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Waste flows modelling and assessment of their treatment
Kolátor, Matyáš ; Smejkalová, Veronika (referee) ; Pluskal, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with the description, analysis and reconstruction of waste evidence. Nowadays, more and more emphasis is put on the issue of waste management and its efficient use. Legislation has set demanding targets for increased waste recovery and the development of a circular economy. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to plan and organize the structure of waste management strategically. Important decisions in the field of waste management are based on data and the production and processing of waste. The quality of waste data has a major impact on the success of the process. The aim of this thesis is to describe the system of record, but also the possibilities of improving and reconstructing invalid data. The core of the work is the testing and improvement of a data reconciliation tool REVEDATO developed at the Institute of Process Engineering. The computational tool is based on the mathematical apparatus of data balancing, for which the correct definition of the weights is crucial, which will be the main subject of the work.
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Determination of the carbon footprint of different waste treatment techniques
Suchomel, Ondřej ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Köbölová, Klaudia (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the issue of waste treatment, waste management and carbon footprint. The aim of this thesis is to understand the complexity of these industries and propose a plan for the city of Brno based on the research done. The first theoretical part explains the benefits of circular economy and waste analysis in Czech Republic. The ensuing part describes the process of carbon footprint calculation and presents its advantages and disadvantages of carbon footprint. The two following theoretical sections discuss the methods and possibilities of waste treatment by conventional and modern methods. Last part of this thesis is a computational design and offers a waste processing proposal for the city of Brno. This thesis predominantly addresses the advantages and disadvantages of composting and anaerobic digestion for biowaste processing. A practical use of these technologies has been proposed based on the calculations.
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Odpadové hospodářství pevných odpadů v CHKO Moravský kras
Marek, Pavel
This diploma thesis is about municipal waste management. There are involved villages, which are situated with their building area in CHKO Moravský kras. This diploma thesis is mainly about municipal solid waste management in CHKO Moravský kras, which is interpreted by collected information about individual municipalities. The most data were obtained from municipalities by own research. These data are used in the practical part of this thesis. The information about waste production were provided mainly by workers in The Department of the Environment Blansko and Šlapanice. It was also needed to obtain information about illegal dumping, during own research. The obtained data are processed and compared each other (per capita), in the practical part. The comparison is done by point graphs in time series and there is also used cluster analysis. There were suggested recommendations and some design waste management measures in the locality for municipalities, based on individual results and theoretical knowledge about a good examples from the practice.
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Nakládání s biologicky rozložitelnými odpady v regionu Náměšťsko
Boturová, Kateřina
The topic of this bachelor thesis is manipulating with biologically degradable waste in region of Náměšť nad Oslavou. The thesis deals with general issues of the biologically degradable waste. The basis is formed by universal descriptions of possible ways of treating the biologically degradable waste and in greater detail it focuses on description principles and process of composting. The main goal is to characterize chosen ways of handling with the biologically degradable waste and to describe one of the chosen method on illustration of practice. The work then deals with legislative setting of the biologically degradable waste and also with its statistical entries. Conclusion of the thesis concentrates on a description of composting plant in Náměšť nad Oslavou. It describes its facility, amount of admitted and processed waste and amount of produced compost. Furthermore, it processes statistic data specifying amount of unwanted additives in compost. It evaluates contemporary situation and its possible effective future solutions.
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Management of infectious waste
Martinek, Karel ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is the summary of processing rules, handling and disposal of waste from medical facilities in the Czech Republic and comparison of approach with other countries. Legislation of dangerous waste varies from country to country. Slight differences are also observed in the conception of individual regions of Czechia. Increasingly, infectious waste is decontaminated before final disposal by incineration. The thesis provides basic information, advantages or disadvantages of individual decontamination methods and comparison of some of them.
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Replacing heat from fossil fuels by energy from waste
Ženatý, Sebastian ; Smejkalová, Veronika (referee) ; Putna, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deal with the topic of waste treatment and possibility of its energy utilization. Methods of waste treatment are presented in the introduction research part. It is mainly focused on the environmental impact. Subsequently it is concentrated on energy recovery facility, the environmental aspect of which is again the main focus. The practical part starts with a description of a tool suitable for modeling of heating and power plants networks. This tool is used for the calculation of specified heating network in the second practical section. Finally, the results are evaluated and the alternatives of the plant operation are proposed.
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Possibilities of utilisation of salt slags from aluminum production
Sedlačík, Martin ; Másilko, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with characterisation of salt slag formed during melting of aluminium scrap in rotary furnaces and proposes options of utilization of this material as a secondary raw material. Samples from top, middle and bottom part of mould, where slag cools down after the melting process is finished, were tested. Aim of the thesis is also to evaluate the effect of air access during the cooling process on phase and chemical composition of salt slag. Particle size distribution, content of soluble substances and composition were examined in collected samples. Phase and chemical compositions of both soluble and insoluble portion of idividual fractions were determined using X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
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Recyklace odpadu v některých městech jižních Čech
ŠULISTA, Daniel
This master´s thesis discusses waste recycling in selected towns in the South Bohemia region. The first part explains the concepts of waste, landfilling, recycling and waste treatment. In the second part of the thesis selected areas of South Bohemia suitable for elaboration are listed. Data collected for individual commodities (electrical appliances, metals, paper, plastics, glass and textile materials) are listed in the tables and subsequently represented in a graphical way. These charts illustrate how citizens in each area recycle or not recycle their waste. In the conclusion of the thesis is presented the amount of waste per capita for the given area and a comparison with the other areas. Afterwards, measures are proposed to improve waste recycling.
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Pyrolýzní zpracování odpadů
Heralová, Kateřina
Bachelor's thesis on the topic of pyrolysis processing of waste is focused on thermal processing of waste by pyrolysis methods. The first part describes methods of thermal processing of waste in general, both oxidative and reductive. In the next section there is a detailed description of pyrolysis technologies of various foreign companies focusing on various input materials such as biomass, tires or municipal waste. The next part of thesis is focused on pyrolysis technology operating in the Czech Republic, such as pyrolysis container line developed in Podebrady, vacuum pyrolysis, pyrolysis muchcontour circulation and pyrolysis unit Pyromatic developed in Ostrava. Certain attention is paid to the use of solid residue after pyrolysis, and also possibilities and limits of using pyrolytic units in practice.
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Expert system for choice of proper method for waste utilization
Fikar, Josef ; Jícha, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor)
This work consists in development of expert system intended for choosing appropriate method of waste processing. The software is created in VisiRule software which is built on Prolog language and is part of WinProlog 4.900 development tool. It also deals with problematics of creating of knowledge base for applications of this type and judging of suitability of possible approaches to creating an expert system for given purpose.
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