveground biomass and biomass of the roots per plant than plants of high seeding rates (4.0 and especially 5.0 million of germinable seeds/ha).
The evaluated genotypes of dinkel wheat compared to the control varieties of bread wheat were generally characterized by intense offsetting, higher weight of dry aboveground biomass, and especially higher weight of dry matter of roots per plant.
Achieved yields were negatively influenced by the course of weather conditions, especially by the drought throughout most of the vegetation period in 2015 - spring varieties of wheat, however, were affected by the drought far more than winter wheat.
Based on the resulting yields, we can say that in our experiment the spring genotypes of dinkel wheat had the highest yields in the seeding rate of 4.0 million of germinable seeds/ha, for winter dinkel wheat the best seeding rate was 3.0 million of germinable seeds/ha (however, variety of Rubiota had a high yield already with the seeding rate of 2.0 million of germinable seeds/ha). To specify the information, it is needed to obtain results from more years.
From the evaluated genotypes, the yield of white spring dinkel wheat slightly outperformed the control variety of bread wheat Granny and in particular the second genotype of dinkel wheat, T. spelta KEW. In the case of winter varieties, the yield of dinkel wheat Alkor outperformed the second variety of winter dinkel wheat Rubiota as well as the control variety of bread wheat Penalta.
The evaluation of qualitative parameters showed that genotypes of dinkel wheat outperformed the control varieties of bread wheat, especially in the content of N-substances and wet gluten content in grain dry matter. Both spring genotypes of dinkel wheat also achieved very good results in the Zeleny sedimentation test - both exceeded the minimum value required from wheat for bakeries (30 ml). Also winter varieties of dinkel wheat Rubiota exceeded this limit. The number of decrease was high in the evaluated varieties of winter wheat, while spring wheat was negatively affected by sprouting due to the rainy weather just before the harvest. The level of seeding rate had no effect on the values of qualitative indicators.
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The influence of the number of plants on the yield of winter wheat in the context of precision seeding technologies
Paclt, Ladislav ; Brant, Václav (advisor) ; Zábranský, Petr (referee)
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most commonly grown cereal in the Czech Republic. The sowing area covers about 795 000 hectares. Quality seed is a good basis for the formation of stand structure during development, which is reflected in the yield and quality of production. The structure of the stand is shaped primarily by the number of plants per unit area, thereby the amount of seed rate. In traditional agricultural practice, the amount of seed rate is determined mainly by sowing date and agricultural production area. It is used convertion MKZ to weight in kg. Required quantity of seed is therefore given in kg and not in seed number. Commonly used seeding-machines moreover, are not able to precisely follow the seed sown.
The aim of this study was based on field experiments to assess the effect of different seeding rates in precision sowing on wheat yield. It is known that wheat plants have exceptional compensation capability, which consists mainly in tillering. When precise positioning of seeds per unit area, which maximally eliminates competition between plants, therefore, even in reduced seed rate should not shown to decrease yield. It was also evaluated the effect of the application of fertilizer during sowing into the zone of plant roots.
Field experiments were carried out in the years 2014/2015 in the locality Budihostice (Central Bohemia), GPS coordinates 50 ° 17'48.664 "N, 14 ° 14'36.130" E. For seeding carried out 3. 10. 2014 was used test modular drill Farmet with width of 1.5 m and with the use of precision seeding. The zonal application to a depth of 85 and 180 mm at seeding was used NPK fertilizer (15/15/15) in a uniform dose of 80 kg/ha. Seed rate in the experimental plots ranged from 200 to 350 grains per m2. Control variant representing conventionally planting was established with a seed rate of 450 grains per m2. Total was based six variants without fertilization, six variants with the location of the fertilizer to a depth loosening of 85 and 180 mm and the control variant. Harvest was 30. 7. 2015.
Differences in the number of plants are primarily reflected in the number of ears on a single plant. This factor was the most important yield-forming element. Lower yield compared with the control variant, which achieved yield 9,509 t/ha, was set on plots with the number of plants under 200 pieces per m2. In areas with a number of plants more than 200 pieces per m2 was beyond one variant set higher yield. Variants with the number of plants more than 230 pieces per m2 and fertilization achieved a higher yield than areas without fertilization. These differences were not statistically significant. Influence of zonal fertilization was not surely proved.
The experiments have shown that reducing the number of plants per unit area may be due stand compensation capability provide similar yields as conventional variant.
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