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The effect of the smoking ban in bars and restaurants on the health of the non-smoking population in Czech Republic
Bláhová, Adéla ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Lušková, Martina (referee)
In 2017, the Czech Republic became one of many European countries to adopt a comprehensive smoking ban prohibiting smoking in various public places including bars and restaurants. This thesis estimates the effect of this policy on the health of Czech non-smokers. To evaluate the impact of the smoking ban, we apply the difference-in-differences method to compare our treatment group, i.e. Czech non-smoking population, with the control group represented by non- smokers from the Slovak Republic, where such a policy was not implemented. The study used micro-level data from the European Health Interview Survey in 3 subsequent waves: 2009, 2014, and 2019. Two econometric models were employed on two distinct dependent variables, that were chosen as proxies of health. Firstly, the presence of longstanding health problem is modeled utilizing logistic regression. Subsequently, the number of nights spent in the hospital in the past 12 months is estimated by a Zero-inflated negative binomial model. We found a significant decrease in both the probability of experiencing a longstanding health problem and the expected number of nights spent in the hospital, suggesting that the smoking ban positively affected the health of the Czech non-smoking population. Keywords smoking ban, health, passive smoking, EHIS, Czech...
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Summative evaluation of the Act on protection of health from harmful effects of addictive substances with emphasis on use of tobacco products
Kučerová, Klára ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of Act No. 65/2017 Coll., The Act on the protection of health from the harmful effects of addictive substances with emphasis on use of tobacco products. The evaluation of this Act was approached on the basis of the principles of summative evaluation, which focused on the impacts of the health protection Act and on the fulfilment of its set objectives. Apart from evaluations, the theoretical and factual basis of the work includes mainly tobacco control in the Czech Republic. The practical part of this thesis is based on quantitative research that uses secondary data. This research was subsequently supplemented by information from semi-structured expert interviews. The analysis is focused on the evaluation of a total of fifteen indicators, which represent areas on which the adoption of the examined law may have had some impact. These indicators mainly concern the area of smoking and health, but also the tobacco industry, hospitality, and the state budget. The evaluation of the indicators is based on a comparison of two time series, while one of them shows the real situation and the other extrapolates the situation without the adoption of the examined law. The results of the analysis were subsequently discussed in relation to the fulfilment of the set...
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Fine and coarse aerosol particles in a student's club before and after a smoking ban
Valchářová, Tereza ; Ondráček, Jakub (referee) ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor)
This master thesis was tasked to find out how the parameter of interior atmosphere changes at student's club "Mrtvá Ryba", that means atmospheric aerosols sized from 0,524 to 20 micrometers. This work tries to show indoor aerosols before and after the smoking ban and its comparison. This work describes concentrations PM1 and PM10, and their behavior per day. Concentrations was measured by APS (Aerodynamic particle sizer). The measurement was the first step in the non-smoking club, then processing with retrieved informations in CoPlot, CoStat and Excel, where the statistical method has done, and comparison with previous values. T-tests was used for statistics and linear regresion. The result confirms, what was it supposed to, so concentracion values are significantly different. The average concentration of all measured days (six) of smoking campaign was at PM1 13,28 µg.m-3 and at PM10 23,38 µg.m-3. The average concentration of all measured days (thirty six) of non-smoking campaign was at PM1 4,88 µg.m-3 and at PM10 24,61 µg.m-3. Resulting concentration of aerosol particles was explicity lower at non-smoking period than at smoking period. Contamination of interior enviroment is influenced by many factors. The most important factor is presence of persons and their number, concentration of outdoor...
