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Stanovení stopových prvků ve vodním prostředí pomocí techniky difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu
Smolíková, Vendula
Water pollution nowadays receives increasing attention from researchers as well as the decision-makers and public. Besides other water contaminants, monitoring of trace elements remains at the centre of research attention. Thus, the main objective of this PhD study was the development and application of the DGT technique for the evaluation of selected trace elements (arsenic and uranium) in the aquatic environment. A novel DGT resin gel utilizing the commercially available resin Lewatit FO 36 for an effective evaluation of arsenic contamination in aquatic ecosystems was developed. Subsequently, the use of the technique was extended for the evaluation of uranium in the aquatic environment. The new method was validated by in-situ applications in the real environment (e.g., water reservoir Záskalská and mineral springs Hronovka and Regnerka (Czech Republic), the Scheldt estuary and coastal zone of the North Sea and Zenne River (Belgium)). Part of the work also dealt with the comparison of the performance of commonly used DGT designs for the evaluation of uranium contamination in the aquatic environment.
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Antidepressant sertraline and fish behavior
LEXOVÁ, Veronika
Consumption of antidepressants, including sertraline, increases annually. After their intake and excretion, the residues of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites enter recipients with insufficiently treated wastewater, and they can negatively affect non-targeted organisms. This diploma thesis deals with the occurrence of antidepressant sertraline in the aquatic environment, its bioaccumulation and its effect on fish behaviour. In the experimental part of this thesis, brown trout were exposed to an environmental concentration of sertraline of 100 ng/l. Afterwards, their behaviour was observed. Results suggest that sertraline caused a change in spatial orientation expressed with left-sided laterality. Also, exploration activity was changed, which was higher in exposed fish than in the control group. It means that exposed fish were exploring the whole labyrinth. The Fulton condition factor also affected the exploratory activity of the fish. Fish in lower conditions were more likely to explore the entire tank. Concentrations of sertraline and its active metabolite norsertraline were detected in the brain and liver of fish using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. According to the calculation of the bioconcentration factor, it is possible to say that sertraline in trout does not reach the value of the bioconcentration factor, where substances are considered to be highly bioaccumulative. Furthermore, results suggest that the concentration of both substances in fish brains affected fish behaviour, specifically their left-sided laterality and higher exploration activity. As the concentration in the fish brain increased, the probability of these changes was higher.
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Fish as indicator of aquatic ecosystem´s loading by pharmaceutical residues
Milatová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Nowadays, the importance of the issue of residues of pharmacs in the wastewaters and afterwards, surface waters, becomes more serious because of the fact, that the consumption of the pharmacs is instantly increasing within the human population. Therefore, it is important to monitor not only this pharmacs, respectively their residues in waters, but also their residues in aquatic organisms. This thesis is of theoretical character and deals with the possibility of using fish as bioindicators in the evaluation of pharmacs residues in aquatic ecosystems. The examples of farmacs present in the waters are given and the most common of them are described. The synthetic estrogens, whose effects on the aquatic organisms, respectively fish, are most detectable, were chosen as the most common group of pharmacs.
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment of the Southern Moravia Region
Lána, Radim ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Byla provedena studie bioakumulace POP v potravním řetězci a historických trendů hladin POP v sedimentech Brněnské přehrady. Současné úrovně kontaminantů byly stanoveny v jelci tloušti z řeky Svratky a rovněž byla posouzena hygienická kvalita ryb z rekreačního rybolovu. Současné úrovně POP v terestrickém ekosystému byly posouzeny pomocí analýz jehličí jako přirozeného indikátoru znečištění. Studium jedinců tří druhů dravých ptáků z ČR bylo zaměřeno na zhodnocení kontaminace těchto vrcholných predátorů POP. S pomocí analýz vybraných druhů ryb ze Záhlinických rybníků byl rovněž studován proces bioakumulace. Posouzení parametrů dvou moderních extrakčních technik a jejich využitelnosti pro izolaci POP z různých matric bylo námětem poslední části dizertace.
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Water Politics
Dvořáková, Dana ; Vojtěchovský, Miloš (referee) ; Sterec, Pavel (advisor)
The work is aimed at familiarizing the audience with the problems of water in the Czech Republic and its distribution within the landscape. However, its character, which approaches to documentary work, doesn´t explicitly describe the problem, but rather attempts to visualize it and give the viewer space for his own imagination. The work draws in contrast the examples of fine functional interventions in the landscape with examples of monstrous concrete structures - dams. It points to problematic places and tries to convey to the viewer the current issue not only in the chosen location. The main thing is the lyrical performance, which evokes not only a video but also the sound part and the narrative that explains the whole problem. The video is not purely informative, its specificity is also focused on the enjoyment of the viewer. He plays with documentary techniques but does not use them as a priority. The shots are deliberately chosen so that the concrete buildings look monumental and have their seriousness. The background of the shots also shows the time of their creation. This element is supposed to be critical and is supposed to be opposed to studies that use old plans to build new water reservoirs that do not give space for a more efficient solution. The work also touches on the overproduction and issues of today's modern agriculture.
