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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the quality of wheat flour
Zítková, Jana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This work treats of influence of carbon dioxide increased concentration on wheat yield and quality of wheat grains and flour. It focuses above all on total content nitrogenous substances in flour, content of proteins, gluten and bake charackteristics. Generally, increased carbon dioxide concentrations cause an increase of wheat yield and decrease of total content of nitrogenous substances. Gluten content is lower and that is why the bake properties are worse too.
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Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins content in two varieties of wheat
Seidlová, Kateřina ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the effect of high temperature and drought on protein content of gliadin fraction on two varieties of wheat. Chosen varieties were Hyfi and Julie, cultivated at 26, 29, 32, 35 and 38 °C during flowering in watering controlled conditions. The condition for ‘wet’ samples was at least 70 % soil moisture and for ‘dry’ samples less than 30 % soil moisture. After harvesting, the seeds were milled into flour from which the gliadins were extracted with 2-chlorethanol. A-PAGE method was used for gliadin separation, quantification was carried out through computer densitometry. A significant genotype effect was discovered. Whilst temperature ranging from 26-38 °C with simultaneous drought stress had no significant effect on gliadin content of Hyfi variation, gliadin content of Julie variation shown obvious maximum at 32 °C. Therefore, Hyfi variation shown better resistance to heat stress than Julie variation. Both variations had higher gliadin content under drought stress than under good watering conditions.
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Changes in gliadin content in four varieties of wheat at different temperatures and drought stress.
Cigánková, Michaela ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of increasing temperature and water shortage on the content of gliadin proteins in four varieties of wheat: Bohemia, Pannonia, Tobak and RGT Reform. Samples were cultivated at 26, 29, 32, 35, 39 and 41 ° C. Due to the lack of culture samples at 41 ° C, these samples were not used for our experiment. Cultivation took place during flowering with sufficient moisture (with soil moisture higher than 70%) or under drought stress (with humidity below 30%). The A-PAGE method was used to separate gliadin fractions. Quantification was performed by computer densitometry. Significant influence of water availability on gluten protein content was found. The lack of moisture in the stress environment caused a relative increase in gliadin fractions compared to conventional conditions, especially in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties. The Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties responded most to the temperature, while Bohemia. The Tobak variety responded to the temperature in interaction with water scarcity. Due to the rising temperature, virtually all gliadin fractions in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties increased. The effect of drought often manifests itself in interaction with the influence of temperature. The most dramatic effect was the drought in interaction with temperature in the Tobak variety, where the gliadin content increased. In general, the temperature and drought were most affected by -gliadin fractions of all four varieties of wheat.
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Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins and glutenins contents in four varieties of wheat
Tomasz, Teresa ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of high temperature and water shortage on the protein content of gliadin and glutenin fractions in four varieties of winter wheat: Bohemia, Tobak, Pannonia and var. Syria with designation S46 (IG142780). The crop was grown at 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41 °C during anthesis under control irrigation treatment (with soil moisture higher than 70 %) or under drought stress (with soil moisture lower than 30 %). To separate gliadins, the A-PAGE method was used, and glutenins were separated by SDS-PAGE method. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Significant influence of genotype on the gluten proteins was found. Variety Pannonia has high content of -, 5-gliadins, LMW and HMW glutenins, but low content of other gliadin fractions. It was the opposite in the other varieties. Due to temperature, as well as drought, there was an increase in the content of all gluten fractions, especially of HMW glutenins, 1,2-gliadins and total gliadins. The largest increase in the gluten fractions due to drought was observed in Syria variety. In other varieties simultaneous exposure to drought and heat caused decrease in gliadin content, but increase in glutenin content. Drought at high temperatures reduced gliadin-to-glutenin ratio, mostly in Bohemia variety. This ratio has increased due to the temperature, especially in Tobak variety. For Syria variety, no effect of stress conditions was found on gliadin-to-glutenin ratio.
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Efekt snížení dávky dusíku při použití hnojiv s inhibitory
Brabcová, Jana
This work was focused on the use of nitrogen fertilizers with inhibitors in full and reduced doses, which was supposed to simulate the achievement of one of the objectives of the Green Deal. The experiment took the form of a one-year small-plot experiment with winter wheat in Žabčice near Brno. The following variants were included in the experiment: 1. mixture of urea + ammonium sulfate (control), 2. Alzon neo-N (urea containing urease and nitrification inhibitor), 3. mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN (ammonium sulfate with nitrification inhibitor) and 4. a mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN in a reduced dose of 20%. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was chosen as the test crop, for which the yields and quality parameters of the grain were monitored (bulk weight, nitrogen content, gluten content and Zeleny test value). The mineral nitrogen content in the soil was also monitored. The addition of inhibitors did not have a statistically significant effect on yield and grain quality. A statistically significant decrease in values occurred only in the variant with a reduced dose of fertilizer compared to the non-reduced variant, namely in the content of N-substances, gluten content and the value of the Zeleny test (sedimentation value). When comparing the variant with a reduced dose of nitrogen to the standard by fertilizing without inhibitors, no significant differences were found. Fertilizers with inhibitors can therefore ensure an unreduced yield of adequate quality even when a reduced dose of fertilizer is used. The results of the Nmin analysis proved the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the mineral nitrogen content in the soil, especially the influence of the urease inhibitors. The variant with a higher content of urease inhibitor (variant 2) showed a lower amount of ammonium nitrogen and at the same time a lower amount of total Nmin compared to the variants in the mixture in full and reduced dose (variants 3 and 4).