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Smoking in restaurants in the center of Pilsen
VIDRŠPERKOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this diploma thesis is ´Smoking in restaurant facilities in Pilsen city center´. Smoking in restaurant facilities harms not only their visitors but especially their employees. This group of citizens becomes passive smokers for the entire working time which may have negative health consequences. The main goal of this thesis was to map out the problem of smoking in restaurant facilities from their employee´s point of view. Three research questions have been determined towards fulfilling this goal. The research was implemented with the help of qualitative survey. Semi-structured in-depth interview was carried out with 13 respondents who had been chosen through the snowball sampling method. Information was evaluated through the open coding method and it has responded to the research questions. The first research question - What are the smoking habits of smoking restaurant facility employees? The research has proven that the amount of cigarettes smoked by the smoking restaurant facility employees has raised. The second research question - How do the employees of smoking restaurant facilities perceive the risk of passive smoking? Respondent´s answers have provn that they do not perceive passive smoking to be a risk factor which might harm their health. Only a minor part of respondents minds working in a smoking environment. The third research question was put this way: What is the attitude of employees in smoking restaurant facilities towards the new planned anti-smoking legislation? The research has proven that most respondents does not wish the acceptance of smoking prohibition in restaurant facilities. The reasons are concerns for their jobs, decrease in revenue, refusal of prohibition in general ort he fact that they themselves are smokers. Only a small number of respondent sis acutally concerned about their health and would welcome an amendment to the Act. A short intervention was carried out with the respondents within the research, which was supposed to inform the employees of restaurant facilities about the risks of passive smoking. The research has proven that employees of smoking restaurant facilities do not perceive the risk of passive smoking really. They are often exposed to tobacco smoke even in their leisure time. The most effective prevention may be ensured by politicians who would enforce a stricter legislation.
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Analysis of smoking regulations in the hospitality industry with a focus on chosen countries of the EU
Zágorová, Lucie ; Mlejnková, Lena (advisor) ; Netková, Jarmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of smoking bans in public places. It is a controversial subject that sparks debate on whether smoking regulations are beneficial and if this trend should be replicated in other countries. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the current state of smoking in the world and the EU and to evaluate the attitude towards the introduction of smoking regulations in public spaces, with a focus on hospitality industries in different countries. This evaluation is determined from studies conducted by the EU and other global institutions involved with this matter. Thanks to the studies undertaken in different countries, the economic, health and social impacts of smoking bans have been analyzed. These findings will serve to predict the possible effect of an introduction of smoking bans in bars and restaurants in the Czech Republic.
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Impact of smoking bans in pubs and restaurants
Vávra, Vít ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Poláková, Olga (referee)
Background: The aim of this study is to find out how the smoking ban in public places affected the turnover of restaurants and bars, tobacco consumption and the number of smokers in Europe. To become more familiar with this issue, we will analyze some reasons in favor of implementing the ban. At the end, we will compare collected results with a view of economic theory. Methods: We will focus on five states where regulation has been introduced, namely Ireland, Norway, Italy, Scotland and England. The data necessary to analyze the impact of the ban are obtained from particular studies examining changes in selected states. Then, we will summarize all information, determine how the hospitality sector and tobacco industry were affected and if our results are corresponding with economic theory. Results: Arguments of regulation promoters seem to be at least controversial. From our perspective the only valid argument is based on health complications, which are caused by passive smoking. The growth was not measured for any surveyed area in any country. Regulation caused a decrease in turnover of pubs and restaurants, in sales of tobacco and the number of smokers in the population was reduced because of that too. The economic theory says that structure of the market is shifted by the smoking ban to the inefficient form, which is corresponding with measured results. Discussion: Considering the economic and in our opinion even moral view, it would not be wise to introduce the smoking ban in public places. Both of surveyed branches suffer from the regulation. If the chance to choice whether an establishment will be smoking or not stays in the hands of the owners, who are trying to perfectly meet the supply of their customers. Then there will be an optimal allocation of both smoking and smoke-free establishments, which will cause a maximization of social welfare.
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European Union and the fight against smoking
FIŠER, Martin
This bachelor thesis deals with the fight of the European Union against smoking. An introductory part of the submitted thesis first briefly treats the history and the position of the phenomenon in European society. The following section of my work then analyzes different reasons for bans on smoking and describes the consequences of the anti-tobacco policies. For the most part presented work offers an account of current regulatory environment in the light of national provisions including various existing communal provisions. The last but not least this work also pays attention to the present state of affairs of the debate in favor of the smoke free environment. In its final chapter and its conclusion this thesis aspires to discern future patterns and developments of the European Union policies in the course of debates concerning ban on smoking.
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Ban on Smoking, its Modification and Development
Severová, Jana ; Hejda, Jan (advisor) ; Kratina, Milan (referee)
My Bachelor work is focused on describtion of acts connected with smoking ban. I analyse imperfections in the main legal acts -- No. 379/2005 and No. 262/2005 -- and I propose solutions for their removal. I deal with amendment of act concerning absolut smoking ban in restaurants in the Czech Republic and I describe present situation in those European countries, where this act is already valid. I also analyse public meaning by questionnaire, which was intent on legal knowledge, satisfaction with anti-smoking act and its abidance.
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