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Musk compounds in water ecosystem
Guryčová, Hana ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic fragrances or MUSK compounds are artificialy synthetised organic substances, used as fragrant constituents in various homecare products, such as cosmetics, detergents, air fresheners etc. The aim of diploma thesis was the quantification of some selected MUSK compounds in the influent and efluent of the water treatment plants.The method of quantification of MUSK compounds in organic matrix was also optimised during the research. Two modifications of solid phase microextraction were tested and evaluated. The analytes were identified and quantified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results were used to evaluate the amount of MUSK compounds in sewage waters and the ability of various water treatment plants to eliminate this kind of pollution from the water during the treatment process.
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The evaluation of findings of PCBs in bioindicators of animal origin - fish
Doušová, Petra ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The baccalaureate theoretical thesis resolved the issues of use of fish as bioindicators to determine the level of ecosystem pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were selected as a xenobiotic; it still belongs among the priority organic pollutants. The part of thesis is dedicated to physical and chemical toxicological and environmental characteristics of these organic pollutants. Its use in CR in the past was also mentioned, as well as manner of its application in industry, evaluation of its distribution and toxicological effect of individual groups of congeners PCB. Based on the contamination level of fish the evaluation of the water ecosystem was performed, which was compared to data published in Slovakia.
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Speciace rtuti v rybích tkáních
Hrůzová, Marie
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of contamination of freshwater fish species by chemical forms (species) of mercury. To monitor mercury speciation in fish tissues, four locations in the Czech Republic were selected - the Záskalská reservoir, Rybníkářství Pohořelice a.s., the Smrk pond, and the Lipolec pond. The Záskalská reservoir is located near the historic cinnabar mine, hence an increased risk of fish contamination was expected. No significant source of mercury contamination was identified in the other aquatic ecosystems. Four fish species - perch (Perca fluviatilis), roach (Rutilus rutilus), pike (Esox lucius), and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were caught for analysis. Fish tissue samples (muscles, gills, liver, and skin) were analyzed for total mercury concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry on an AMA 254 and for individual mercury species using High-performance liquid chromatography with atomic fluorescence detection (HPLC-CV-AFS). The highest total mercury contents were found in the muscles of fish from the contaminated Záskalská reservoir. The muscle tissues of pike, perch, and roach from the Záskalská reservoir exceeded the limit set by Regulation No. 1881/2006 EC. Only inorganic mercury species (Hg2+) and methylmercury species (MeHg+) were found in fish tissues. The highest amounts of methylmercury were found in muscle tissues (63-96 %), followed by skin (55-90 %), liver (31- 82 %), and gills (42-81 %). Statistically significant differences in mercury species content were compared between predatory and non-predatory fish, contaminated and non-contaminated locations, and the thesis also assessed the impact of age, species, and diet on the speciation of mercury in fish tissues.
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Záhradné jazierka - kúpacie biotopy
Mitrová, Anna Mária
This bachelor theses deals with topic of garden ponds – swimming biotops. Processes this subject and it’s current situation. Provides fundamental summary about planning and realization of swimming biotops. Based on postrealization analysis of chosen objects points to frequent mistakes and flaws in practise. Gained knowledge is applied in own ideological study of swimming pond.
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Macrophytes of fishponds in agricultural landscape of selected part of Novohradské hory foothills
SOUKUP, Tomáš
Cílem terénní diplomové práce bylo určování a posouzení diverzity vodních a mokřadních druhů rostlin (makrofyt) v 46 sledovaných vodních nádržích v povodí řeky Vltavy a Malše. Vlastní botanický průzkum probíhal v podhůří Novohradských hor a zaobíral se druhovou identifikací vyšších rostlin ve vymezeném území vodních nádrží, pro které byla současně stanovena i listová pokryvnost dle Braun-Blanquetovy stupnice modifikace Westhoff & van der Makrel. Sběr druhových dat a definování listové plochy probíhalo vždy jen na úrovni vodního ekosystému s členěním na jednotlivé polygony (litorály) s charakteristickými stanovištními společenstvy. Získaná data se následně vizualizovala v mapách a tabulkách druhového zastoupení s přidělenou pokryvností. Z environmentálních ukazatelů se hodnotil obsah dodatkových živin v nádrži, velikost rybí obsádky, chov kachen, charakter a mocnost sedimentů, vodní stav, převažující zemědělské využití půdy v blízkém okolí, rozloha vodní plochy a hlavní spádové povodí dané oblasti. Zmíněné ukazatele (podmínky) se zaznamenávaly pro každou vodní nádrž a staly se podkladem pro další statistické hodnocení mokřadního ekosystému. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí - rešeršního zpracování problematiky rybničního hospodaření s dopady na doprovodnou vodní vegetaci a statistického vyhodnocení identifikovaných údajů. Ze sumarizovaných statistických dat vzešla skutečnost zvýšené diverzity druhů v povodí řeky Vltavy u částečně letněných rybochovných nádrží. Mapování a sběr botanických vzorků proběhl ve vegetační sezóně 2015, v období od konce měsíce května do začátku měsíce srpna.
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