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Stanovení bílkovin u pšenic z konvenčního a ekologického pěstování a jejich vliv na kvalitu zrna
Sedláčková, Anna
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to determine selected signs of baking quality in selected trials from organic and organic agriculture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the season of 2020/2021. This annual trial included combination of twenty varieties and new breedings of wheat sown in two different locations, Weikendorf (organic agriculture) and Dörfles (ecological agriculture). There was evaluated ifestation by Blumeria graminis, Septoria tritici, Puccinia striiformis and Fusarium graminearum during the 2021 vegetation. Subsequently was determined the yield from individual trials (dt.ha-1) and laboratory analyzes were carried out, starting with the evaluation of flour yield using Quadrumat Junior and SRC-CHOPIN 2, NIR, SDS and Zeleny sedimentation test, alveographic and extensographic evaluation, and finally evaluation using GlutoPeak. The year 2020/2021 was characterised by frequent and high rainfall totals during sowing and harvesting. Meteorological conditions during the year, local influences and different agrotechnical procedures played a significant role in the formation of technological quality of the grain. The limit of 12,5 % of protein set by Austria was met at the location Weikendorf (conventional agriculture) by all varieties and new breeding except variety `Campesino`. At the location Dörfles (organic agriculture) was this limit not met by any of chosen varieties and new breedings. The results of determining the other technological parameters showed significant differences between the quality of the harvest in favor of conventional agriculture. It was made a series of correlations between selected quality parameters. In particular, that grain from conventional and organic farming can differ significantly even from the point of view of evaluating the relationships between selected quality parameters.
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Hodnocení kvalitativních parametrů zrna pšenice ozimé u odrůd z víceletých pokusů
Kužílková, Ilona
The aim of the thesis is to deal with the problematics of wheat grain quality assessment. In the literary research the anatomical structure and chemical composition of wheat grain is described. Furthermore, wheat grain baking quality requirement are characterized. The quality parameters are described in more details. In requirements, this thesis deals with the requirements of varieties registration. The experimental part of this thesis was conducted at two locations in a small-plot field experiment at the Field Experimental Station MENDELU in Žabčice. It was multi-years trial that was carried out in three growing seasons (2019/2020, 2020/2021 a 2021/2022). There were fifteen wheat varieties of a different quality evaluated. The yield of individual varieties was measured and then the baking quality parameters were evaluated. The evaluated quality parameters included: bulk density, falling number value, sedimentation value, nitrogenous substances content and wet gluten content. All quality parameters were influenced by the course of weather conditions throughout the year and also by the genotype of the variety. The content of nitrogenous substances and wet gluten was also influenced by the habitat conditions. At the same time, it was possible to observe interaction between individual factors. The highest values of quality parameters were found in varieties Butterfly, Bohemia and Genius, however the lowest values in varieties LG Orlice, RGT Sacramento and Steffi. The highest yields were achieved by varieties LG Orlice, Steffi and RGT Sacramento, while Bohemia and Butterfly obtained the lowest yields. Varieties like Balitus, LG Dita and Pirueta can be recommended for baking purposes.
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Transport and thermophysical data for thermic sanitation calculation of agricultural seeds
Vávra, Dan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Juřena, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on properties that are important for thermal sanitation. Commonly used seed treatment methods are summarized in the theoretical part. Furthermore, seeds‘ transport and thermo–physical properties are written out and described. To the present day, the properties of wheat seeds have been determined, while there are fewer publications for pea seeds. The available properties were determined by research for wheat and pea seeds. Furthermore, the experimental procedures for obtaining wheat properties were verified and then the procedures were applied to pea seeds. In the experiments, values were obtained for porosity, bulk density, true density, static angle of repose and specific heat capacity for certain humidity. The results are written out with total measurement uncertainties. The values of properties were discussed.
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The use of humine preparations at the winter wheat
ŠVEC, Jakub
The diploma thesis deals with the use of humic preparations in winter wheat (Tri-ticum aestivum). The experiment was based on a family farm with two varieties of winter wheat. These were varieties from the Lima Grain company. The varieties were LG Mocca and LG Magirus. In the experiment, 3 different dosage variants of Blackjak were compared against the control variant. The dose of the product was graduated in half a liter per hectare, i.e. variant No. 1: 0.5 l*ha-1, No. 2: 1 l*ha-1, No. 3: 1.5 l*ha-1. In the case of the LG Mocca variety, there was an increase in profits in all variants, from which it can be concluded that even the application of 0.5 l*ha-1 is advantageous. However, the highest increase in profits was for variant No. 3, where the increase in profits was CZK 3,087. For the LG Magirus variety, these results were not so clear. Variant No. 1, where 0.5 l*ha-1 was applied, came out with a lower profit than the control variant. The highest increase in profits was for variant No. 3, where the increase was CZK 1,554.
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Short-term application of elevated temperature and drought influences the isotopic composition of winter wheat grains
Pernicová, Natálie ; Urban, Otmar ; Čáslavský, Josef ; Klem, Karel ; Trnka, Miroslav
The study aimed to determine the differences in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios in grains of three winter wheat varieties grown under optimal and stress conditions. We found that the wheat variety has a significant effect on both δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios. Short-term (nine days) exposure to drought and high temperature during the heading or stem extension development phase significantly enhanced δ13C values, but only high temperature affected δ15N values. Enhanced δ15N values support the assumption that global warming causes a higher representation of the 15N isotope in plants. Moreover, significant interactive effects of temperature and water availability on the values of both isotopes were found implying that C and N metabolisms have been altered under the investigated stress conditions. We conclude that δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios of cereal grains are sensitive indicators of stress conditions, even short-term ones
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